Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella pose significant threats to worldwide public health safety.In this study,a rapid method for screening viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk was developed by utilizing an electronic microbial growth analyzer(EMGA).Target food samples were diluted 10-fold with RVS broth and loaded into test tubes.Test tubes were positioned in the EMGA to determine the bacterial growth curves and the time required to reach the maximum growth rate(Tmgr).Using Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)asan model species,there was linear relationship between the logarithmic value of viable bacterial concentration(lgC)and Tmgr over the range of 5×101-5×106 CFU/mL,with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL.For oyster sauce,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-80.775lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+754.96(R2=0.9907),and the recovery rates of S.typhimurium ranged from 95.2%to 119.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSD)ranging from 3.5%to 16.3%.For milk,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-71.922 lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+618.65(R2=0.9985),with recovery rates ranging from 98.4%to 110.6%and RSD ranging from 6.4%to 12.8%.The EMGA method required only one portable instrument,and involving only three manual steps,i.e.,dilution,transfer,and insertion.When S.typhimurium contamination reached 106 CFU/mL,the total time consumption,from the unwrapping of samples to the readout of bacterial concentration,was no more than 7 h.When applied to detection of actual oyster sauce and milk samples,the new method demonstrated strong consistency with plate counting results in positive detection rates.This method was superior to the plate counting method,which was generally considered as a gold standard,in terms of accuracy,precision,simplicity and efficiency,representing a promising alternative for the on-site screening and quantification of viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk products.

Nursery services are a vital component of childcare for infants and toddlers.The quality and management of nursery services significantly impact the holistic development of infants and toddlers in terms of their physical,psychological,and social skills and capabilities.The first 1000 days in the life of an infant or toddler are a critical period that shapes their health status for their whole life,which highlights the need to prioritize health in childcare for infants and toddlers and to approach daily childcare services from a medical perspective.Based on the approach of integrating medical care and education,we innovatively explored and constructed a multidisciplinary patrol supervision model for childcare services,focusing on the PDCA cycle(Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle).We aim at establishing a multidisciplinary team of medical and nursing experts who provide evaluation and guidance for the institutional management,health management for infants and toddlers,disease prevention,and risk identification and screening of childcare services for infants and toddlers.This approach addresses the issue of the simplistic nature of the traditional patrol supervision involving only childcare physicians,improves service quality with high efficiency,meets the expectations of both childcare service providers and the families of infants and toddlers-the users of childcare services,enhances the effective implementation of childcare for infants and toddlers based on the integration of medical care and education,and improves the quality of a health-centered approach to childcare for infants and toddlers.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of combined detection strategies using multiple technologies for the genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis for pedigrees affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) for optimizing genetic counseling and reproductive guidance. METHODS: This study has involved 142 subjects from 65 suspected DMD families who had visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2023. A combination of multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), quantitative fluorescence PCR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used. After confirming the genetic diagnosis of the probands, prenatal diagnosis was provided for carrier mothers. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: 2021-264). RESULTS: Among the 142 subjects tested, 73 cases of large deletions/duplications and 15 cases of small variants of the DMD gene were detected. The hotspot regions for the variants were exons 45 to 55. A total of 41 variant types were identified, of which 3 were previously unreported. In 19 families with suspected patients, 7 exonic deletions, 2 exonic duplications, and 3 small variants were identified. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on 48 fetuses from 46 families, revealing 16 affected male fetuses (including 12 with deletion variants, 2 with duplication variants, and 2 with small variants). Seven carrier females were identified among the 16 female fetuses (including 6 with deletions and 1 with duplication). Among the couples with an affected fetus, 16 had opted to terminate the pregnancy, while the parents of 32 fetuses had chosen to continue with the pregnancy. In families undergoing prenatal diagnosis, 53 (79.1%) pregnant women and their family members were found to carry mutations of the DMD gene. CONCLUSION The combined detection strategy of MLPA, qPCR, and NGS can encompass large deletions/duplications and small variants of the DMD gene, providing timely and accurate prenatal diagnosis for families affected by DMD. In conjunction with genetic counseling, this can effectively reduce the risk of producing affected offspring, which is crucial for the prevention and control of this disease.
Humans ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis* ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Female ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pedigree ; Genetic Testing/methods* ; Dystrophin/genetics* ; Adult ; Genetic Counseling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Exons

Objective To investigate the expression of PLCD3 mRNA in the synovium of osteoarthritis(OA)and its relationship with immune cell infiltration.Methods Based on the differentially expressed genes of OA found in the previous study,the expression of phospholipase Cδ3(PLCD3)mRNA was detected by col-lecting synovial samples from OA group and control group.CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the infiltration pattern of immune cells in OA group and control group,and the correlation between PLCD3 and infiltrating immune cells was further analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the relative expres-sion level of PLCD3 mRNA was significantly increased in synovial samples of OA group(P<0.05).The pro-portions of B cells naive,NK cells activated,M2 macrophages and mast cells activated in synovial tissues of OA group were relatively high(P<0.05).PLCD3 was positively correlated with the proportion of these four immune cells(P<0.05).Conclusion PLCD3 may be a key biomarker for the diagnosis of OA,which may be involved in the pathogenesis of OA by interacting with infiltrating immune cells.

In recent years, the abuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic tolerance in the process of bacterial treatment, the morbidity and mortality caused by drug-resistant bacterial infection have further increased significantly. Drug delivery systems can be precisely designed to achieve controlled drug release, thereby reducing the risk of antibiotic toxicity and resistance, it is urgent to seek novel drug delivery systems to address the challenges posed by bacterial infections. This review first outlines the epidemic and prevention situation of bacterial infection, and further summarizes living microorganisms and their derivatives-based drug delivery systems, focusing on their natural characteristics such as surface specific proteins, physiological signal sensing, directed movement, and secretion of antibacterial substances, which show great potential in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases by demonstrating their antibacterial effects. This review aims to provide ideas for the development of novel drug delivery systems based on living microorganisms and their derivatives for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.

italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely recognized for its blood-activating and stasis-removing properties in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The synthesis and regulatory mechanism of tanshinones, the key active constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been a hot topic of research. The paper summarized the research findings on the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis by transcription factors such as AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB, bZIP, and WRKY in recent years. The review identifies the existing issues in the transcriptional regulation studies of Salvia miltiorrhiza and discusses the research direction of transcription factors in the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis, providing a theoretical basis for the further discovery and utilization of functional genes involved in the regulation of tanshinone bioactive constituents.