OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and adverse reactions of the maintenance therapies with Thalidomine or Bortezomib in the patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM), so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse reaction rate of 23 MM patients received the maintenance therapies of Bortezomib and of 68 MM patients received maintenance therapy of Thalidomine. RESULTS: The maintenance therapy with Bortezomib could extend the PFS of MM patients as compared with Thalidomine (PFS rate of patients on the maintenance therapy of Bortezomib in 12th, and 24th month was 100%, 88.89%, and that of Thalidomine-treated group was 72.31%, 47.54%). What's more, some specific patients could get better 2-year PFS rate in Bortezomib group than that in Thalidomine group, such as older than 65 years old, after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ASCT), having genetic changes, extramedullary lesions, poor renal function, low serum free light chain ratio, high β2-MG, anemia, high LDH, VGPR of induction and consolidation therapy. The OS rate of Bortezomib on 18th, 24th and 30th month was 100%, 88.89%, 80% verus 91.52%,83.63%,72.90% of the group with thalidemide at the same time. As for 2-year OS rate, the Bortezomib group was higher than Thalidomine without statistical differences. However, the patients such as older than 65 years old, poor renal function and with extramedullary lesions, would also get higher 2-year OS rate from Bortezomi. Bortezomib and thalidomide could cause bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuritis and other adverse reactions. CONCLUSION The efficacy of maintenance therapy with Bortezomib is superior to thalidomide. As a conclusion, bortezomib is a better option for maintenance therapy of MM patient.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; Bortezomib ; administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

The present study was designed to develop and validate a rapid, sensitive, and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of five major active constituents in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Xingxiong injection (XXI) in rat plasma, including quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (QCR), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (KFR), isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (ISR), bilobalide (BB), and ligustrazine (LGT). The plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Symmetry C analytical column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase of 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B). Quantitation of the five bioactive constituents was achieved. Naringin was used as the internal standard (IS). All the calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.996) over the concentration range, with the lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) between 2-18 ng·mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the analytes were both within acceptable limits. Moreover, satisfactory extraction recoveries (90.92%-104.03%) were obtained by protein precipitation. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of XXI in rats after intravenous administration at three doses. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the five compounds varied in a dose-dependent manner within the tested dosage range. The present study was the first report of pharmacokinetic study for XXI.
Animals ; Bilobalides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Disaccharides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Flavonoids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Pyrazines ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of CAL-101, a selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ, in combination with bortezomib on the proliferation and apoptosis in human mantle cell lymphoma cell lines Z138, HBL-2 and Jeko-1 in vitro, to explore its mechanisms and provide the foundation for effective treatment strategies against mantle cell lymphoma.

METHODSMTT assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effects of CAL-101 and bortezomib either alone or combined on Z138, HBL-2 and Jeko-1 cells. Calcusyn software was used to analyze the synergistic cytotoxicity. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K-p110σ and p-Akt, Akt, p-ERK and ERK proteins after the cells were exposed to different concentrations of CAL-101. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the apoptosis rate. NF-κB kit was used to determine the changes of location of NF-κB P65, and Western blot was applied to detect the level of caswpase-3 and the phosphorylation of Akt in different groups.

RESULTSCAL-101 and BTZ inhibited the proliferation of Z138, HBL-2 and Jeko-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CAL-101/BTZ combination induced significantly synergistic cytotoxicity in the MCL cells. The results of Western blot assay showed that CAL-101 significantly blocked the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the MCL cell lines. In addition, CAL-101 combined with BTZ induced pronounced apoptosis (P < 0.01). For example, after the Z138 cells exposed to the drugs for 48 h, the apoptosis rates of the control, CAL-101, BTZ and CAL-101 + BTZ groups were: (2.6 ± 1.8)%, (40.0 ± 3.0)%, (34.0 ± 1.0)%, and (67.4 ± 1.0)%, respectively; and when drug treatment was given to HBL-2 cells over 96 h, the apoptosis rates of these four cell groups were (7.4 ± 0.6)%, (30.7 ± 5.7)%, (12.0 ± 1.0)%, and (85.0 ± 4.0)%, respectively. The combination therapy contributed to the enhanced inactivity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt inactivation in the MCL cell lines (P < 0.05), however, the casepase-3 activity was up-regulated.

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of CAL-101 and bortezomib is muchmore effective in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma cell lines (Z138, HBL-2 and Jeko-1), which may be mediated through inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the transcription of NF-κB.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Boronic Acids ; Bortezomib ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Formazans ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Purines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Pyrazines ; Quinazolinones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Software ; Tetrazolium Salts

PURPOSE: Recently, bortezomib has been used to treat antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) refractory to conventional treatment such as plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. The authors aimed to describe their experiences when bortezomib was used to treat refractory AMR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven refractory AMR episodes treated with bortezomib were included in this study. The patients received one or two cycles of bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. RESULTS: Bortezomib effectively reduced antibodies against various targets, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II, ABO blood group antigen, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Antibodies were depleted or reduced significantly in eight AMR episodes. Overall, there was a significant improvement in the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 3 months after therapy (36.91+/-22.15 mL/min/1.73 m2) versus eGFR at time of AMR diagnosis (17.00+/-9.25 mL/min/1.73 m2; p=0.007). All six early-onset AMR episodes (within 6 months post-transplantation) showed full recovery of allograft function. Additionally, three of the five late-onset AMR episodes (>6 months post-transplantation) showed improved allograft function. CONCLUSION: Anti-humoral treatment based on bortezomib might be an effective strategy against refractory AMR caused by various types of antibodies. Notably, this treatment could be more effective in early-onset AMR than in late-onset AMR.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids/therapeutic use ; Bortezomib/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Graft Rejection/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Isoantibodies ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*surgery ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmapheresis ; Pyrazines/administration & dosage ; Transplantation, Homologous

PURPOSE: Although the proteasome inhibitor known as bortezomib can modulate the inflammatory process through the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, the immunomodulatory effect of pre-incubated bortezomib has not been fully evaluated for inflammation by infectious agents. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of bortezomib on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in macrophage cell lines and on survival in a murine peritonitis sepsis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bortezomib was applied 1 hr before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) experiments were performed in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS: Pre-incubation with bortezomib (25 nM or 50 nM) prior to LPS (50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL) stimulation significantly recovered the number of viable RAW 264.7 cells compared to those samples without pre-incubation. Bortezomib decreased various inflammatory cytokines as well as nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated cells. The 7-day survival rate in mice that had received bortezomib at 0.01 mg/kg concentration 1 hr prior to CLP was significantly higher than in the mice that had only received a normal saline solution of 1 mL 1 hr prior to CLP. In addition, the administration of bortezomib at 0.01 mg/kg concentration 1 hr before CLP resulted in a significant decrease in inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Collectively, pretreatment with bortezomib showed an increase in the survival rate and changes in the levels of inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION: These results support the possibility of pretreatment with bortezomib as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of overwhelming inflammation, which is a characteristic of severe sepsis.
Animals ; Boronic Acids/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Cecum/*pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chymotrypsin/metabolism ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation Mediators/*metabolism ; Ligation ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Lung/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Proteasome Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Punctures ; Pyrazines/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Sepsis/*drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib-based chemotherapy for 80 patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODSA total of 80 cases with a median age of 57 (range: 25-78) years were enrolled in the study. Bortezomib-based regimens included VD (bortezomib and dexamethasone) and PAD (bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone). 16 of the 80 patients received autologous or allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

RESULTSThe overall response (OR) rate was 80%, including a complete response (CR) of 46.3%. After a median follow-up of 25 months, the 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 81.4% and 72.9%, and the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 76% and 62.5%, respectively. The 2-year OS and PFS were 100% and 73.9 % in patients with HSCT, while both were 66% (P=0.029) and 58.7% (P=0.447) in patients without HSCT. In univariate analysis, Durie-Salmon group, ISS stage, CR and very good partial response (VGPR), and HSCT were prognostic factors for OS. Gender and extramedullary plasmacytomas were important prognostic factors for PFS. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression revealed that CR and VGPR, Durie-Salmon group A, and HSCT were prognostic factors for better OS; while male and patients without extramedullary plasmacytomas were prognostic factors for longer PFS.

CONCLUSIONMM patients could benefit from bortezomib-based chemotherapy with satisfactory efficacy and safety. HSCT could improve the OS for young MM patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Bortezomib ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Bortezomib ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage

This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of immunoglobin D multiple myeloma (IgD MM) and its curative efficacy. The clinical data of 15 cases of newly diagnosed IgD MM from April 1993 to June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 15 cases received induction treatment, the traditional chemotherapy was carried out in 9 cases, bortezomib-based therapy was performed in 6 cases. The diagnostic criteria and disease response criteria of MM were based on International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria,survival time was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method, the median age of patients was 57 years (range 40-72), the ratio of male to female was 2:1, the MM patients in Durie-Salmon stage III accounted for 100% (15/15) , the MM patients with λ light chain accounts for 80% (12/15) , with bone lesion 86.7% (13/15), with pleural effusion 26.7% (4/15) , with renal impairment (RI) 86.7% (13/15) ,with anemia 93.3% (14/15) , with serum album<35 g/L 26.7% (4/15). The median creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) of patients was 23.1 (6-44) ml/min, and median hemoglobin level was 82 (43-131) g/L. The results showed that in followed-up 11 cases, 8 cases died, 3 cases survived; the average duration of follow-up for these cases was 20 (0.5-138) months, the median progression-free survival time (PFS) was 7 (95%CI4.6-9.4) months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was 15 (95%CI6.6-27.4 ) months. Compared traditional chemotherapy with bortezomib regimen therapy,median OS time was 17 (95%CI6.1-28.0) months vs 15 (95%CI 0.0-33.3) months (P = 0.90) . Assessable curative effect of 14 cases was as follows: CR 33.3% (5/15); VGPR 13.3% (2/15); PR 20% (3/15); SD 20% (3/15); PD 6.7% (1/15). It is concluded that IgD MM is a rare type of MM and has a poor prognosis. Bortezomib may be beneficial for some patients with extramedullary infiltration. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may improve survival time.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Bortezomib ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Bortezomib ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of bortezomib in the treatment of de novo multiple myeloma (MM) patients.

METHODSA total of 36 MM patients treated with bortezomib, adriamycin and dexamethasone (PAD) from January 2012 to April 2013 were analyzed. Among them, 18 received improved PAD (improved PAD group) with the subcutaneous injection of bortezomib, another 18 received conventional PAD (PAD group). The efficacy and safety of two groups were analyzed.

RESULTSExcept 4 cases can not be assessed, 32 patients were evaluated. Of 32 cases, 19(59.4%) achieved complete remission (CR) or very good partial remission (VGPR) after induction therapy, which were 61.1% and 57.1% for PAD group and improved PAD group, respectively (P=1.000). No significant difference between the time to achieve maximum effectiveness in two groups was detected. In the PAD group, one patient (5.6%) died of serious lung infection and eight (44.4%) experienced grade 3 or higher adverse events, while only one (5.6%) discontinued treatment in improved PAD group due to similar toxicity. Compared to PAD group, grade 3 or worse adverse events was significantly reduced in improved PAD group, the most common symptoms were leucopenia (33.3% vs 61.1%, P=0.086), thrombocytopenia (50.0% vs 61.1%), anaemia (27.8% vs 16.7%), infection (16.7% vs 50.0%, P=0.075), diarrhea (5.6% vs 33.3%, P=0.088), peripheral neuropathy(0 vs 27.8%, P=0.045).

CONCLUSIONThe improved PAD regimen by changing bortezomib from intravenous administration to subcutaneous injection significantly reduced adverse events, improved the safety of clinical application of bortezomib without affecting curative effect, and had great progress.

Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Bortezomib ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; Remission Induction