Lung cancer still ranks first among malignant tumors in the world and China. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and other treatments can delay patients' lives， thorny problems remain to be solved， such as adverse reactions after intervention， patient resistance to treatment， and the economic burden of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） featuring a holistic view advocates macro interventions throughout the entire disease cycle， which has the advantages of reducing toxicity， improving efficiency， and enhancing patients' quality of life. The theory of ''sensation and response'' was first recorded in the book of I-Ching. This is the natural law of mutual induction， influence， and interaction among all things in nature. According to the theory of ''Qi monism'' and the proposal of regulating Qi movement and removing toxin by Professor Hua Baojin， we re-examine lung cancer from the primitive thinking in TCM and explain the relevance of Qi movement changes to the occurrence， progression， and treatment of lung cancer. The core pathogeneses of lung cancer are the deficiency of healthy Qi and invasion of deficiency pathogen resulting in the formation of cancer and the internal generation of cancer toxin leading to intermediate dysfunction. Six excesses and Yin pathogen invade and gradually accumulate in the lung and spleen， leading to the generation of cancer toxin， which eventually evolve into lung cancer. The treatment can be based on the theories of five elements and visceral manifestation from three aspects. First， on the basis of syndrome differentiation， medicinal materials of different flavors can be used. Specifically， pungent medicinal materials can be used for dredging and sweet medicinal materials can be used for tonifying. Second， medicinal materials with similar morphology or origin to that in the human body can be used for treating the diseases in corresponding sites. Finally， corrigent medicinal materials can be combined for two-way regulation. These measures can be applied in lung cancer treatment to optimize the prevention and treatment strategies and provide new research directions for TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanisms of Sini San in the treatment of depression and liver injury based on gut microbiota. MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group （M）， Sini San group （MS， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and fluoxetine group （MF， 2 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， rats in the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. After 8 weeks， the open-field test and sucrose preference test were conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone （CORT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， Zonulin， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured using the ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium was observed by electron microscopy， and gut microbiota in rat feces were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the sucrose preference of rats in the model group was significantly reduced （P0.01）， whereas it was significantly increased in the Sini San group compared with the model group （P0.05）. Compared with the normal group， hippocampal GABA protein levels and BDNF mRNA expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P0.05）， and compared with the model group， both were significantly increased in the Sini San group （P0.05， P0.01）. Compared with the normal group， serum LPS and Zonulin levels in the model group were significantly increased （P0.05， P0.01）， and compared with the model group， Zonulin levels in the Sini San group were significantly decreased （P0.05）. No obvious changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa among groups. Compared with the normal group， widened and blurred tight junctions， sparse and shortened microvilli， and mitochondrial swelling with cristae disruption in epithelial cells were observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of the model group， which were markedly improved in the Sini San and fluoxetine groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Sini San improved CUMS-induced dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with depression-related indicators， liver function， and intestinal mucosal permeability. ConclusionSini San exerts antidepressant and hepatoprotective effects by improving Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and inhibiting the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability in CUMS rats.

Myocardial infarction （MI） and osteoporosis （OP）， as two prevalent metabolic diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates， are respectively characterized by cardiovascular system dysfunction and bone homeostasis imbalance， collectively posing significant global public health challenges. While clinically often considered as independent diseases， recent studies have revealed shared pathological mechanisms between the two. This study initiated its exploration from the traditional Chinese medicine concept of the "heart-bone" axis， systematically analyzing the correlation between MI and OP from perspectives including hemodynamics， neuroendocrinology， calcium homeostasis， inflammation and vascular injury， as well as hormone levels. By discussing the pathological mechanisms of "heart disease affecting the bones and bone disease affecting the heart"， the study also elucidated advancements in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. The goal is to provide novel insights and methodologies for the prevention and treatment of "heart-bone comorbidities"， thereby facilitating comprehensive management of cardiovascular and skeletal diseases.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanisms of Sini San in the treatment of depression and liver injury based on gut microbiota. MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group （M）， Sini San group （MS， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and fluoxetine group （MF， 2 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， rats in the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. After 8 weeks， the open-field test and sucrose preference test were conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone （CORT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， Zonulin， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured using the ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium was observed by electron microscopy， and gut microbiota in rat feces were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the sucrose preference of rats in the model group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， whereas it was significantly increased in the Sini San group compared with the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， hippocampal GABA protein levels and BDNF mRNA expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， both were significantly increased in the Sini San group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， serum LPS and Zonulin levels in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， Zonulin levels in the Sini San group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. No obvious changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa among groups. Compared with the normal group， widened and blurred tight junctions， sparse and shortened microvilli， and mitochondrial swelling with cristae disruption in epithelial cells were observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of the model group， which were markedly improved in the Sini San and fluoxetine groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Sini San improved CUMS-induced dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with depression-related indicators， liver function， and intestinal mucosal permeability. ConclusionSini San exerts antidepressant and hepatoprotective effects by improving Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and inhibiting the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability in CUMS rats.

Myocardial infarction （MI） and osteoporosis （OP）， as two prevalent metabolic diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates， are respectively characterized by cardiovascular system dysfunction and bone homeostasis imbalance， collectively posing significant global public health challenges. While clinically often considered as independent diseases， recent studies have revealed shared pathological mechanisms between the two. This study initiated its exploration from the traditional Chinese medicine concept of the "heart-bone" axis， systematically analyzing the correlation between MI and OP from perspectives including hemodynamics， neuroendocrinology， calcium homeostasis， inflammation and vascular injury， as well as hormone levels. By discussing the pathological mechanisms of "heart disease affecting the bones and bone disease affecting the heart"， the study also elucidated advancements in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. The goal is to provide novel insights and methodologies for the prevention and treatment of "heart-bone comorbidities"， thereby facilitating comprehensive management of cardiovascular and skeletal diseases.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

Recently， Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver published the recommendations for the diagnosis and management of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis （NCPF）/idiopathic portal hypertension （IPH）. The guidelines mainly elaborate on the definition， diagnosis， histological features， natural history， and management of NCPF/IPH， in order to strengthen the understanding of NCPF/IPH-related issues and establish a global consensus. This article makes an excerpt of the key statements in the guidelines.

ObjectiveTo observe the inhibitory effect of the Weiliuan mixture （WLAHJ） on the subcutaneous xenograft tumor of MKN-74 gastric cancer cells， and explore the potential anti-gastric cancer mechanism of WLAHJ by using transcriptomic sequencing technology to reveal related genes and pathways. Methods30 Balb/c nude mice were randomly divided into model， low-， medium-， and high-dose（15，30，45 g·kg^-1） WLAHJ and 5-FU （0.025 g·kg^-1） groups to build a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model with MKN-74 human gastric cancer cells. After modeling，each group was continuously treated with the corresponding drugs for 28 days. During the treatment period， the body weight and tumor size of the mice were observed and recorded every 2 days. At the end of the treatment， the mice were sacrificed， and required samples were collected to calculate the tumor inhibition rate of WLAHJ on the subcutaneous xenograft tumor. High-throughput transcriptomic sequencing （RNA-seq） technology was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in the subcutaneous tumor tissues of the model group and the medium-dose WLAHJ group， thus exploring the potential mechanism of WLAHJ in gastric cancer intervention. Immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to detect the protein expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， transferrin receptor protein-1 （TFR-1）， and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 （ACSL4） in subcutaneous xenograft tumors of each group. Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） and colony formation assays were used to detect the viability and anti-proliferative ability of human gastric cancer AGS and MKN-74 cells at different concentrations of WLAHJ. Kits were used to detect the levels of Fe²⁺， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of GPX4， SLC7A11， TRF-1， ACSL4， spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 （SAT1）， arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase （ALOX15）， and key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. ResultsThe mechanism of WLAHJ in gastric cancer intervention may be related to ferroptosis and the PI3K/Akt /mTOR signaling pathway. The growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice of the WLAHJ and 5-FU groups（P<0.05，P<0.01）， GPX4， and SLC7A11 dropped significantly（P<0.01）， while TFR-1， ACSL4， SAT1， and ALOX15（P<0.05，P<0.01）increased significantly compared with those in the model group. The levels of ROS， Fe²⁺， and MDA increased in the WLAHJ and 5-FU groups and the proliferation of gastric cancer cells， SOD activity， the ratios of phosphorybation （p）-mTOR/mTOR， p-PI3K/PI3K， and p-Akt/Akt protein expressions（P<0.05，P<0.01）decreased compared with those in the blank group. ConclusionThe mechanism of WLAHJ in treating gastric cancer may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/ Akt /mTOR signaling pathway to intervene in ferroptosis.

Objective : To explore the advantages of static navigation in locating calcified root canal therapy, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of calcified teeth. Methods: A case of acute periapical periodontitis of anterior teeth with full-length calcification of root canal was reported. A lingual minimally invasive approach was used as a conservative method of controlling the infection of teeth and preserving the incisors through the digital guide plate. The diagnosis and treatment of this type of case were analyzed retrospectively with reference to the literature. Results: One patient complained that the pain of left anterior teeth was aggravated for 2 days. After examination, he was diagnosed with acute periapical periodontitis of 21 teeth with total root canal calcification. With the assistance of static navigation, the root canal was located after 10 minutes, the calcification was dredged for 15 minutes, and the acute pain symptoms of the patient were relieved that day. After one year of follow-up, there was no discomfort in the teeth, and the range of low-density shadow in the apical film was reduced. After 3 years of follow-up, there was no discomfort in the teeth, and the low-density shadow of the apical root was further reduced by apical film examination. As shown by the results of the literature review, static navigation technology is advantageous because the success rate of dredging calcified root canals is neither associated with the operator’s treatment experience nor the use of microscope and ultrasonic equipment. Regardless of the degree of calcification, this method can significantly reduce the iatrogenic risk, but it is closely related to the accuracy and stability of the guide plate. However, this method is not suitable for calcified teeth with calcification under root canal curvature and limited operating space. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is recommended to locate calcified root canals, and the imaging quality is an important factor that affects the correct preoperative planning. When performing static navigation endodontic treatment, thermal damage can be reduced by selecting a drill with a small diameter that matches the guide ring and cooling the drill with frozen irrigation solution. Conclusion Static navigation-assisted treatment of calcified root canals is accurate and minimally invasive, which reduces clinical treatment time, preserves the lingual approach at the incisal ridge to further ensure the integrity of teeth, and ensures the long-term preservation of affected teeth.