There is an urgent need for noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and dynamic monitoring of tumor.Urinary volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have become a research hotspot due to their easy acces-sibility,high sensitivity and ability to reflect metabolic abnormalities.VOCs originate from host metabolism,transformation of exogenous substances and microbial activities,and their changes are related to cancer meta-bolic reprogramming.This article reviews the generation mechanisms,detection technologies and clinical ap-plications of urinary VOCs.Advances in detection technologies have significantly improved the detection effi-ciency of urinary VOCs,and clinical studies have shown high sensitivity in diseases such as bladder and pros-tate cancer.However,urinary VOCs still face challenges such as lack of standardised methods,external inter-ferences and small sample size limitations,although they have shown potential to differentiate between differ-ent types of tumor.In the future,it is necessary to promote the translation of urinary VOCs from the laborato-ry to the clinic through the integration of multi-omics,large-scale validation driven by artificial intelligence and the development of miniaturised devices,and to build an integrated system for"early screening-diagnosis-ther-apeutic effect monitoring".

Objective To translate English version of sensory-motor profile awake ( SMP-a) into Chinese version (the Chinese Version of SMP-a),and analyze the reliability and validity of the scale before and after craniotomy under awakening anesthesia. Methods Eighty-one patients whose tumors were located near or already in sensory-motor functional area were included in this study. Before and after awake cranioto-my,the Chinese version of SMP-a was used to accurately assess the sensory-motor function of each patient. Finally, the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results Cronbach's α coefficient in the Chinese version of SMP-a was 0. 971,and Cronbach's α coefficient in the four subscales of face,hand,leg and sensation was 0. 965,0. 989,0. 981 and 0. 970,respectively. The test-retest reliability of the Chinese version of sensorimotor assessment scale was 0. 910,0. 904,0. 884,0. 898 and 0. 695 (total,face,hands,legs and sensory score respectively). The raters' consistency reliability was above 0. 949,0. 960,0. 934,0. 887 and 0. 660,respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients of sensorimotor function score with SF-36 physiological function factors and KPS score were 0. 868 and 0. 790,respectively. Conclusion Before or after operation,the Chinese version of SMP-a has preferable reliability,internal con-sistency reliability and structural validity. It is feasible in awakening anesthesia craniotomy,and the degree of damage can be determined by repeated measurement of the sensorimotor sites that may be impaired by the patient.

Objective: To evaluate the function of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) during mouse teeth development. Methods:Expression of DSPP mRNA in the first molar of Balb/c mice at different developmental stages was detected by in situ hybridization. Resullts: DSPP mRNA in odontoblasts was detected in the samples at middle bell stage and ran through the later stages. In addition, it was detected in ameloblasts as well as in preameloblasts. Conclusion: DSPP expresses with temporospatial characters. It may play an important role in tooth morphogenesis