Purpose: This study compared nasal septum deviation (NSD), nasal deformities, and anterior nasal spine deviation (ANSD) and evaluated their relationships in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and no cleft, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 98 individuals (43 with UCLP, 33 with BCLP, and 22 non-cleft individuals; aged 8-36 years). CBCT measurements of NSD, nasal morphology, and ANSD were obtained. Group differences and correlations among NSD, nasal deformities, and ANSD were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance, paired t-tests, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression (P<0.05). Results: NSD was highly prevalent, affecting approximately 97% of patients with cleft lip and palate and 86% of non-cleft individuals. Cleft type was significantly related to the severity and shape classification of NSD; UCLP was associated with greater severity than BCLP, which was linked to greater severity than in non-cleft individuals.Conversely, age and sex displayed no significant relationships with NSD occurrence. Patients with UCLP exhibitedthe most pronounced nasal asymmetry and significantly greater ANSD, with deviation toward the non-cleft side consistently observed. In patients with BCLP, NSD and ANSD demonstrated a moderate to substantial positive correlation (r = 0.47), although their deviations often occurred in opposite directions. Conclusion Patients with BCLP exhibit a comparatively symmetrical nasal appearance; however, the nasolabial area remains affected. Both NSD and ANSD contribute substantially to nasal deformities in patients with cleft lip and palate, particularly those with UCLP.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone changes after alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The occlusal radiographs taken from 50 UCLP patients were surveyed retrospectively. The images were categorized as: 50 images in group 0 (before bone grafting), 33 images in group 1 (one month after bone grafting), 24 images in group 2 (2-4 months after bone grafting), 15 images in group 3 (5-7 months after bone grafting), and 21 images in group 4 (8 or more months after bone grafting). Each image was grouped as either "non-cleft side" or "cleft side". The CAD system was used five times for each side to calculate the pixel area based on the mathematical morphology. Significant differences were found using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test or paired samples t test. RESULTS: The pixel area showed a significant difference between the "non-cleft side" and "cleft side" in group 0 (404.27+/-103.72/117.73+/-92.25; p=0.00), group 1 (434.29+/-86.70/388.31+/-109.51; p=0.01), and group 4 (430.98+/-98.11/366.71+/-154.59; p=0.02). No significant differences were found in group 2 (423.57+/-98.12/383.47+/-135.88; p=0.06) or group 3 (433.02+/-116.07/384.16+/-146.55; p=0.19). CONCLUSION: Based on the design of this study, alveolar bone grafting was similar to normal bone within 2-7 months postoperatively.
Bone Transplantation ; Cleft Lip ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Palate ; Radiography, Dental ; Retrospective Studies