OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of plasma trough concentration of venetoclax and its influencing factors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS After 5 days of venetoclax administration， venous blood samples were collected from AML patients before the next dose. Plasma trough concentrations of venetoclax were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlation was used to assess the correlations between venetoclax plasma trough concentration and various parameters （including patients’ general information， venetoclax-related indicators， liver function indicators， kidney function indicators， and blood routine indicators）. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors influencing plasma trough concentration of venetoclax. Using efficacy as dependent variable [complete remission （CR）+partial remission （PR） vs. no remission （NR）]， univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors affecting efficacy. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of venetoclax plasma trough concentration for clinical efficacy （assessed as CR）. RESULTS A total of 172 venetoclax plasma trough concentration measurements from 101 patients were included in this study. The median plasma trough concentration of venetoclax was 2.38 （1.18， 3.85） μg/mL； the median sampling time for plasma trough concentration of venetoclax was 10 （7， 15） d； the duration of venetoclax use was （34±12） d. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that alkaline phosphatase （ B ＝14.65， 95%CI： 5.35-23.95， P ＝0.002）， total bilirubin （ B ＝－101.71， 95%CI： －197.16 to －6.25， P ＝0.037）， and white blood cell count （ B ＝－106.84， 95%CI： －187.61 to －26.07， P ＝0.010） were independent factors influencing plasma trough concentration of venetoclax. Due to patient attrition during treatment， 114 venetoclax plasma trough concentration measurements from 69 patients were included for efficacy evaluation. The results showed that 46 patients （66.7%） achieved CR， 11 patients （15.9%） achieved PR， and 12 patients （17.4%） were NR. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age， hemoglobin， venetoclax plasma trough concentration， hematocrit， and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were independent factors affecting patient efficacy （ P ＜0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of plasma trough concentration of venetoclax for predicting patient efficacy （assessed as CR） was 1.68 μg/mL （AUC＝0.66， 95%CI： 0.54-0.78， P ＝0.014）. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable inter-individual variability in plasma trough concentration of venetoclax among AML patients. Plasma trough concentration of venetoclax is significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase， total bilirubin， and white blood cell count. Plasma trough concentration of venetoclax is an independent factor affecting patient’s efficacy， and when the cut-off value for predicting CR is above 1.68 μg/mL， better effects may be achieved.

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) enables the determination of high-resolution three-dimensional structures of macromolecular complexes within cells in a near-physiological state, providing crucial structural insights into fundamental life processes. Cryo-ET has achieved landmark successes in single-cell models. However, many critical biological processes do not occur in isolated cells but emerge from intercellular coordination within tissues. Furthermore, many research subjects, including neural tissues, tumor biopsies, plant tissues, and clinical pathological samples, cannot be obtained through single-cell culture and must be directly dissected from organisms or tissue blocks. Advancing cryo-ET from single-cell to tissue-level applications is therefore crucial for capturing the full complexity of biological activities in their native context. A major technical bottleneck for tissue cryo-ET lies in the preparation of sufficiently thin (<300 nm) lamellae from vitrified tissue specimens. Although high-pressure freezing can vitrify tissues up to 200 µm thick, these samples are far too thick for direct transmission electron microscopy imaging. Among the available thinning methods, cryo-focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) milling has emerged as the most promising approach, as it avoids the mechanical artifacts inherent to cryo-ultramicrotomy. However, conventional on-the-grid cryo-FIB milling is inefficient for thick tissues, requiring excessive milling time and discarding most of the sample. To overcome these limitations, cryo-lift-out has been developed—a technique in which a micromanipulator physically extracts a chunk of interest from deep within the tissue and transfers it to a dedicated grid for final thinning. This approach bypasses the thickness barrier and enables site-specific analysis of internal structures. This review systematically traces the evolution of cryo-lift-out from its origins in materials science to its adaptation for biological tissues. In room-temperature lift-out, reliable attachment is achieved by gas-injection system (GIS)-assisted metal deposition. Transferring this approach to cryogenic conditions proved challenging because precursor gases condense on all cold surfaces, leading to contamination and poor adhesion. The development of copper-assisted redeposition marked a critical turning point: instead of relying on gas deposition, this method uses ion-beam sputtering to deposit copper atoms at the needle-chunk interface, creating a strong, low-contamination bond. This innovation has enabled robust cryo-lift-out workflows and paved the way for serial lift-out, in which multiple consecutive lamellae are prepared from a single tissue chunk, substantially increasing throughput and enabling volumetric imaging. Despite these advances, several technical challenges remain. Curtaining effects caused by uneven chunk surfaces can introduce artifacts into tomograms, requiring careful optimization of milling parameters and protective coating. The cryo-adhesion step still demands precise control of beam angle, needle positioning, and milling depth, making the process highly operator-dependent. Additionally, the choice of grid geometry is critical. Custom-designed grids with double-sided attachment improves stability and offer better compatibility with cryo-ET tilt series. Automation, which has greatly improved room-temperature lift-out, has not yet been achieved for cryo-lift-out due to the complexity of handling heterogeneous biological tissues and the need for real-time adaptation. Future progress will likely focus on integrating cryo-lift-out with volume electron microscopy to correlate ultrastructure across scales, developing intelligent control systems to reduce user intervention, and extending the technology to challenging samples such as plant tissues and some material science samples for interface study. A systematic analysis of the cryo-lift-out technique clarifies the key limiting factors for its large-scale application and lays a foundation for methodological refinement and technological innovation. By consolidating recent advances and identifying remaining bottlenecks, this review aims to support the broader adoption of cryo-lift-out and accelerate the development of tissue-scale in situ structural biology.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and provide a basis for developing improved prevention and control measures. Methods Data were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Malaria surveillance data for Nanning City from January 1,2023, to December 31,2024, were exported from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management Subsystem. The characteristics of the two groups of malaria cases were compared. Results A total of 103 imported malaria cases were reported in Nanning City in 2024, representing a 38.32% decrease compared with the same period of the previous year. No statistically significant difference were observed between cases reported in 2023 and 2024 in terms of average age, gender ratio, proportion of parasite species, and monthly reporting distribution;however, statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of reporting areas and current residence areas(χ2= 13.572 and 10.355, respectively; P = 0.001 and 0.035, respectively). The proportion of cases reported in Shanglin County and the proportion of cases residing in Shanglin County were both lower than those during the same period of the previous year. Conclusions The high aggregation of imported malaria cases in Nanning City has decreased. Medical institutions in areas other than Shanglin County should strengthen their vigilance against malaria.

To analyze the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of clinical Salmonella isolates from multiple centers across China.

OBJECTIVE To analyze adverse drug reactions （ADRs） in pediatric patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP）， and investigate the influential factors associated with the occurrence of ADRs. METHODS Clinical records of pediatric patients with MPP in Xinxiang Central Hospital （hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”） from Oct. 1st， 2023 to Sept. 30th， 2024 collected from the Hospital Information System were retrospectively reviewed using the global trigger tool （GTT）. The positive triggers were further reviewed to confirm the occurrence of ADRs， and the characteristics of those ADRs were analyzed. The children were divided into the ADR group and the non-ADR group. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the potential influential factors for ADRs in MPP children. RESULTS A total of 1 325 MPP children were included. Out of 24 designed triggers， 14 were positive， with a positive trigger rate of 58.3%. There were 1 301 positive trigger cases， involving 846 pediatric patients. After assessment， 399 cases of ADRs were identified in 372 pediatric patients， yielding a positive predictive value of triggers at 30.7%. The main types of ADRs were abnormal blood cells （230 cases， 57.6%）， skin and its appendages damage （78 cases， 19.5%）， and gastrointestinal system damage （42 cases， 10.5%）， which predominantly occurred 4 days or more， within 2-3 days and within 2-3 days after medication， respectively. They were more prevalent in pediatric patients aged＞3-10 years （295 cases， 79.3%）. The major categories of drugs associated with ADRs included intravenous corticosteroids （209 cases）， cephalosporins （180 cases）， macrolides （38 cases）， tetracyclines （28 cases） and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） injections （28 cases）. These ADR reports were classified into 3 types： 1 serious case， 394 general cases and 4 new cases. In terms of causality assessment， 1 case was assessed as certain， 19 cases as probable， and 379 cases as possible. In terms of ADR outcomes， 151 cases fully recovered， while the outcomes for 248 cases remained unknown. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of allergies [OR＝5.231， 95%CI （2.004， 13.656）， P＜0.05]， the number of medications used [OR＝1.064， 95%CI （1.027， 1.103）， P＜0.05]， and intravenous corticosteroid administration [OR＝3.223， 95%CI （2.341， 4.437）， P＜0.05] were independent risk factors of ADRs in pediatric patients with MPP. The use of azithromycin [OR＝0.544， 95%CI （0.376， 0.786）， P＜0.05] was identified as an independent protective factor against the occurrence of ADRs in pediatric patients with MPP. CONCLUSIONS Children with MPP in our hospital exhibit a higher incidence of ADRs， primarily involving abnormal blood cells， skin and its appendages damage， and gastrointestinal system damage. A history of allergies， the number of medications used， intravenous corticosteroid administration， and the use of azithromycin are associated with the occurrence of ADR in MPP pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND:Ossification of the ligamentum flavum was previously considered to be rare in the population.As research has progressed,its incidence rate is increasing gradually,which has aroused the interest of a large number of researchers. OBJECTIVE:To visualize and analyze the research results on ossification of the ligamentum flavum from the Web of Science Core Collection since 1999 using bibliometric methods,and to review the research history of ossification of the ligamentum flavum,highlighting important literature,summarizing research hotspots,and providing ideas for researchers to find research directions. METHODS:Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source,relevant papers on ossification of the ligamentum flavum were searched and screened.VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R6 were used to conduct the visual analysis of annual publication volume,research countries,institutions,citations,journals,authors,and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 347 papers were included.Since 1999,the number of published papers has increased in a spiral pattern.China's research started later than Japan's,but the number of publications has come up later,with Peking University being the institution with the most publications,and Prof.Chen Zhongqiang from Peking University being the scholar with the most publications.(2)Five of the 10 most frequently cited publications were related to the surgical treatment of the disease.(3)Excluding keywords directly related to the research topic and synthetically analyzing frequencies and betweenness centralities of key words,terms such as"thoracic myelopathy,""dural ossification,""minimally invasive surgery,"and"ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament"occupied a central position in this field.(4)Keywords clustering analysis showed that clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum accounted for a large proportion of study.(5)The timeline and burst analysis of keywords revealed that"minimally invasive surgery"appeared as a keyword around 2015,with the highest burst strength and the latest burst start time,and began to receive extensive attention from researchers in 2019.The burst of the keyword"dural ossification"has not yet ended.(6)Surgical treatment for ossification of the ligamentum flavum has been at the forefront of research.Development and research of minimally invasive surgery and research on dural ossification secondary to ossification of the ligamentum flavum are both current research hotspots and possible future research trends.

Objective To determine the content and distribution characteristics of the artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs and the natural radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K in wild edible fungi, and calculate the committed effective dose due to ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb in wild edible fungi. Methods Thirty samples of wild edible fungi were collected and their caps and stems were separated. A total of 60 samples were measured for ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K using a BE5030 wide-energy, low-background, high-purity germanium γ spectrometer. The paired analysis of the four radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁴⁰K was performed using SPSS 11.5. Results Among the 60 samples, the detection rates and dry weight specific activity ranges of ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K were 97% and 0.62-384 Bq/kg, 73% and 6.4-159 Bq/kg, 52% and 0.7-28.8 Bq/kg, 5% and 0.43-2.18 Bq/kg and 100% and （77.4-264) × 10 Bq/kg, respectively. Conclusion Based on the analysis of the 60 samples, the detection rate of radionuclides is in the order of ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, and ²²⁸Ra. In terms of the specific activity, the distribution of ⁴⁰K and ²²⁶Ra in wild edible fungi in the same region is basically uniform, while the content of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs fluctuates in different samples. Although ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb can be detected in most of the wild edible fungi, the annual committed effective dose due to ingestion of wild edible fungi is negligible.

OBJECTIVE: To explore a case of abnormal fetal development due to a rare paternal t(10;14)(p11.2;p11) translocation. METHODS: A fetus undergoing prenatal diagnosis at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital on June 21,2024 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data were collected. Amniotic fluid sample of the fetus and peripheral venous blood samples of its parents were collected for chromosomal karyotyping and copy number variation (CNV) analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: 2024-132). RESULTS: Ultrasound scan at 23⁺⁴ gestational weeks revealed nasal bone dysplasia. Amniotic fluid analysis revealed that the fetus has a karyotype of 46,X?,der(14)t(10;14)(p11.2;p11)dpat, while its father had a 46,XY,t(10;14)(p11.2;p11) karyotype. No chromosomal abnormality was found in its mother. CNV analysis revealed that the fetus had a 30.46 Mb duplication in the 10p15.3-p11.23 region. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the duplication was classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION By combining conventional cytogenetic methods with molecular techniques, the fetus was diagnosed with partial trisomy 10p syndrome caused by a rare paternal t(10;14)(p11.2;p11) translocation. Above finding holds significant clinical value for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the family.
Humans ; Translocation, Genetic ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Phenotype ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics* ; Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Karyotyping ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics* ; Fetus/abnormalities*

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between artificial radionuclide 137Cs and stable cesium (Cs) in wild edible fungi and seek potential correlations. Methods:A total of 30 samples, including the caps (with gills) and stipes of wild edible fungi, were collected from the northeastern region of China. The measurement and analysis of 137Cs were conducted following recommended procedures in GB/T 16145-2022, and stable Cs was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Then, the correlation analysis of data on 137Cs and stable Cs was performed using SPSS 11.5 software, and scatter plots were prepared using the Origin 21.0 software. Results:The fungi caps exhibited a specific activity of 137Cs ranging from 0.52 to 55.9 Bq/kg (dry weight) and a stable Cs content from 0.069 mg/kg to 16.2 mg/kg (dry weight). The stipes showed a specific activity of 137Cs ranging from 0.53 Bq/kg to 101 Bq/kg (dry weight) and a stable Cs content from 0.075 to 11.5 mg/kg (dry weight). These data revealed a significant correlation between the specific activity of 137Cs and the stable cesium content in all samples including caps and stipes, with correlation coefficients r of 0.956, 0.912, and 0.931, respectively, and all significant levels P < 0.01. The ratios of the specific activity of 137Cs to stable Cs content varied from 2.09 Bq/kg to 20.1 Bq/kg (dry weight), with an average of 10.7 Bq/kg (dry weight). Conclusions:Wild edible fungi fail to distinguish between 137Cs and stable cesium when absorbing Cs elements from their growing substrates. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the specific activity of 137Cs and stable Cs content. In the case of exogenous 137Cs contamination, the ratio of the specific activity of 137Cs and stable Cs content will significantly change. Therefore, an increase in the ratio can be used as a reference for identifying 137Cs contamination events.