Compared to traditional machine learning algorithms,which often suffer from low feature extraction efficiency,insufficient nonlinear pattern recognition capabilities and slow training speeds,the broad learning system(BLS)enhances the learning ability and efficiency by horizontally expanding the network structure.BLS offers advantages such as a simple structure,fast training speed,and strong generalization capabilities.While BLS has demonstrated potential in various fields,but its application in identification of complex samples has not been fully explored.This research investigated the feasibility of using BLS algorithm for identification of complex samples based on physicochemical indicators.Using the iris,wine,and breast cancer datasets,the length and width of petals and sepals of iris flowers,the physicochemical properties of wine,and the nuclear characteristics of breast cancer cells were used as input variables to establish BLS models for identifying iris species,wine varieties,and benign versus malignant nucleus.The model performance was evaluated by confusion matrices,accuracy,and runtime.Compared with partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),soft independent modeling of class analogies(SIMCA),and artificial neural networks(ANN),the results indicated that BLS demonstrated significant advantages in computational efficiency and recognition accuracy.Thus,BLS was an efficient and reliable method for identification of complex samples.

BACKGROUND:The treatment of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fractures in young adults is extremely difficult.When treating Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fractures with internal fixation,it is not only necessary to ensure the mechanical stability of the internal fixation,but also to ensure that it can resist the impact of shear,compression and tension,so as to prevent the internal fixation from breaking or loosening due to fatigue during the fracture healing process.However,existing internal fixation methods do not fully meet our requirements for the treatment of this fracture.OBJECTIVE:To provide a more reasonable and effective choice of internal fixation mode for clinicians in the treatment of young adults with Pauwels type Ⅲfemoral neck fracture,so as to optimize the treatment effect,reduce the occurrence of complications,and improve the recovery speed and quality of life of patients.METHODS:A femoral neck fracture model with Pauwels angle of 70° was constructed using CT data extracted from volunteers,and three placement modes were set up:(1)femoral neck system group:the main nail of femoral neck system was located in the center of the femoral neck axis.(2)Combination group:The main nail of femoral neck system was located in the lower third of the femoral neck axis,and a cannulated compression screw was located in the upper third of the femoral neck axis.(3)Cannulated compression screw group:The arrangement of three cannulated compression screws was arranged in the classic inverted triangle shape to ensure the maximum fixed effect.Stress distribution and displacement of proximal femoral fracture fragments and internal fixation devices were analyzed under three different internal fixation methods.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The stress of the proximal femur models in the three groups was concentrated near the fracture line:combination group(201.10 MPa)＜femoral neck system group(222.25 MPa)＜cannulated compression screw group(271.25 MPa).(2)The peak value of proximal femur displacement was located at the top:combination group(6.33 mm)＜femoral neck system group(9.37 mm)＜cannulated compression screw group(9.92 mm).(3)The internal fixation stress was concentrated on the screw surface at the broken end of the fracture and gradually extended from there to both sides;cannulated compression screw group(136.67 MPa)＜combination group(201.10 MPa)＜femoral neck system group(222.25 MPa).(4)The maximum displacement of the internal fixation device model was located at the very top of the internal fixation.The three groups gradually decreased from the top to the far end.The peak displacement values of combination group(6.21 mm)＜femoral neck system group(9.19 mm)＜cannulated compression screw group(9.51 mm).(5)The stress of proximal bone mass in the three models was mainly concentrated in the fracture end,especially in the lower part of the fracture end.This indicates that these regions were subjected to greater stress and strain during mechanical transfer;combination group(24.96 MPa)＜femoral neck system group(39.69 MPa)＜cannulated compression screw group(44.47 MPa).(6)The results indicate that the internal fixation strategy of femoral neck system combined with cannulated compression screw arranged in parallel coronal surface shows higher biomechanical stability than single femoral neck system fixation or cannulated compression screw in inverted triangle arrangement fixation,and provides a more reliable and effective solution for the treatment of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture in young adults.

Objective To identify biomarkers that characterize its bitter-cold properties of Scutellaria Radix on the basis of evaluating its cold and hot properties,as well as possible metabolic pathways and related targets;To explore its molecular mechanism.Methods Totally 40 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,and were orally administered with normal saline and Scutellaria Radix decoction,respectively,for 4 consecutive days.The cold and hot plate differential method was used to evaluate the cold and hot tendencies of the mice;UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to analyze mouse blood samples,differential metabolites were screened using principal component analysis,partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis methods,and metabolic pathway analysis was performed;network modular analysis of differential metabolites was performed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software to identify potential molecular targets.Results On the second day of administration,the anal temperature of mice in the treatment group decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.01);in the cold and hot tendency test,the mice in the treatment group showed an overall increase in high-temperature tendency and a higher proportion of high-temperature zone retention.There was a statistically significant difference(P<0.01,P<0.05)between the treatment group and the control group on the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment;the pattern recognition analysis of serum metabolome data showed that the serum samples of the treatment group and the control group could be completely separated,and a total of 14 differential metabolites were screened out;metabolic pathway analysis identified 16 related pathways,including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism,citric acid cycle(TCA cycle),arachidonic acid metabolism,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,etc.;a total of 16 modules were obtained through network modular analysis,among which the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and linoleic acid metabolism pathway modules were larger;the nodal degree values of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid were greater than the mean,involving arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism pathways;by screening 26 genes associated with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system were obtained.Conclusion Scutellaria Radix may regulate the body's energy metabolism,achieve its biological effects,and characterize its medicinal properties by intervening in metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL) in treating the chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients with main pancreatic duct (MPD) stones and to analyze the influencing factors of success of lithotripsy.Methods:Clinical data of 132 patients with CP complicated with MPD stones treated with P-ESWL in the Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 103 males and 29 females, aged (50.3±16.9) years. The times of P-ESWL, the success rate of stone fragmentation, the necessity of combining endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograhy (ERCP), clearance rate of MPD stones, and incidence of post-P-ESWL complications (acute pancreatitis, abdominal hematoma, infection, steinstrasse, perforation, etc.) were evaluated. The factors influencing the success rate of lithotripsy were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results:All patients underwent P-ESWL treatment, with (2.23±0.82) times of P-ESWL per person. The success rate of stone fragmentation was 87.1%(115/132). Of 107 CP patients (81.1%, 107/132) were treated with their first P-ESWL. Of 12 patients (9.1%, 12/132) underwent single P-ESWL, and 120 (90.9%, 120/132) underwent P-ESWL combined with ERCP. There were 95 cases (72.0%, 95/132) with effective removal of stones, and 62 (47.0%, 62/132) with complete removal of stones. Post-P-ESWL complications included eight cases (6.1%, 8/132) of acute pancreatitis, two (7.6%, 2/132) of steinstrasse complicated with acute pancreatitis and one (0.8%, 1/132) of abdominal hematoma. No infection or perforation occurred. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher CT value of stones ( OR=1.239, 95% CI: 1.040-1.477, P=0.017) was associated with the lower success rate of stone fragmentation. Conclusion:P-ESWL is safe and effective in treating patients with CP complicated with MPD stones. The CT value of stones is a risk factor for the success rate of P-ESWL.

Objective:To investigate and summarize the imaging and pathological features of non-acute occlusion following flow diverter (FD) implantation in animal models.Methods:Four experimental pigs (experimental group) that experienced non-acute occlusion (occlusion time exceeding 24 hours) within the FD stent implanted in the common carotid artery, and 19 pigs (control group) that did not experience stent occlusion during the same period were involved. Using an interventional approach under digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the 4 occluded FD lumens were mechanically opened. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histopathological examinations were performed to evaluate the intraluminal composition and characteristics of the occlusive tissues. These findings were compared with non-occluded FD stents to summarize the imaging and pathological changes within the occluded FD lumen.Results:The occlusion times of the FD stents in the 4 experimental pigs were 16 weeks, 20 weeks, 20 weeks, and 24 weeks postoperatively. All occluded stents were successfully recanalized under DSA, with a technical success rate of 4/4. Among the 19 non-occluded FD stents, OCT and IVUS revealed uniform (16 stents) or non-uniform (3 stents) neointimal coverage of the stent struts, presenting as homogeneous high/slightly high signal intensity or medium echogenicity. Histopathological examination indicated that the neointima was primarily composed of smooth muscle cells and a small amount of fibrous connective tissues. In contrast, the 4 occluded FD stents demonstrated excessive neointimal proliferation and plaque formation, leading to luminal loss, as shown by OCT and IVUS. The occlusion tissues predominantly presented as homogeneous high signal intensity with weak attenuation (fibrous plaques) on OCT, with some regions showing blurred low signal intensity and strong attenuation (lipid plaques). IVUS presented homogeneous echogenicity (fibrous plaques) and hypoechogenic zones (lipid plaques). Histopathological examination showed that the occlusion tissues mainly consisted of smooth muscle cells, fibrous connective tissues, and lipids, accompanied by numerous foam cells and a minor presence of inflammatory cells.Conclusions:Histopathological examinations confirm that non-acute occlusion of FD is mainly caused by excessive hyperplasia of intima along with the formation of fibrous plaques and lipid plaques. OCT and IVUS have typical finding in imaging that can assist in determining the cause of stent occlusion as well as the lesion's nature, thereby providing crucial guidance for subsequent clinical treatment and drug selection.

Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.

Objective To explore the role of ring finger protein 41(RNF41)in the initiation and progression of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The expression levels of RNF41 mRNA and protein in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 84 CHOL patients who underwent total surgical resection at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Kunming Ganmei Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016 were analyzed using bioinformatics,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.The TIMER 2.0 database was used to analyze the impact of RNF41 on the prognosis and survival of CHOL patients and the relationship between RNF41 and tumor clinical characteristics.RNF41 siRNA was transfected into HCC9810,RBE,and HUCCT1 cells.CCK-8,Edu,colony formation,and Western blot assays were conducted to evaluate the changes in proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells between the RNF41 knockdown group and the control group.Transwell assays and detection of EMT and migration markers were performed to assess changes in the invasion ability of cholangiocarcinoma cells between the RNF41 knockdown and control groups.Western blot was used to examine the effect of RNF41 knockdown on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cholangiocarcinoma cells.Twelve BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups:a control group and an RNF41 knockdown group,with six mice in each group.Tumor formation assays,Western blot assays,and immunohistochemistry staining were carried out to investigate the effect of RNF41 knockdown on tumor growth in nude mice.Results Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of RNF41 mRNA in cholangiocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues(P<0.01),and this trend was corroborated at the protein level by immunohistochemical staining.Using the TIMER 2.0 database,we further analyzed the correlation between RNF41 expression and clinicopathological features,including histological grade,tumor stage,lymph node metastasis,and patient survival.The results indicated that elevated RNF41 expression was significantly associated with advanced histological grade and lymph node metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma(P<0.01).Survival analysis demonstrated that high RNF41 expression was closely linked to poor prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL).Functional assays,including CCK-8,EdU incorporation,and colony formation,showed that RNF41 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells compared with the control group.Western blot analysis revealed that,following RNF41 silencing,the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)marker E-cadherin was markedly upregulated,whereas the levels of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and MMP9 were significantly reduced(P<0.05).These findings were consistent with the results obtained from in vitro experiments(P<0.01).Moreover,in vivo studies showed that RNF41 knockdown suppressed subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice(P<0.05).Conclusion RNF41 plays a critical role in promoting the occurrence and progression of cholangiocarcinoma and is closely associated with adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in patients.The knockdown of RNF41 effectively suppresses the proliferation,invasion,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and tumorigenicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells.

Ferroptosis has received great attention as an iron-dependent programmed cell death for efficient cancer therapy. However, with the accumulation of iron in tumor cells, the antioxidant system is activated by reducing glutathione (GSH) with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which critically limits the ferroptosis therapeutic effect. Herein, an iron and GPX4 silencing siRNA (siGPX4) co-encapsulated ferritin nanocage (HFn@Fe/siGPX4) was developed to enhance ferroptosis by disruption of redox homeostasis and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme synergistically. The siGPX4 were loaded into the nanocages by pre-incubated with iron, which could significantly improve the loading efficiency of the gene drugs when compared with the reported gene drug loading strategy by ferritin nanocages. And more iron was overloaded into the ferritin through the diffusion method. When HFn@Fe/siGPX4 was taken up by human breast cancer cell MCF-7 in a TfR1-mediated pathway, the excess iron ions in the drug delivery system could for one thing induce ferroptosis by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), for another promote siGPX4 escaping from the lysosome to exert gene silencing effect more effectively. Both the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that HFn@Fe/siGPX4 could significantly inhibit tumor growth by synergistical ferroptosis. Thus, the developed HFn@Fe/siGPX4 afforded a combined ferroptosis strategy for ferroptosis-based antitumor as well as a novel and efficient gene drug delivery system.