Acoustics ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; Cats ; Classification ; Humans ; Pliability ; Vocalization, Animal

pliability and pruritus compared to control group.CONCLUSION: Application of Eucalyptus Oil combined with conventional silicone gel is favorable to scar management and may give additional benefit of alleviating pruritis symptoms.]]>
Cicatrix ; Coinfection ; Eucalyptus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pigmentation ; Pliability ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Transplant Donor Site ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.
Amyloid ; Automatic Data Processing ; Brain ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Mass Screening ; Memory Disorders ; Neurons ; Plastics ; Pliability ; Research Personnel ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Diseases ; Visual Perception ; White Matter

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between a flexible parental visiting environment and parental stress in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).METHODS: The study participants included 60 parents of premature infants in NICUs. Structured questionnaires and interviews, as well as observations by researchers using a caregiving behavior checklist, were used to measure the flexibility of the parental visiting environment and parents' stress levels. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently and were initially analyzed as separate data sets. Data collection extended from March 11, 2018 to June 30. 2018 and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients.RESULTS: There was a negative correlation (r=−.30, p=.021) between parental stress and the total number of visits in 7 days. We also found that the average duration of each visit and the number of caregiving behaviors performed by parents were positively correlated (r=.73, p<.001).CONCLUSION: When designing a flexible visiting environment for parents, parents should be encouraged to visit their babies. By doing so, stress can be reduced both for babies and for parents. Therefore, it is suggested that the related polices and regulations in South Korea should be changed to provide more a flexible visiting environment to promote better parent-child attachment and family adjustment.
Checklist ; Data Collection ; Dataset ; Family Nursing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Parents ; Pliability ; Social Control, Formal ; Stress, Psychological ; Visitors to Patients

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of Static stretching and Mulligan's Two-leg rotation about the Hamstring flexibility, Hip range of motion, and pain.METHODS: The subjects were allocated randomly into two groups: Static stretching group (n=13) and Mulligan's two leg rotation group (n=14). The study was designed with stretching protocols for four minutes and thirty seconds per day five times a week for three weeks in total. Measurements, including the Sit and reach test, Active/Passive Straight leg raise, and Visual analogue scale, were conducted before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and independent t-test.RESULTS: The flexibility of the two leg rotation group was higher than the static stretching group after the intervention. The post-sit and reach test value of the two leg rotation group was significantly higher than the pre-sit and reach test value of the static stretching group. In addition, the variance of the sit and reach test of the two leg rotation group was significantly higher than that of the static stretching group.CONCLUSION: These results showed that two leg rotation techniques have a positive effect on the changes in the sit and reach test and active straight leg raise test. Two leg rotation techniques can be recommended as a self-stretching and easier way to stabilize the lumbopelvic rhythm, reduce the stiffness of the muscle and relieve pain. This is effective in preventing muscle damage, enabling muscle relaxation and reducing the risk of injury to the spine during daily lives and in sports activities.
Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle Stretching Exercises ; Pliability ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine ; Sports ; Young Adult

Despite the successful development of modern medical educational systems within the last century, such systems need improvement in terms of developing better ways to educate medical students as future clinicians while also nurturing them to be good physician scientists. The period from 1964 to 1972 was called the Golden Era of Nobel Laureates in Medicine. Nine laureates, all graduates from American medical schools, came to the United States National Institute of Health (NIH). During the Vietnam War, many medical doctors substituted military service for service in the NIH, became members of the United States National Academy of Sciences, and attained brilliant medical and scientific achievements. There is a crucial lesson to learn from this golden time of the NIH: ambitious young physicians given opportunities to become cutting-edge scientists can make fundamental discoveries. In hopes of encouraging a similar “golden era” for medical research in Korea, I suggest three steps. First, medical schools and the educational system should provide medical students with more opportunities to conduct in-depth medical research in various fields. Second, the Physician Scientist Program should be further expanded to include more medical students and clinical board holders. Better treatments and approaches are essential for gathering both bright candidates and brilliant mentors, who will support each other in making outstanding scientific discoveries. Finally, the flexibility of the medical educational system in terms of medical students and clinical residency needs updating. In conclusion, a national medical educational system that is well balanced can maintain and support both excellent physician scientists and skillful clinicians.
Hope ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea ; Mentors ; Military Personnel ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Pliability ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical ; United States ; Vietnam

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine which of the proximal adjacent segment disease (ASD) and distal ASD was more prevalent and what parameters is more related to ASD in proximal levels and distal levels after more than 2 levels fusions.METHODS: The medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 856 cases. A total of 66 cases of ASD were enrolled. On pre-op magnetic resonance imaging, disc degeneration was measured at the upper and lower parts of surgically treated levels and confirmed by the commonly used Pfirrmann grade. Segmental flexibility in sagittal plane was embodied in segment range of motion (ROM) obtained through flexion and extension X-ray before surgery. Coronal angle was recorded as methods Cobb’s angle including fusion levels preoperatively. For the comparison of categorical variables between two independent groups, the chi-square test and Fisher exact test were performed.RESULTS: Proximal ASD and distal ASD were 37/856 (4.32%) and 29/856 (3.39%), respectively. The incidence of proximal ASD was relatively high but insignificant differences. In comparison between ASD group and non ASD group, proximal Pfirmman was higher in proximal ASD and distal Pfirmman was higher in distal ASD group (p=0.005, p<0.008, respectively). However, in the ROM, proximal ROM was higher in proximal ASD, but distal ROM was not different between the two groups (p<0.0001, p=0.995, respectively). Coronal angle was not quite different in both groups (p=0.846).CONCLUSION: In spite of higher frequency in ASD in proximal level in spinal fusion, it is not clear that incidence of ASD in proximal level is not higher than that of distal ASD group in more than 2 level thoracolumbar fusions. Not only Pfirrmann grade but also proximal segmental ROM is risk factor for predicting the occurrence of ASD in patients more than 2 level of thoracolumbar spine fusion operation excluding L5S1.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Pliability ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study compared two types of skin graft reconstruction for the defect of the radial forearm free flap. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ten cases of split-thickness skin graft (STSG) harvested from the thigh were analyzed. Also, ten cases of full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) harvest from the inguinal area applied with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) system were analyzed. RESULTS: The defect size of the radial forearm was increased more in the STSG group than in the FTSG group (p<0.05). Skin grafts were recovered completely sooner in the FTSG group than in the STSG group although it was not statistically significant (p=0.082). Five complications (pruritus, hypertrophic scar) were found in the donor site in the STSG group (p<0.05). FTSG gave better scores according to the Vancouver Scar Scale in terms of pigmentation, pliability, and height (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: FTSG harvested from the inguinal area with the application of VAC system has many advantages for the defect of the radial forearm free flap although it is usually used for smaller size defects than for STSGs.
Cicatrix ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Methods ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Pigmentation ; Pliability ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to perform validity and reliability examination of the Turkish form of Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire, and to investigate whether this scale is a measurement tool for evaluation of psychological flexibility levels in a sample of patients with diabetes in Turkey. METHODS: This study was conducted with 105 patients. Turkish forms of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and STAI-II), Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) and Turkish form of Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (TAADQ) were applied. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS was used in statistical analysis. RESULTS: 56.12% of the patients were female and the mean of age was 54 (SD=±9.9) years. The mean duration of education was found 7.65 (SD=3.97) years. 74.8% of the patients most of whom (83.3%, n=85) had diabetes mellitus and the mean glycemic control calculated with HbA1c was 8.02±1.91. According to the final fit indices, we found that the revised and corrected 9-item model was superior over the previous model. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of TAADQ was found as 0.836. CONCLUSION: TAADQ is a valid and reliable assessment tool in Turkish population. So TAADQ will be a powerfull tool in assessing psychological flexibility in diabetes patients.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Pliability ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Turkey

BACKGROUND: Ice cooling vests can cause tissue damage and have no flexibility. Therefore, these two undesirable properties of ice cooling vest were optimized, and the present study was aimed to compare the impact of the optimized ice cooling vest and a commercial paraffin cooling vest on physiological and perceptual strain under controlled conditions. METHODS: For optimizing, hydrogel was used to increase the flexibility and a layer of the ethylene vinyl acetate foam was placed into the inside layer of packs to prevent tissue damage. Then, 15 men with an optimized ice cooling vest, with a commercial paraffin cooling vest, and without a cooling vest performed tests including exercise on a treadmill (speed of 2.8 km/hr and slope of %0) under hot (40℃) and dry (40 %) condition for 60 min. The physiological strain index and skin temperature were measured every 5 and 15 minutes, respectively. The heat strain score index and perceptual strain index were also assessed every 15 minutes. RESULTS: The mean values of the physiological and perceptual indices differed significantly between exercise with and without cooling vests (P < 0.05). However, the difference of the mean values of the indices except the value of the skin temperature during the exercises with the commercial paraffin cooling vest and the optimized ice cooling vest was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The optimized ice cooling vest was as effective as the commercial paraffin cooling vest to control the thermal strain. However, ice has a greater latent heat and less production cost.
Exercise ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Ice ; Male ; Paraffin ; Pliability ; Skin Temperature