The blood products industry,both domestically and internationally,exhibits distinct features in product research,development,and technological innovation.International companies possess extensive expertise in developing immunoglobulins,coagulation factors,and recombinant plasma protein products,demonstrating continuous advancements-particularly in specific immunoglobulin development,long-acting formulation optimization,and manufacturing process improvements.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have also achieved notable progress in related fields,especially in immunoglobulin process refinement and the development of novel recombinant coagulation factor products.However,there remains significant scope for improvement in areas such as the application of recombinant protein technologies,efficient utilization of plasma resources,and the adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques.Additional challenges include the accumulation of patented technologies,the supply of critical raw materials,and access to comprehensive epidemiological data.Driven by ongoing advances in gene recombination technologies,innovations in drug delivery systems,digital transformation,and the rise of personalized medicine,the blood products industry is poised for broader development prospects.To foster sustained and stable domestic industry growth and enhance global competitiveness,Chinese blood product enterprises should intensify their technological accumulation,upgrade manufacturing processes,and optimize plasma resource utilization.

Aim To investigate the high expression of LINC00626 in colorectal cancer,and explore the effects of LINC00626 on the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer SW480 cells,as well as its underlying mechanisms.Methods Flu-orescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to de-tect the expression levels of LINC00626 in 38 colorec-tal cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent nor-mal tissues.The JASPAR database was utilized to pre-dict co-expressed genes and their possible binding sites.Cell transfection technology was employed to knockdown LINC00626.Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques were used to verify the transfection efficien-cy.CCK-8 assay,cell apoptosis and necrosis staining,and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the proliferation,apoptosis,drug sensitivity,and ap-optotic proteins of SW480 cells,respectively.Results The FISH results indicated that LINC00626 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues(P＜0.05).The expression of LINC00626 was not associat-ed with the age or gender of patients,but was related to the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node me-tastasis($ P＜0.05 $).The results of CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis and necrosis staining showed that af-ter knockdown of LINC00626,the proliferation ability of SW480 cells decreased,the apoptosis level in-creased,and the drug resistance decreased(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that with the de-crease in the expression level of LINC00626,the ex-pression of caspase-3 protein decreased,the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expres-sion of Bcl-2 protein decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions LINC00626 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and is associated with the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis.LINC00626 can af-fect the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of SW480 cells and alter the expression of apoptotic pro-teins.

Objective:To investigate lymph node metastasis(LNM)in the prostatic anterior fat pad(PAFP)of PCa patients after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP),and analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of LNM in the PAFP.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data on 1 003 cases of PCa treated by RARP in the Department of Urolo-gy of PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022.All the patients underwent routine removal of the PAFP during RARP and pathological examination,with the results of all the specimens examined and reported by pathologists.Based on the pres-ence and locations of LNM,we grouped the patients for statistical analysis,compared the clinicopathological features between different groups using the Student's t,Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests,and conducted survival analyses using the Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank methods and survival curves generated by Rstudio.Results:Lymph nodes were detected in 77(7.7％)of the 1 003 PAFP samples,and LNM in 11(14.3％)of the 77 cases,with a positive rate of 1.1％(11/1 003).Of the 11 positive cases,9 were found in the upgraded pathological N stage,and the other 2 complicated by pelvic LNM.The patients with postoperative pathological stage≥T3 constituted a significantly higher proportion in the PAFP LNM than in the non-PAFP LNM group(81.8％[9/11]vs 36.2％[359/992],P=0.005),and so did the cases with Gleason score ≥8(87.5％[7/8]vs 35.5％[279/786],P=0.009).No statisti-cally significant differences were observed in the clinicopathological features and biochemical recurrence-free survival between the pa-tients with PAFP LNM only and those with pelvic LNM only.Conclusion:The PAFP is a potential route to LNM,and patients with LNM in the PAFP are characterized by poor pathological features.There is no statistically significant difference in biochemical recur-rence-free survival between the patients with PAFP LNM only and those with pelvic LNM only.Routine removal of the PAFP and inde-pendent pathological examination of the specimen during RARP is of great clinical significance.

Objective:To explore the application value of transpubic access on female urogenital tract injury.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 female patients with urogenital tract injury caused by trauma admitted to our department from May 2020 to October 2024，all of whom were complicated urethral stricture or atresia，accompanied by urethrovaginal fistula or vaginorectal fistula. All patients underwent suprapubic vesicostomy before surgery，and 1 case underwent sigmoidostomy simultaneously. The mean age of the patients was（29.6 ± 3.2）years old，and the course of disease was 6-24 months. Preoperative urethrography and urethroscope showed the location of urethral stenosis，with proximal urethra stricture in 7 cases and distal urethra stricture in 8 cases. The average length of strictures was（2.8±0.2）cm. The urethral ultrasonography，magnetic resonance and CTU examination showed 8 patients were complicated with urethrovaginal fistula，and 1 patient was complicated with vaginorectal fistula. All patients underwent transpubic access and resection of symphysis pubis. According to the specific conditions of urethral stricture，7 of them underwent end-to-end urethral anastomosis，5 cases underwent bladder wall flap urethroplasty，3 cases underwent vulva flap urethroplasty，8 cases underwent urethral vaginal fistula repair，1 case underwent vagino-rectal fistula repair，and 7 cases underwent vaginoplasty during the operation.Results:All the 15 patients underwent successful operation without complication. After the catheter being removed 4 weeks after surgery，2 patients had urgent urinary incontinence and 3 patients had stress urinary incontinence. The bladder neck was reconstructed 3 months after surgery，the symptoms of urinary incontinence improved in 1 case，urinary incontinence remained in 2 cases，and pharmaceutical or physical therapy were continued. Two patients could not urinate normally after the catheter was removed and still carried the vesicostomy tube，waiting for further treatment. The other 8 patients had unobtrusive voiding after extubating，and were followed up for an average of（22.5±3.2）months. There was no recurrence of urinary fistula，and the average maximum urinary flow rate was（22.8±3.2）ml/s.Conclusions:The transpubic approach is a safe and effective way to treat female genital tract injury by different surgical methods according to specific conditions，especially for patients with severe trauma，poor local tissue conditions，complicated urethrovaginal fistula or vagino-rectal fistula.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Dendrobium formosum Roxb.ex Lindl.and their biological activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from the stems and leaves of D.formosum was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their inhibitory activities onα-glucosidase were determined by PNPG method,and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as coniferyl p-coumarate(1),(-)-pinoresinol(2),2,5,7-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(3),naringenin(4),spiropreussomerin A(5),7-hydroxy-14-de-O-methyl-lasiodiplodin(6),(4S,5S,6Z,8E)-5-hydroxydeca-6,8-dien-4-olide(7),(6S,9R)-blumenol C(8),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(9),m-hydroxybenzoic acid(10),p-hydroxy benzenepropanoic acid(11),5,7-dihydroxy-isobenzofuran(12),2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol(13),β-sitostenone(14),β-sitosterol(15).The IC50 values of compounds 1 and 4 on α-glucosidase inhibition were(65.60±3.31)and(98.95±2.53)μmol/L,respectively.Compound 3 presented inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells,with IC50 value of(3.97±0.12)μmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 5-6,8 and 12 are isolated from Orchidacae family for the first time,and 2-15 are first isolated from this plant.Compounds 1 and 4 have α-glucosidase inhibitory activities,and 3 has anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3(HCV GT3)infection and the risk factors for disease progression.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1 002 CHC patients from 11 clinical centers in Northwest China from December 2017 to November 2023,and according to their genotype,they were divided into GT1,GT2,GT3,and GT6 groups.Clinical features were compared between the patients with different genotypes.The one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups,and the Scheffe test was used for further comparison between two groups.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of data with skewed distribution between groups;the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the progression of CHC to liver cirrhosis.Results In terms of the genotype,there were 427 patients with GT1 infection,242 with GT2 infection,299 with GT3 infection(210 patients with GT3a infection,87 with GT3b infection,and 2 with unclassified genotype),and 34 with GT6 infection.The patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.2±0.6 years,P<0.05)or GT2 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.7±0.8 years,P<0.05),and for the patients with liver cirrhosis,the patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 59.4±0.9 years,P<0.001)or GT2 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 58.1±1.1 years,P<0.001).Among the patients with GT3 infection,male patients accounted for 77.9%and the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 46.2%,which were significantly higher than those among the patients with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection(all P<0.001).At baseline,the patients with GT3 infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)than those with GT1 or GT2 infection,significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis-4(FIB4)than those with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly lower platelet count(PLT)than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly higher level of alpha-fetoprotein than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,and a significantly lower level of albumin(Alb)than those with GT6 infection(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the patients with GT3a infection and those with GT3b infection in age,sex,the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis,comorbidities,HCV RNA quantification,PLT,ALT,AST,alkaline phosphatase,Alb,APRI,and FIB-4(all P>0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT≤150×109/L(odds ratio[OR]=10.72,95%confidence interval[CI]:5.76-35.86,P<0.001)and Alb≤35 g/L(OR=3.74,95%CI:1.22-11.45,P=0.021)were risk factors for liver cirrhosis.Conclusion Most CHC patients with GT3 infection are male in Northwest China,and compared with the patients with other genotypes,such patients tend to have a younger age of onset and higher degrees of liver inflammation activity and fibrosis.Low PLT and a low level of Alb are risk factors for progression to liver cirrhosis in CHC patients with GT3 infection.

BACKGROUND:Mitochondria are of great significance in the injury and repair of acute myocardial infarction,so it is of great clinical significance to explore the pathogenesis and progression of acute myocardial infarction based on mitochondrial genes.OBJECTIVE:To explore whether mitochondrial genes can be used as reliable biomarkers to assess the progression of acute myocardial infarction.METHODS:The acute myocardial infarction dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE66360 and GSE12288,and the human mitochondrial gene set was obtained from the mitochondrial protein database.Differential gene analysis and weighted correlation network analysis were performed on the acute myocardial infarction dataset GSE66360,and the genes were obtained for protein-protein interaction analysis,gene ontology,and kyoto encyclopedia of genes genomes analysis.The intersection genes were intersected with human mitochondrial genes to obtain differential mitochondrial genes.Gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed on differential mitochondrial genes.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed in the external dataset GSE12288 to verify the expression characteristics of the differential mitochondrial genes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 548 differential genes were obtained for acute myocardial infarction.Differential gene analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the Blue module contained the most genes(4 992).There were 116 intersecting genes,among which tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-1B,interleukin-6,Toll-like receptor 4,and interleukin-10 were the core genes.(2)Gene ontology analysis showed that the biological process mainly involved inflammatory response,positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production,cell surface receptor signaling pathway.Cell composition mainly involved tertiary granular membrane,plasma membrane outer layer,plasma membrane,etc.Molecular function mainly involved immunoglobulin G binding,transmembrane signal receptor activity,chemokine activity,etc.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes genomes analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-17,and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell pathways.(3)A total of eight differential mitochondrial genes were obtained,and four characteristic genes were screened after least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and proportional hazards model analysis,including phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein1,BCL2 related protein A1,solute carrier family 25 member 37,and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase beta,and corresponded to tumor protein 53,oxidative phosphorylation,sulfur metabolism,and glycerol phospholipid metabolism pathways,respectively.(4)Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the four characteristic genes were all of diagnostic significance,and were negatively correlated with resting dendritic cells and naive B cells.(5)These results suggest that the expression characteristics of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein1,BCL2 related protein A1,solute carrier family 25 member 37,and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase beta can be used as potential biomarkers to predict mitochondrial function in acute myocardial infarction,which can further improve the accuracy of prediction of acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To study the influences of the structural parameters of the pump head flow channel on the energy dissipation of injection pumps and optimize the pump head flow channel structural parameters.Methods Firstly,three structural parameters of the injection pump head flow channel,namely the input chamber diameter,the connecting chamber diameter and the plunger rod chamber diameter,were selected as the experimental factors for orthogonal experimental design,and the total entropy production values of the injection pump head flow channels with different structures were obtained through entropy production analysis;secondly,the effects of the three structural parameters on the total entropy production values were explored with the range method;finally,the Kriging interpolation proxy model analysis and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical analysis of the injection pump head flow channel were carried out to determine the effects of the combinations of the three structural parameters by pairs on the total entropy production values,and the structural parameters of the injection pump head flow channel were optimized with the objective of energy dissipation.Results The minimum total entropy production value was 2 783 970 mW/K,which was 29.8%lower than that in case of the initial structure(3 966 072 mW/K),when the input chamber diameter was 4.8 mm,the connecting chamber diameter was 0.32 mm and the plunger rod chamber diameter was 1.0 mm;the three structural parameters had significant differences in the effects on the total entropy production value,ordered as the plunger rod chamber diameter,the input chamber diameter and the connecting chamber diameter;considering the energy dissipation,the total entropy production value was minimized in case of the minimal input chamber diameter,the maximal connecting chamber diameter and the medium-sized plunger rod chamber diameter.Conclusion The input chamber diameter,the connecting chamber diameter and the plunger rod chamber diameter have differences in the sensitivity to the effects on the energy dissipation of the injection pump head flow channel,and the structural parameters of the head flow path can be optimized accordingly with the goal of minimizing energy dissipation.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):28-32]

Objective:To analyze the association of apolipoprotein E(ApoE),soluble semaphoring 4D(sSema4D),and cyclophilin A(CypA)levels with unfavorable outcome in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:We retrospectively enrolled 108 patients with CHF admitted in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Universi-ty between March 2019 and March 2022.According to the outcome during 6-month follow-up,patients were di-vided into favorable outcome group(n=71)and unfavorable outcome group(n=37).ApoE,sSema4D and CypA levels were compared between the two groups,and multivariate Logistic regression was employed to identify the risk factors of unfavorable outcome within 6-month follow-up in CHF patients.Results:Compared to patients in the favorable outcome group,those in the unfavorable outcome group had significant higher proportion of NYHA classⅣ(59.46％vs.25.35％),serum creatinine[(80.74±3.89)μmol/L vs.(71.36±3.63)μmol/L],ApoE[(69.87±4.25)mg/L vs.(47.36±3.17)mg/L],sSema4D[(916.62±7.32)ng/L vs.(426.42±6.25)ng/L]and CypA[(6.74±1.32)ng/L vs.(4.38±0.72)ng/L](P＜0.001 all).Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that NY-HA class Ⅳ(OR=2.782,95％CI 1.166～6.636),serum creatinine(OR=29.893,95％CI 6.782～131.768),ApoE(OR=12.046,95％CI 4.694～30.913),sSema4D(OR=8.390,95％CI 2.260～31.146)and CypA(OR=6.486,95％CI 1.780～23.635)were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcome within 6-month follow-up in CHF patients(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:The levels of ApoE,sSema4D and CypA were closely associated with short-term unfavorable outcome in patients with chronic heart failure.

Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a highly esteemed and rapidly evolving field in recent years,marked by the development of numerous significant therapeutic approaches. Among these,immune checkpoint inhibitors stand out as a pivotal strategy,attracting considerable attention due to their substantial research progress. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current research advancements in ten key immune checkpoints related to anti-tumor therapy,including PD-1/PD-L1,CTLA-4,LAG-3,TIM-3,TIGIT,and VISTA. By conducting an in-depth analysis of their mechanisms of action,clinical applications,and future research directions,this review aims to offer valuable insights and guidance for optimizing strategies in tumor immunotherapy.