Artificial intelligence (AI) has made preliminary advances in the management of postoperative follow up for lung cancer; however, a systematic review of its application value across the entire follow-up continuum remains lacking. Taking the four core dimensions of postoperative follow-up management as its framework, including surveillance candidate selection, follow-up interval optimization, follow-up protocol design, and follow-up modality selection, this review examines the progress of AI in patient risk stratification, surveillance frequency optimization, content design, and supportive platform development. The review further delineates the current challenges and future directions for AI in this domain, and ultimately seeks to promote the standardized and scaled application of AI in postoperative follow-up management for lung cancer, with the goal of establishing a "care beyond hospitalization" life-cycle management framework that improves the long-term quality of survival for patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of topical treatment of allergic contact dermatitis （ACD） mice with Portulacae Herba based on the nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodsA total of 70 6-week-old specific pathogen free （SPF） female Kunming mice were adaptively fed for 1 week and randomly divided into blank group， model group， compound dexamethasone acetate cream group （2.075×10^-2 g·g^-1）， blank matrix cream group， low-dose Portulacae Herba cream group （0.1 g·g^-1）， high-dose Portulacae Herba cream group （0.2 g·g^-1）， and Portulacae Herba + inhibitor group （0.2 g·g^-1 + 30 mg·kg^-1 ML385）， with 10 mice in each group. One day before the experiment， the mice were shaved on the neck and back. Except for the blank group， the mice in the other groups were treated with 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB） to establish an ACD model. After respective administration， the skin lesion of the mice was scored， and the histopathological changes of the skin were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum of mice. The expression of Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in mouse skin tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）， Western blot， and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the mice in the model group had an increased skin lesion score （P<0.01）， severe pathological damage to skin tissue， increased content of IL-1β， IL-6， ROS， and MDA in their serum （P<0.01）， and decreased content of SOD （P<0.01）. In addition， the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， and nuclear factor-κB inhibitor α （IκBα） in skin tissue were up-regulated （P<0.01）， while the protein expression levels of phosphorylated （p）-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 and the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 were down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group and the blank matrix cream group， the mice treated with Portulacae Herba had a decreased skin lesion score （P<0.01）， reduced pathological damage to skin tissue， decreased content of IL-1β， IL-6， ROS， and MDA in their serum （P<0.01）， and increased content of SOD （P<0.01）. Additionally， the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， and IκBα in skin tissue were down-regulated （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 and the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 were up-regulated （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the Portulacae Herba + inhibitor group， the high-dose Portulacae Herba cream group had a decreased skin lesion score （P<0.01）， alleviated pathological damage to skin tissue， decreased content of IL-1β， IL-6， ROS， and MDA in the serum of mice （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and increased content of SOD （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， and IκBα and the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in skin tissue were up-regulated （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 and the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 were down-regulated （P<0.05）. ConclusionPortulacae Herba can improve DNCB-induced ACD skin damage in mice by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze and compare differences in cortical functioning between patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) following a left hemisphere stroke and healthy individuals using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods:Twenty-six patients recovering from post-stroke dysphagia following a left hemisphere stroke formed the study′s PSD group, and 26 age-matched healthy subjects serves as the HC group. A 41-channel infrared spectroscope was used to record any changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration while swallowing and at rest. The fNIRS data were statistically analyzed using Nirspark software. The β-values, reflecting the level of cortical activation, and the swallowing-related specific functional connectivity (FC) strength values (ΔFCs), representing task-specific FC strength, were extracted. The β-values and ΔFCs of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the HC group, the PSD group showed significantly reduced activation in Brodmann area (BA) 3/4/6/43 and BA4/6 of the left hemisphere during swallowing. Those areas correspond to the left primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area (PM). Significantly reduced activation was observed in the PSD group in the right hemisphere at BA45/46/47, BA45/38/48, and BA10, corresponding to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The ΔFC values between the left PM-left M1, left PM-left S1, left M1-right S1, and left S1-right M1 in the PSD group were significantly lower than those in the HC group.Conclusions:Left hemispheric PSD is associated not only with decreased activation in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex (M1, S1, PM) but also with functional decline in the contra-lesional PFC. During swallowing, persons with left hemispheric PSD exhibit extensive impairment in inter-cortical network connectivity, with particularly marked reductions in connectivity between their ipsilesional and contra-lesional sensorimotor cortices.

This study explored the effects and underlying mechanism of Raf kinase inhibitory protein(RKIP)on apoptosis in mast cells sensitized by Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid.Bone marrow-derived mast cells(BMMCs)were isolated and cultured from RKIP knockout(KO)and wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 mice.Cells were divided into control and sensitized groups.The sensitized group was incubated for 24 h in RPMI1640 medium containing 10%serum from mice infected with E.granulosus,then activated for 3 h or 6 h with E.granulosus cyst fluid.The control group was incubated for 24 h in RPMI1640 medium,and then received an equal vol-ume of PBS.Cells and supernatants were collected for analysis.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD117 and FcεRⅠα on BMMCs.The levels of β-hexosaminidase,IL-4,and TNF-α in the supernatant were quantified with ELISA.Western blot analy-sis was used to assess expression changes in RKIP,apoptosis-related proteins,and pathway proteins in BMMC before and after sensi-tization.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that after 4 weeks of induction,the CD117 and FcεRⅠα double-positivity rates on both WT and KO BMMC exceeded 90%.ELISA indicated that the E.granulosus cyst fluid resulted in significantly greater β-hexosaminidase re-lease(F=16.88,P<0.05),and levels of IL-4(F=16.51,P<0.05)and TNF-α(F=9.78,P<0.05)in the KO sensitized group than the WT sensitized group.With respect to the WT control group,the WT sensitized group showed significantly down-regulated pro-tein expression levels of RKIP(F=8.20,P<0.05)and Bcl-2(F=101.40,P<0.01)after 3 h,but significantly up-regulated levels of p-PI3K(F=8.04,P<0.05),p-Akt(F=32.52,P<0.01),p-P65(F=13.29,P<0.05),and cleaved-caspase-3(F=46.34,P<0.01).With respect to the WT sensitized group,the KO sensitized group showed significantly up-regulated protein expression of p-PI3K(F=8.45,P<0.05),p-Akt(F=8.58,P<0.05),p-P65(F=11.02,P<0.05),and Bcl-2(F=84.50,P<0.001)after 3 h,but significantly down-regulated expression of cleaved-caspase-3(F=15.66,P<0.05).In conclusion,RKIP may inhibit the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway,thereby inducing apoptosis in mast cells sensitized by E.granulosus cyst fluid.This process may help ease aller-gic reactions caused by mast cells in echinococcosis,thus offering a promising new approach for preventing and treating such reactions.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zhongfengting granule on plasma metabolites in acute cerebral ischemia MCAO model rats by non-targeted metabolomics techniques,and to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of Zhongfengting granule.Methods 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Chinese medicine group,with 8 rats in each group.Model group and Chinese medicine group were treated with middle cerebral artery thrombus method to establish the MCAO rat model,and the medicine was administered on the same day after the successful modeling.The Chinese medicine group was given(22.68 g·kg-1)Zhongfengting granule solution by gavage,and the blank group and model group were given equal volume normal saline for 7 days.After administration,blood was collected intravenously.Plasma samples from blank group,model group and Chinese medicine group were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatogre-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer,and differential metabolites were screened by multivariate statistical analysis.The metabolic pathways of the differentiated metabolites were analyzed based on KEGG database.Results Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the content of 22 potential biomarkers in the rat model of acute cerebral ischemia had significant changes,and the above-mentioned 22 potential biomarkers were significantly reversed by Zhongfengting granule(P<0.05).The enrichment results of metabolic pathways showed that Zhongfengting granule mainly affected phenylalanine metabolism,tyrosine metabolism,ascorbic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism.Conclusion Metabolites and metabolic pathways in MCAO model rats with acute cerebral ischemia are changed,and the different metabolites and metabolic pathways can be reversed by Zhongfengting granule,which mainly involve phenylalanine metabolism and regulate energy metabolism.

Objective The causal relationship between immune cells and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)risk was investigated using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method.Methods The datasets including 731 immune cells and HCC were obtained from the GWAS database and Finngen database,respectively.The stability and reliability of Mendelian randomization studies were evaluated by the MR-Egger regression,MR PRESSO,Cochran's Q test,and leave one out test.The inverse variance weighting,MR-Egger,weigh-ted median,simple mode and weighted mode were used to investigate the causal relationship between immune cells and HCC.Results A total of 4 immune cells were found to have a potential causal relationship with HCC,and the results were stable.The CD3+CD39+Treg,CD80+granulocyte and CD4+Treg were protective factors for HCC(OR=0.910,95%CI:0.852-0.972;OR=0.919,95%CI:0.865-0.975;OR=0.924,95%CI:0.873-0.978),while CD45+CD33+HLA-DR+CD14+marrow cells were a risk factor for HCC(OR=1.116,95%CI:1.033-1.204).Conclusion The CD3+CD39+Treg,CD80+granulocytes,and CD4+Treg are negatively associated with the risk of HCC,while CD45+CD33+HLA-DR+CD14+marrow cells are positively associated with the risk of HCC.

Objective To explore the deeper understanding of the pregnancy and delivery experience of three-child pregnant and matemal women,and to provide a basis for healthcare personnel to provide more systematic,safe,and targeted perinatal healthcare services and care measures for three-child pregnant and matemal women.Methods Purposive sampling method was used to select 17 cases of three-child pregnant and matemal women who were admitted and delivered in a tertiary level-A matemal and child healthcare hospital in Nanjing from August 2022 to June 2023 for semi-structured interviews,and Colaizzi 7-step process of analyzing,summarizing,and refining the themes was used.Results A total of 4 themes were extracted,including determination of willingness to become pregnant,perceived risks of childbirth,perceived benefits to themselves and their families,diversified support needs.Conclusion The establishment of pregnancy intention of three-child pregnant women is affected by many factors.Relevant departments should actively implement the supporting measures of the three-child birth policy;healthcare workers should strengthen perinatal healthcare services for three-child mothers to reduce the risk of giving birth,actively strengthen their sense of benefits related to pregnancy,and establish a whole process of support system to promote the health of mothers and infants.

Aim To explore the mechanism by which dioscin regulates IL-17+γδT cells in the treatment of arthritis.Methods A collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)model was established in DBA/1 mice using bovine type Ⅱ collagen.The mice were randomly divid-ed into the CIA model group,methotrexate(MTX)positive control group,and dioscin low-dose(Dioscin-L),medium-dose(Dioscin-M),and high-dose(Dios-cin-H)groups.After intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated using scoring methods.Joint pathological damage was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The levels of anti-collagen-spe-cific antibodies and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 were measured by ELISA.The expressions of γδT cells and their subtypes,as well as the secretion level of IL-17,were detected by flow cytometry.Results Dioscin significantly reduced the arthritis severity score in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice,alleviated joint pathological damage,inhibited the production of IL-17 by splenic lymphocytes and the levels of anti-col-lagen-specific antibodies total IgG and IgG3,and de-creased the proportion of γδT cells in the lymph nodes,splenic γδT cells,and the Vδ4+T-cell subset.The level of IL-17 produced by the Vδ4 subtype in the lymph nodes of the intervention groups was lower than that in the model group,but the difference was not sta-tistically significant.Conclusion Dioscin has signifi-cant therapeutic effect on CIA,and its mechanism may be through the inhibition of γδT cells,but it is unlikely to be related to IL-17 derived from γδT cells.

Aim To explore the mechanism of ligustil-ide(LIG)improving demyelination by inhibiting in-flammatory response in mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO)through AIM2/caspase-1 signal pathway.Methods Thirty C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(Sham group,n=10),model group(dMCAO group,n=10)and treatment group(LIG group,n=10).The dMCAO mouse model was estab-lished by electrocoagulation in dMCAO group and LIG group.The mice were scored by Longa after waking up,and the changes of cerebral blood flow were moni-tored by laser speckle blood flow imaging system after dMCAO.One hour after modeling,LIG(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)was injected intraperitoneally in LIG group,and the same amount of normal saline was injected in sham group and dMCAO group for one week until the end of the experiment.The mice in each group were stained with TTC,and the brain injury was observed pathologically.Fatigue turning bar test and open field test were used to evaluate the motor function and anxie-ty degree of mice,and then the brain tissues of mice were taken for black gold staining to compare the chan-ges of myelin sheath in each group.Immunofluores-cence staining was used to detect the average fluores-cence intensity of MBP,IBA1 and GFAP in CC,CPU and CX regions of mouse brains.ELISAwas used to de-tect the contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-17A and BDNF in brain tissue proteins of mice.Western blot-ting was used to detect the protein expressions of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC-in each group.Results Compared with the dMCAO group,the infarct area was reduced,the behavior was significantly improved and the demyelination was reduced in the LIG group.The expression of MBP protein in CC,CPU and CX regions increased(P＜0.05),the expression of IBA1 in CX decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression of GFAP in-creased in CC,CPU and CX regions(P＜0.01).The results of ELISA showed that the levels ofTNF-α(P＜0.01),IL-6(P＜0.01),IL-1β(P＜0.05)and IL-17A(P＜0.01)significantly decreased,while the ex-pression of BDNF increased(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC in mouse brain decreased after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion LIG has a protective effect on demyelina-tion in dMCAO mice,which may be related to the inhi-bition of AIM2/caspase-1 signaling pathway and in-flammation and to the promotion of BDNF secretion.

Objective:To discuss the role of M2 macrophages in epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and cisplatin(DDP)resistance in the non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to clarify the regulatory mechanism of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods:The human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells were selected and differentiated into M0 macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)induction,followed by M2 macrophage polarization through interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-13 stimulation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence methods were used to detect the protein expression levels of CD163,CD86,and arginase-1(Arg-1)in M0 and M2 macrophages.The human NSCLC A549 cells were co-cultured non-contactly with M0 or M2 macrophages in Transwell chambers,and the cells were divided into A549+M0 group(A549 cells co-cultured with M0 macrophages),A549+M2 group(A549 cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages),and A549+M2+BAY11-7082 group(A549 cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages and treated with 10 mmol·L-1 NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082).Wound healing assay was used to detect the wound healing rate of the A549 cells in various groups;Transwell assay was used to detect the number of invasion A549 cells in various groups;cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of proliferation and half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)value of the A549 cells after treated with DDP in the co-culture system;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of vimentin,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,transcription factor Snail,phosphorylated P65(p-P65),P-glycoprotein(P-gp),and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)proteins in the A549 cells in various groups.Results:The Western blotting results showed that compared with M0 group,the expression levels of CD163 and Arg-1 proteins in the macrophages in M2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD86 protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The immunofluorescence results showed that compared with M0 group,the expression of CD163 protein in the macrophages in M2 group was enhanced and the expression of CD86 protein was weakened.The wound healing assay results showed that at 24 and 48 h of culture,compared with A549+M0 group,the wound healing rate of the A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly increased(P<0.05);in the co-culture system,compared with A549+M0 group,the wound healing rate of the A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with A549+M2 group,the wound healing rate of the A549 cells in A549+M2+BAY11-7082 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The Transwell assay results showed that compared with A549+M0 group,the number of invasion A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with A549+M2 group,the number of invasion A549 cells in A549+M2+BAY11-7082 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);in the co-culture system,compared with A549+M0 group,the number of invasion A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The CCK-8 assay results showed that after treated with 2.50,5.00,10.00,20.00,and 40.00 mg·L-1 DDP,compared with A549+M0 group,the inhibitory rate of proliferation of the A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the IC50 value was significantly increased(P<0.01);in the co-culture system,compared with A549+M0 group,the inhibitory rate of proliferation of the A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the IC50 value was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with A549+M2 group,the inhibitory rate of proliferation of the A549 cells in A549+M2+BAY11-7082 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the IC50 value was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The Western blotting results showed that compared with A549+M0 group,the expression level of E-cadherin proteins in the A549 cells in A549+M2 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of N-cadherin,vimentin,and Snail proteins were significantly increased(P<0.05);in the co-culture system,compared with A549+M0 group,the expression levels of vimentin,Snail,N-cadherin,and p-P65 proteins in the A549 cells in A549+M2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of E-cadherin proteins was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with A549+M2 group,the expression levels of vimentin,N-cadherin,and p-P65 proteins in the A549 cells in A549+M2+BAY11-7082 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression level of E-cadherin proteins was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with A549+M0 group,the expression levels of P-gp and PD-L1 proteins in the A549 cells in A549+M2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05);in the co-culture system,compared with A549+M0 group,the expression levels of P-gp and PD-L1 proteins in the A549 cells in A549+M2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with A549+M2 group,the expression levels of P-gp and PD-L1 proteins in the A549 cells in A549+M2+BAY11-7082 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:The M2 macrophages can regulate EMT in the NSCLC cells to promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor,and modulate the expressions of P-gp and PD-L1 to enhance DDP resistance,which is associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway.