To systematically analyzed the reporting status of core elements in publicly available clinical practice guideline(hereafter referred to as "guideline") protocols published domestically and internationally over the past decade, identified existing problems, and provided evidence to inform the standardized writing and publication of future guideline protocols.

Myocardial infarction （MI） and osteoporosis （OP）， as two prevalent metabolic diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates， are respectively characterized by cardiovascular system dysfunction and bone homeostasis imbalance， collectively posing significant global public health challenges. While clinically often considered as independent diseases， recent studies have revealed shared pathological mechanisms between the two. This study initiated its exploration from the traditional Chinese medicine concept of the "heart-bone" axis， systematically analyzing the correlation between MI and OP from perspectives including hemodynamics， neuroendocrinology， calcium homeostasis， inflammation and vascular injury， as well as hormone levels. By discussing the pathological mechanisms of "heart disease affecting the bones and bone disease affecting the heart"， the study also elucidated advancements in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. The goal is to provide novel insights and methodologies for the prevention and treatment of "heart-bone comorbidities"， thereby facilitating comprehensive management of cardiovascular and skeletal diseases.

Myocardial infarction （MI） and osteoporosis （OP）， as two prevalent metabolic diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates， are respectively characterized by cardiovascular system dysfunction and bone homeostasis imbalance， collectively posing significant global public health challenges. While clinically often considered as independent diseases， recent studies have revealed shared pathological mechanisms between the two. This study initiated its exploration from the traditional Chinese medicine concept of the "heart-bone" axis， systematically analyzing the correlation between MI and OP from perspectives including hemodynamics， neuroendocrinology， calcium homeostasis， inflammation and vascular injury， as well as hormone levels. By discussing the pathological mechanisms of "heart disease affecting the bones and bone disease affecting the heart"， the study also elucidated advancements in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. The goal is to provide novel insights and methodologies for the prevention and treatment of "heart-bone comorbidities"， thereby facilitating comprehensive management of cardiovascular and skeletal diseases.

Health economics evidence plays an important role in linking clinical value evidence with health resource allocation decisions in the development of clinical practice guidelines. It can not only effectively balance clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility but also avoid forming "idealized" recommendations that are detached from the affordability of the healthcare system or the burden-bearing capacity of patients. To promote guideline developers to use health economics evidence more standardizedly and fully, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current application status, existing challenges, access channels, and application processes of health economics evidence in current guidelines, and on this basis, puts forward considerations and suggestions for strengthening and standardizing the application of health economics evidence in China's clinical practice guidelines.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulation of Shaoyaotang on glucose metabolism reprogramming of macrophages and the mechanism of this decoction in inhibiting macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype. MethodsHuman monocytic leukemia-1 （THP-1） cells were treated with 100 ng·L^-1 phorbol myristate acetate for induction of macrophages as the normal control group. The cells treated with 100 ng·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide combined with 20 ng·L^-1 interferon （IFN）-γ for induction of M1-type macrophages were taken as the M1 model group. M1-type macrophages were treated with the blank serum， Shaoyaotang-containing serum， 0.5 mol·L^-1 2-deoxy-D-glucose （2-DG）， and Shaoyaotang-containing serum + 2-DG， respectively. After intervention， the expression of CD86 and CD206 was examined by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， IL-10， and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β were assessed by ELISA. Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha （HIF-1α）， glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）， hexokinase 2 （HK2）， glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）， and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2，6-bisphosphatase 3 （PFKFB3）. ResultsCompared with that in the normal control group， the expression of CD86， the marker of M1-type macrophages， increased in the M1 model group and blank serum group （P<0.01）， which indicated that the M1 inflammatory model was established successfully. In addition， the M1 model group was observed with up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and glycolysis-related factors HIF-1α， GLUT1， HK2， GAPDH， and PFKFB3 （P<0.01）. Compared with the M1 model group， the Shaoyaotang-containing serum， 2-DG， and combined intervention groups showed decreased expression of CD86 （P<0.01）， down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and glycolysis-related factors HIF-1α， GLUT1， HK2， GAPDH， and PFKFB3 produced by M1-type macrophages （P<0.01）， increased expression of CD206 （marker of M2-type macrophages） （P<0.01）， and elevated levels of IL-10 and TGF-β produced by M2-type macrophages （P<0.01）. ConclusionShaoyaotang inhibits macrophage differentiation toward pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages and promotes the differentiation toward anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages by regulating glucose metabolism reprogramming. The evidence gives insights into new molecular mechanisms and targets for the treatment of ulcerative colitis with Shaoyaotang.

Integrated metabolomic and lipidomic profiling,utilizing liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS),has emerged as a pivotal strategy for biomarker discovery.However,the inherent polarity disparity between metabolites and lipids complicates simultaneous analysis.To address this,a dual-stationary phase polarity-extended liquid chromatography(PELC)system was developed,which surpassed conventional one-dimensional LC(1D-LC)by enabling comprehensive coverage of both polar and non-polar compounds within a single injection.This system enhanced chromatographic resolution,peak capacity,and throughput while minimizing analytical variability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles ubiquitously present in biofluids,had gained prominence as reservoirs of cancer biomarkers due to their cargo stability and pathophysiological relevance.Herein,the application of PELC-HRMS for concurrent metabolome-lipidome profiling in EVs was pioneered.A total of 193 metabolites were identified using this technique coupled with MS-DIAL software and Human Metabolome Database.Subsequently,this technique was employed to explore potential biomarkers for prostate cancer(PCa).Multivariate analysis identified 17 differentially abundant metabolites in PCa,implicating dysregulated pathways including purine metabolism,starch and sucrose metabolism,galactose metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.Notably,creatine(AUC=0.92)and DG 42:5(AUC=0.80)demonstrated robust diagnostic efficacy,attributable to their broad polarity ranges and EV-specific enrichment.This study established PELC as a high-fidelity platform for multi-omics integration in complex biospecimens,advancing mechanistic insights into metabolic rewiring and disease pathophysiology.

In the 1950s and 1960s,Japan's implementation of policies prioritizing economic develop-ment caused a lack of effective supervision over the discharge of industrial wastewater and exhaust gases,which led to the occurrence of the"Four Major Pollution Diseases",including Minamata disease,causing serious social and public health problems.To more effectively address public nuisances and pro-vide compensation to victims,the Japanese government gradually established an environmental damage compensation system with administrative relief characteristics since the 1970s.Through long-term prac-tice and system optimization,this system has evolved into a mature institutional framework with a clear division of labor and efficient collaboration.This paper systematically reviews the development process of Japan's environmental damage compensation system and deeply analyzes its legal frame-work and supporting policies,aiming to provide useful references for the construction and improve-ment of China's environmental damage compensation system.Meanwhile,through the case analysis of Minamata disease,the paper explores the specific mechanisms and effects in the compensation practices,further revealing the system's operational characteristics and implications,and providing a reference ba-sis for the construction of China's environmental governance legal system.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of methadone-related poisoning cases and provide a reference for forensic identification.Methods A total of 71 cases of methadone-related poisoning re-ported from 1998 to 2023 in China and 26 cases of methadone-related deaths reported from 2013 to 2018 in Italy were retrieved from databases including PubMed,Wanfang and CNKI.The general infor-mation,forensic pathological and toxicological characteristics were analyzed.Results Among the 71 methadone-related poisoning cases in China,there were 54 cases(76.06%)of poisoning without death and 17 cases(23.94%)of death from poisoning.There were 54 male cases(76.06%),and 51 cases(71.83%)aged 19 to 39 years old.There were 35 cases(49.30%)of poisoning caused by methadone alone,and 32 cases(45.07%)were poisoning caused by methadone combined with other substances or drugs including heroin and benzodiazepines.Most of the poisoned showed coma,respiratory depres-sion and miosis.Signs of asphyxia were often found by autopsy.The mass concentration of methadone detected in the blood of 6 deceased ranged from 0.112 to 3.000 mg/L.Among the 26 methadone-related deaths in Italy,22 cases were male(84.62%).There were 6 cases(23.08%)caused by methadone alone,and 20 cases(76.92%)died from methadone combined with other substances or drugs.The mass concentration of methadone in blood ranged from 0.181 to 4.059 mg/L.Conclusion The propor-tions of poisoning cases caused by methadone alone and methadone combined with other substances or drugs are comparable in China.The majority of deceased caused by methadone poisoning shows typi-cal triad of coma,respiratory depression and miosis,which helps forensic experts determine the cause of death related to methadone.Additionally,it is necessary to increase the routine testing of the con-centration of methadone and its combined substances or drugs in deceased,and collect data for the in-terpretation of the results of related cases.

Objective:To analyze the symptoms,diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract calculi patients combined with mild and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)after ureteral stent implantation.Methods:One hundred and six BPH pa-tients who were hospitalized for upper urinary tract calculi and had ureteral stents retained from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected and divided into 2 weeks group and 4 weeks group according to the time of removal of ureteral stents after surgery.Their gener-al clinical data were analyzed and compared.International Prostatic Symptom Scale(IPSS),postoperative ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire(USSQ),and incidence of adverse events after ureteral stent removal were recorded before and after removal.Results:The scores of IPSS were significantly increased in all patients,and symptoms in urinary tract had improved significantly after discharge(P＜0.05).Compared with the 2 weeks group,the USSQ score of the 4 weeks group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).And no significant adverse event was observed in the 2 weeks group after the removal of ureteral sten.Conclusion:IPSS score and USSQ score increased significantly during stent implantation in BPH patients with lithiasis.And complications increased sig-nificantly over time.Following thorough clinical assessment,early ureteral stent removal demonstrates both safety and efficacy,repre-senting an optimal therapeutic approach in selected cases.

Objective To examine the correlation between ferroptosis-related gene expression levels and myocardial dysfunction as well as prognosis in sepsis patients.Methods Eighty-five sepsis patients admitted to our hospital from May 2023 to August 2024 were categorized into two groups based on the presence of myocardial dysfunction:the impaired group(n=39)and the non-impaired group(n=46).The mRNA expression levels of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase(POR),solute carrier family 7 member 5(SLC7A5),and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)were measured.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the expression levels of iron death-related genes and sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction(SIMD).Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to evaluate the relationship between the expression levels of iron death-related genes and the prognosis of sepsis patients.Results In patients with sepsis,the disorder group exhibited higher male proportions,age,and expression levels of POR,SLC7A5,and STAT3 compared to the non-disorder group(P<0.05).After adjusting for potential confounders such as gender and age,the expression levels of POR,SLC7A5,and STAT3 remained independent predictors of SIMD(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for POR expression in predicting SIMD was 0.677(95%CI:0.561～0.792),with a sensitivity of 87.20%and specificity of 54.30%.For SLC7A5,the AUC was 0.844(95%CI:0.749～0.939),with a sensitivity of 74.40%and specificity of 93.50%.STAT3 had an AUC of 0.690(95%CI:0.570～0.809),with a sensitivity of 69.20%and specificity of 71.70%.During the follow-up period,69 patients(81.18%)survived,while 16(18.82%)did not.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that POR and SLC7A5 expression levels were significantly associ-ated with the 28-day survival rate of septic patients(χ2=6.048/10.143,P<0.05),whereas STAT3 expression showed no significant correlation(χ2=2.149,P>0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of POR,SLC7A5 and STAT3 are closely related to SIMD,and the expression levels of POR and SLC7A5 are significantly related to the prognosis of sepsis patients.