BACKGROUND:In the field of tissue engineering,decellularized scaffolds are widely used owing to their biocompatibility.Nonetheless,these scaffolds frequently encounter the limitation of inadequate cell infiltration due to their densely structured composition.Using laser micro-patterning technology for structural modification can improve cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds in tissue regeneration.METHODS:Related literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"decellularized scaffold,laser micro-patterning technology,laser microporous decellularized scaffold,extracellular matrix,laser drilling,tissue regeneration."References were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 65 articles were finally included for analysis and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Laser micro-patterning technology can selectively remove tissues to achieve scaffold modification.Laser treatment can have controllable effects on the pore structure,mechanical properties and cell permeability of the scaffold.(2)To obtain the optimal cell integration and remodeling effect,factors such as scaffold pretreatment,laser and decellularization process sequence,laser parameter setting,decellularization process and pore structure should be considered.(3)At present,the application of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds has shown that it can promote tissue repair,and it is also necessary to solve the problem of tissue thermal damage.Depending on the absorption of different wavelengths of laser light by the tissue,a reasonable selection of laser type is a feasible solution.(4)Tissue damage repair by laser microporous decellularized scaffold is expected to achieve clinical transformation,and optimizing laser technology and carrying out larger scale biosafety testing are future research directions.

BACKGROUND:In the field of tissue engineering,decellularized scaffolds are widely used owing to their biocompatibility.Nonetheless,these scaffolds frequently encounter the limitation of inadequate cell infiltration due to their densely structured composition.Using laser micro-patterning technology for structural modification can improve cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds in tissue regeneration.METHODS:Related literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI databases.The Chinese and English search terms were"decellularized scaffold,laser micro-patterning technology,laser microporous decellularized scaffold,extracellular matrix,laser drilling,tissue regeneration."References were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 65 articles were finally included for analysis and discussion.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Laser micro-patterning technology can selectively remove tissues to achieve scaffold modification.Laser treatment can have controllable effects on the pore structure,mechanical properties and cell permeability of the scaffold.(2)To obtain the optimal cell integration and remodeling effect,factors such as scaffold pretreatment,laser and decellularization process sequence,laser parameter setting,decellularization process and pore structure should be considered.(3)At present,the application of laser microporous decellularized scaffolds has shown that it can promote tissue repair,and it is also necessary to solve the problem of tissue thermal damage.Depending on the absorption of different wavelengths of laser light by the tissue,a reasonable selection of laser type is a feasible solution.(4)Tissue damage repair by laser microporous decellularized scaffold is expected to achieve clinical transformation,and optimizing laser technology and carrying out larger scale biosafety testing are future research directions.

Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus is a Chinese medicinal material used for clearing heat， detoxicifying， resolving phlegm， and dissipating nodules. It is derived from Cremastra appendiculata， Pleione bulbocodioides， or Pleione yunnanensis， as recorded in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China， with the former known as Maocigu and the latter two known as Bingqiuzi. Current antitumor studies mainly focus on polysaccharides， water-extracted alcohol-precipitated fractions， and purified extracts of C. appendiculata. Structurally characterized glucomannans suppress breast and liver tumor xenografts and exhibit immunomodulatory effects. The water-extracted alcohol-precipitated fractions inhibit tumor angiogenesis in hepatoma-bearing mice. A purified C. appendiculata extract standardized to five phenanthrene and bibenzyl constituents induces mitochondrial apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Reported pharmacological effects involve cell-cycle regulation， apoptosis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition， angiogenesis， autophagy， and the tumor immune microenvironment， with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR）， Wnt/β-catenin， and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathways being the major mechanism links. Quality evaluation of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus has progressed from single-marker assays to an integrated approach involving botanical authentication， chromatographic fingerprinting， multicomponent analysis， and evaluation of associations between blood-absorbed constituents and antitumor effects. Militarine and dactylorhin A can be used for botanical identification and batch evaluation， and in vivo exposure data from related orchids are concentrated on militarine. Quantitative associations between these constituents and antitumor effects remain to be established. Clinical evidence mainly focuses on formula-based applications and expert experience. Comparative antitumor data in hepatoma models are available for the commercial specifications of Maocigu and Bingqiuzi， whereas parallel evaluations of pharmacological effects， safety windows， and drug interactions among the three official botanical origins remain insufficient. The major limitations are the incomplete standardization of botanical origins and preparations and the lack of quantitative links among quality markers， systemic exposure， antitumor effects， and toxicity endpoints， which constrain reproducible pharmacological evaluation and clinical translation of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus/Pleiones Pseudobulbus.

⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation has the unique advantages of high efficiency， strong penetration， operation at room temperature and no residue， which has been widely used in the sterilization of Chinese medicinal materials， decoction pieces， Chinese patent medicine. However， the irradiation effect may cause changes in the content of chemical components in Chinese materia medica or the emergence of new radiolysis products， leading to reduced efficacy and uncontrollable safety risks. This paper reviewed the relevant literature at home and abroad， summarized the effect of irradiation sterilization on various types of chemical compositions of Chinese medicinal materials and their preparations， and analyzed and explored the rule of change. The results showed that the content changes of various chemical components in Chinese materia medica after ⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation sterilization varied. The contents of most flavonoids， terpenoids， phenylpropanoids and quinones decreased after irradiation， and the degree of decrease increased with the elevated irradiation dose. The contents of lignans， alkaloids， isoflavones and some terpenoids did not change significantly before and after irradiation， while the content changes of triterpenoid saponins， dihydroflavonols， chalcones， sugars and glycosides after irradiation were not yet uniform. Therefore， it is recommended to pay attention to the compositional changes of irradiated Chinese medicines， strengthen the research on the standards of irradiated Chinese medicines， and standardize the irradiation and sterilization of Chinese medicines in order to promote the healthy and rational application of irradiated Chinese medicines.

[Objective]To sort out and correct the situations where TANG Rongchuan's Xuezheng Lun(Treatise on Blood Syndromes)mistakenly identified"Qianren"and"Quanpi"as other herbs or losing.[Methods]By searching the Airusheng Chinese Basic Classics Library,the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library's ancient books and Republican-era thread-bound book digitization platform,and the Ancient Books Database of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Library,the publication status of"Qianren"and"Quanpi"in Xuezheng Lun was statistically analyzed.By searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Duxiu databases for papers and monographs that cited relevant paragraphs and contained errors,the errors of"Qianren"and"Quanpi"being mistaken for other medicines or omitted were analyzed.By searching local county annals and medical works,and combining this with the analysis of inferring the names of medicines based on their effects,the medicines referred to by"Qianren"and"Quanpi"were identified.[Results]At least 22 academic papers and 39 monographs contain errors such as"Louren""Yiren""Taoren"or missing for"Qianren",and"Danpi""Chenpi"or missing for"Quanpi".This error first appeared in the process of compiling the single edition of Xuezheng Lun from the Five Kinds of Chinese and Western Medical Books by Shanghai Health Publishing House in 1958,and the lead-printed edition by Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House in 1959,which was derived from this version,had been widely circulated after becoming a popular edition of Xuezheng Lun,resulting in this error being passed down for more than sixty years.The spread of errors takes two forms:vertical direct quotation and horizontal transfer citation,with phenomena such as"correct and incorrect mixtures"and"error modification"during the transmission process.In the book Xuezheng Lun,"Qianren"refers to"Cheqianren"in short,and"Quanpi"is another name for"Digupi".[Conclusion]Negligence and arbitrary changes in the citation of literature are the deep reasons for TANG Rongchuan's Xuezheng Lun mistakenly identifying the drugs"Qianren"and"Quanpi"as other drugs or missing,making the original errors to be perpetuated,even passed down through annotations.Scholars should verify multiple sources when citing literature to avoid misquotation.

Objective To explore the risk factors influencing the course of lobar pneumonia in children and construct a nomogram model.Methods A total of 552 hospitalized children diagnosed with lobar pneumonia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from January 2018 to June 2024 were selected as research subjects.According to the length of hospital stay,they were divided into long-course group(≥ 10 days,160 cases)and short-course group(＜10 days,392 cases).The clinical data of two groups of children were statistically analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the length of hospital stay of children with lobar pneumonia.A nomogram model was constructed and verified.Results The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that heat peak,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),mixed infection,and pulmonary complications were all independent risk factors affecting the hospital stay of children with lobar pneumonia(P＜0.05),bronchoalveolar lavage was a protective factor for hospital stay of children with lobar pneumonia(P＜0.05).The nomogram model was constructed,and areas under the curves of the training set and the test set were 0.915 and 0.898,respectively.The calibration curve of the nomogram drawn by the Bootstrap method basically matches the actual curve.The clinical decision curve showed that the nomogram model could achieve clinical net benefits when the threshold was between 0.010 and 0.890.Conclusion Mixed pathogen infections,intrapulmonary complications,elevated LDH,and high fever are independent risk factors for prolonged hospitalization(≥ 10 days)in children with lobar pneumonia.The constructed nomogram model exhibits excellent discriminative ability,calibration,and clinical utility.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

OBJECTIVE: Objective To investigate the relationship between cervical disc herniation and C₀-C₂ Cobb angle. METHODS: The clinical data of 301 patients with cervical disc herniation from 2020 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The median value of C₀-C₂ Cobb angle measurements from 301 patients was used as the boundary, cervical disc herniation patients were divided into two groups, C₀-C₂ Cobb angle <28.50 group and 151 patients with C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50 group. Among them, 150 patients in C₀-C₂ Cobb angle <28.50 group included 53 males and 97 females, aged 23 to 76 (57.32±12.55) years, with a disease duration of 7 to 19 (13.81±5.32) months;the othor 151 patients with C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50 group including 61 males and 90 females, aged 25 to 74 (56.86±12.51) years, with a disease duration of 8 to 18 (14.13±5.56) months. The cervical lordosis angle (C₀-C₂ Cobb angle and C₂-C₇ Cobb angle), T₁ inclination slope (T₁S) and cervical sagittal axial distance (C₂-C₇ SVA) were measured on the lateral cervical radiographs. The correlation between C₀-C₂ Cobb angle and cervical disc herniation range, protrusion position, average protrusion size and other parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: When the C₀-C₂ Cobb angle<28.50°, the average protrusion size was (2.21±0.56) mm, the C₂-C₇ Cobb angle was (19.92±12.06)° and the C₂-C₇ SVA was (1.10±1.20) mm. When the C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50°, the average protrusion size was (2.38±0.60) mm, the C₂-C₇ Cobb angle was (12.01±13.09 )°, the C₂-C₇ SVA was (1.53±1.36) mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Between the two groups of patients with C₀-C₂ Cobb angle < 28.50° and C₀-C₂ Cobb angle≥28.50°, there were significant differences in the size of C_3,4, C_4,5, C_5,6, C_6,7, C₇, T₁ disc herniation in single segment (P<0.05 ). C₀-C₂ Cobb angle was correlated with age(r=-0.135, P<0.05 ), C₂-C₇ Cobb angle (r=-0.382, P<0.01 ), C₂-C₇ SVA (r=0.293, P<0.01), average protrusion size (r=0.139, P<0.05), and the size of C_3,4 (r=0.215, P<0.01 ), C_4,5 (r=0.176, P<0.01 ), C_5,6 (r=0.144, P<0.05 ), C_6,7 (r=0.158, P<0.05 ), C₇T₁ (r=0.535, P<0.05) disc herniation. CONCLUSION There is a positive correlation between C₀-C₂ Cobb angle and the size of cervical disc herniation. C₀-C₂ Cobb angle can reflect the degree of cervical disc herniation. Previous studies have shown that the biomechanical changes between C₀-C₂ Cobb angle, C₂-C₇ Cobb angle, C₂-C₇ SVA and cervical extensor muscle group may be risk factors for accelerating cervical disc herniation and this may be one of the mechanisms that C₀-C₂ Cobb angle is positively correlated with the size of cervical disc herniation.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.009.].

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*