Lung cancer still ranks first among malignant tumors in the world and China. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and other treatments can delay patients' lives， thorny problems remain to be solved， such as adverse reactions after intervention， patient resistance to treatment， and the economic burden of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） featuring a holistic view advocates macro interventions throughout the entire disease cycle， which has the advantages of reducing toxicity， improving efficiency， and enhancing patients' quality of life. The theory of ''sensation and response'' was first recorded in the book of I-Ching. This is the natural law of mutual induction， influence， and interaction among all things in nature. According to the theory of ''Qi monism'' and the proposal of regulating Qi movement and removing toxin by Professor Hua Baojin， we re-examine lung cancer from the primitive thinking in TCM and explain the relevance of Qi movement changes to the occurrence， progression， and treatment of lung cancer. The core pathogeneses of lung cancer are the deficiency of healthy Qi and invasion of deficiency pathogen resulting in the formation of cancer and the internal generation of cancer toxin leading to intermediate dysfunction. Six excesses and Yin pathogen invade and gradually accumulate in the lung and spleen， leading to the generation of cancer toxin， which eventually evolve into lung cancer. The treatment can be based on the theories of five elements and visceral manifestation from three aspects. First， on the basis of syndrome differentiation， medicinal materials of different flavors can be used. Specifically， pungent medicinal materials can be used for dredging and sweet medicinal materials can be used for tonifying. Second， medicinal materials with similar morphology or origin to that in the human body can be used for treating the diseases in corresponding sites. Finally， corrigent medicinal materials can be combined for two-way regulation. These measures can be applied in lung cancer treatment to optimize the prevention and treatment strategies and provide new research directions for TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Objective To develop a predictive model integrating clinical features,deep learning(DL),and radiomics based on T2-weighted imaging for prenatal assessment of postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)risk in high-risk pregnant women.Methods A total of 538 pregnant women with ultrasound-reported high-risk placenta accrete were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training,internal test,and external test cohorts.A nnUNet model was trained for automatic placental segmentation.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on clinical features to identify those associated with PPH.Quantitative radiomic features were extracted from the placental region,and a random forest model was developed to predict estimated blood loss(EBL)and PPH risk.A DenseNet-based multi-task DL model was trained to predict PPH risk,EBL,and placenta previa status.Finally,a DL-radiomics ensemble(DRE)model was constructed by integrating clinical features,DL outputs,and radiomics scores.Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and DeLong test.Results The DRE model achieved AUC values of 0.874(95%CI:0.792-0.951)and 0.836(95%CI:0.648-0.974)in the internal and external test cohorts,respectively,significantly outperforming the standalone clinical,DL,and radiomics models.Incorporation of EBL regression improved the performance of the PPH classification model,with the external test AUC increasing from 0.261-0.788 to 0.836.Conclusion The DRE model integrating DL and radiomics can efficiently predict PPH risk and assist in the clinical management of high-risk pregnancies.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Vaccarin(Va)on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in renal fibrosis model mice through regulating STAT3,and the underlying mechanism.Methods Left ureter ligation was used to establish a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO);human kid-ney tubular epithelial(HK2)cells were induced to differentiate by transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in vitro.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes of renal tissue;kits were used to detect the levels of BUN,Cr,IL-1β and IL-7 in mouse serum;CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of Va on the viability of HK2 cells;RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in HK2 cells;Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3,p-STAT3,E-cadherin,and α-SMA proteins in renal tissue and HK2 cells;to further investigate the regulation of Va on STAT3,JAK/STAT3 pathway acti-vator RO8191 was used to treat TGF-β-induced HK2 cells,and functional loss was detected.Results Va improved the pathological damage in UUO mice,inhibi-ted the levels of BUN,Cr and inflammatory factors;Va inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3,upregulated E-cadherin,and downregulated α-SMA protein expres-sion;RO8191 counteracted the inhibitory effect of Va on the phosphorylation of STAT3.Conclusions Va inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the release of inflammatory factors,improves EMT,thus exerting an anti-renal fibrosis effect.

Objective To compare the differences of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure and EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(EUS-PPG) in measurement of portal venous pressure on animals and their correlation. Methods Twenty-four miniature pigs were selected and fed with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital sodium combined with high-fat,low-protein and low-choline diet for 16 weeks to establish a liver cirrhotic portal hypertension model. The changes of biochemical indexes of liver function and liver pathology in the experimental pigs were observed to evaluate whether the model was successful. After the model was successfully established,the hemodynamic parameters of the portal venous trunk were measured non-invasively under EUS guidance,including portal venous blood flow and splenic artery pulsatility index,thereby calculating portal venous pressure. Then,taking EUS-PPG,the portal vein,hepatic vein,and inferior vena cava were punctured with an 18G puncture needle under general anesthesia guided by the translinear endoscopic ultrasound,and the PPG was calculated through the central venous pressure monitoring system.The Pearson correlation analysis,Kappa test,ICC intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot were used for consistency analysis. Results All the 24 pigs survived 16 weeks after modeling.The serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL)after modeling were higher than those before modeling(P<0.05). HE staining and Sirius red staining showed abnormal liver morphology and increased collagen fibers after modeling,suggesting that the experimental pig model of liver cirrhotic portal hypertension was successfully established. The results of EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure showed that the mean splenic artery pulsatility index was (2.03±0.68),the mean portal vein flow was (17.27±4.31)cm/s,and the mean portal venous pressure was (15.97±3.65)mmHg. The measurement results of the mean portal venous pressure,hepatic venous pres-sure and PPG of EUS-PPG were (20.68±4.71)mmHg,(4.07±2.14)mmHg and (16.38±4.28)mmHg respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the portal venous pressures measured by the two methods (r=0.902,P<0.001);the consistency tests of Kappa test and ICC intraclass correlation coefficient showed that the measurement results of the two methods were highly consistent (Kappa=0.699,P<0.001;ICC=0.945);Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that most of the points fell within 95％ limits of agreement. Conclusion EUS-guided non-invasive measurement of portal venous pressure has a high correlation and consistency with the measurement results by EUS-PPG,which has high success rate,and accurate reflection of portal venous pressure,with low cost and good safety.

Objective To analyze the application effect of acetaminophen preemptive analgesia combined with intercostal nerve block in thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods A total of 120 patients with lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy admitted to Lu'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023 were selected as the study objects,and they were divided into the control group and the observation group according to random number table method,with 60 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given acetaminophen preemptive analgesia before anesthesia induction,while patients in the observation group were given intercostal nerve block on the basis of the control group.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Ramsay sedation score,serum β-endorphin level and prostaglandin E2 level 3,12,24 and 48 hours after operation of patients in the two groups were compared.The stress response indexes such as norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E)and serum cortisol(Cor),as well as immune function indexes such as CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+before anesthesia induction and after extubation of patients in the two groups were compared.The incidence of adverse reactions after extubation of patients in the two groups were compared.Results The VAS scores of patients after surgery in the two groups gradually increased with time,and the Ramsay sedation scores gradually decreased with time.The VAS scores of patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at each postoperative time point,and the Ramsay sedation scores were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The levels of serum β-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 of patients after surgery in the two groups gradually decreased with time.The levels of serum β-endorphin of patients at each postoperative time point in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the levels of prostaglandin E2 of patients at each postoperative time point in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The levels of NE,E,and Cor after extubation of patients in the two groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+after extubation of patients in the two groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of acetaminophen preemptive analgesia combined with intercostal nerve block in thoracoscopic lobectomy has good analgesic and sedative effects on patients,which is helpful to improve patients'immune function and reduce postoperative adverse reactions.

With the prevalence of kidney disease continues to rise,it has become a serious global public health issue that significantly impacts patients'quality of life.The complex pathogenesis of kidney disea-ses presents challenges for its prevention and treatment.Research has shown that imbalances in metabolic homeostasis often affect kidney function,leading to renal damage.Peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptors(PPARs),as transcription factors activated by endogenous ligands,play a crucial role in regula-ting metabolic molecular networks,particularly in oxidative phosphorylation,lipid metabolism,and glu-cose metabolism.Activating PPARs can improve mitochondrial damage,promote tatty acid breakdown,and alleviate insulin resistance,thereby restoring renal metabolic function and mitigating kidney damage.Although various small-molecule drugs that activate PPARs have been developed,adverse reactions have been observed during clinical trials.Currently,there is still a lack of safe and effective treatment options for kidney diseases.A detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which the PPAR family regulates renal cell energy metabolism,as well as the search for and development of new small-molecule drugs tar-geting PPARs and their regulated downstream metabolic pathways,is of significant importance for under-standing and treating kidney diseases.On the other hand,clarifying the metabolic changes during the progression of different kidney diseases and applying targeted PPAR-based drugs or strategies for their treatment is particularly important.Here we summarize how PPAR family members regulate target gene transcription and their roles in the remodeling of oxidative phosphorylation and lipid/glucose metabolism,as well as the impact of changes in PPAR expression or activity on acute and chronic kidney diseases and age-related kidney conditions.This knowledge may provide new insights and theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.

Objective To develop a predictive model integrating clinical features,deep learning(DL),and radiomics based on T2-weighted imaging for prenatal assessment of postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)risk in high-risk pregnant women.Methods A total of 538 pregnant women with ultrasound-reported high-risk placenta accrete were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training,internal test,and external test cohorts.A nnUNet model was trained for automatic placental segmentation.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on clinical features to identify those associated with PPH.Quantitative radiomic features were extracted from the placental region,and a random forest model was developed to predict estimated blood loss(EBL)and PPH risk.A DenseNet-based multi-task DL model was trained to predict PPH risk,EBL,and placenta previa status.Finally,a DL-radiomics ensemble(DRE)model was constructed by integrating clinical features,DL outputs,and radiomics scores.Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and DeLong test.Results The DRE model achieved AUC values of 0.874(95%CI:0.792-0.951)and 0.836(95%CI:0.648-0.974)in the internal and external test cohorts,respectively,significantly outperforming the standalone clinical,DL,and radiomics models.Incorporation of EBL regression improved the performance of the PPH classification model,with the external test AUC increasing from 0.261-0.788 to 0.836.Conclusion The DRE model integrating DL and radiomics can efficiently predict PPH risk and assist in the clinical management of high-risk pregnancies.

Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to observe blood vessels.Quantitative analysis of MRA images enables visualization of vascular pathways,condition,and blood flow dynamics,which is essential for diagnosing vascular diseases such as vascular lesions,stenosis,and occlusions.Vessel segmentation serves as the fundamental basis for quantitative vascular analysis.However,the complex morphology of vessels,difficulties in labeling,and scarcity of accurate 3D vascular annotations pose significant challenges for MRA-based vessel segmentation.A strategy of selectively occluding vessels during model training is proposed to enhance the algorithm's capacity to capture the topological structure of blood vessels,thereby improving the continuity of vessel segmentation results.Additionally,a Refine network is incorporated to refine the binary segmentation results of the segmentation network,thereby further improving segmentation accuracy.Model training and testing are carried out using 42 cases of 3D MRA data from the public MIDAS dataset.For the test set,the 3D U-Net baseline model with vessel occlusion strategy shows a β0 Error of 1.2742±0.2103 and a β1 Error of 0.3393±0.0818,respectively,which are 0.1136 and 0.0280 lower than the baseline.The model integrating vessel occlusion strategy and Refine network achieves an average Dice score of 0.7105±0.0125,which is 0.0028 higher than the baseline.These results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves both vascular connectivity and segmentation accuracy.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Vaccarin(Va)on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in renal fibrosis model mice through regulating STAT3,and the underlying mechanism.Methods Left ureter ligation was used to establish a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO);human kid-ney tubular epithelial(HK2)cells were induced to differentiate by transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in vitro.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes of renal tissue;kits were used to detect the levels of BUN,Cr,IL-1β and IL-7 in mouse serum;CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of Va on the viability of HK2 cells;RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in HK2 cells;Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3,p-STAT3,E-cadherin,and α-SMA proteins in renal tissue and HK2 cells;to further investigate the regulation of Va on STAT3,JAK/STAT3 pathway acti-vator RO8191 was used to treat TGF-β-induced HK2 cells,and functional loss was detected.Results Va improved the pathological damage in UUO mice,inhibi-ted the levels of BUN,Cr and inflammatory factors;Va inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3,upregulated E-cadherin,and downregulated α-SMA protein expres-sion;RO8191 counteracted the inhibitory effect of Va on the phosphorylation of STAT3.Conclusions Va inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the release of inflammatory factors,improves EMT,thus exerting an anti-renal fibrosis effect.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.