Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

【Objective】 To discuss the influence of direct reimbursement of blood expenses in hospitals on the recruitment of blood donors in Xianyang City. 【Methods】 Blood donors or reimbursers, who reimbursed blood expenses either at hospitals or at our blood center were investigated, and these two kinds of blood expense reimbursements were compared in terms of convenience, the impact on the enthusiasm of blood donation, as well as the impact of the awareness of hospital reimbursement on the recruitment of blood donors. 【Results】 The direct reimbursement of blood expenses at hospitals took 22 minutes per person, without any round trips nor transportation costs. The rate of satisfaction, long-term intention to blood donation, and voluntary mobilization of others were 98.11%, 91.89%, and 82.56%, respectively, higher than those in the reimbursers at blood station(P<0.01). 35.16%, 38.90%, 98.56%, 94.24% and 93.37% of the blood donors, who were aware of benefits of hospital reimbursement, had donated for 2~3 times, donated more than 3 times, satisfied with the way of reimbursement, intended to redonate and mobilize others, which were higher than those who were unaware of the the hospital reimbursement(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Direct reimbursement of blood expenses at hospitals not only improved the convenience, but also increased the enthusiasm of blood donors by improving their satisfaction, which was conductive to blood donation recruitment.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and seasonal distribution of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in a suburban town in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. Methods The incidence data of a suburban town in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018 was collected through the Chinese disease prevention and control information system and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results From 2012 to 2018, a total of 538 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were reported in the suburban town in Shanghai, with an average annual incidence of 186.27/100,000. The difference in incidence between each year was statistically significant (χ²=107.95, P<0.05). The age of onset was mainly children under 5 years old. Peak incidence was from May to September. The main occupation was scattered children. HFMD outbreaks mainly occurred in nurseries and schools, accounting for 60.53% of the total number of outbreaks. Conclusion From 2012 to 2018, the incidence of HFMD in a suburban town in Shanghai had a certain seasonality. It is recommended to implement preventive measures against HFMD for key populations and key places before the high incidence period to reduce the occurrence of severe cases and epidemic situations.

Objective To explore the short and long-term efficacy of extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE)vs.conventional abdominoperineal excision (APE)on distal rectal cancer.Methods Relevant studies were identified by search of Medline,EMBASE,and Web of Science published between January 1,2008 and February 28,2015,and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis with Stata software (version 12.0). Results Our Meta-analysis included 14 studies involving 3278 patients,of whom 1843 (56.2%)underwent ELAPE and 1435 (43.8%)underwent APE.Compared with patients undergoing APE,those undergoing ELAPE had a significantly reduced risk of intraoperative bowel perforation (IBP)involvement (OR=0 .55 ,95% CI= 0 .37-0 .85 ),but no significant reduction in the occurrence of CRM positivity (OR=0 .81 ,95% CI=0 .52-1 .25 ), local recurrence (LR)(OR=0.49,95% CI=0.18-1.30),wound complications (WCs)(OR=0.93,95% CI=0.65-1.35)or in-hospital death (IHD)(OR=0.89,95% CI=0.47-1.71).Conclusion ELAPE can reduce the risk of IBP but not for CRM positivity or LR when compared with APE.Therefore,more higher-quality studies are needed to verify the short-and long-term effects of ELAPE procedure on distal rectal cancer.

Objectives Construct a subtractive library of Caski cell line induced by exposing to the space environment by suppression subtractive hybridization and pave the way to explain the molecular mechanisms of the changes at the gene level. Methods Super SMART cDNA synthesis and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) were performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragments from strains subclonal 48A9 cell line. cDNA from the 48A9 cell line were used as " tester" , and the other from the control Caski cell line as "driver". Subtractive products were directly inserted into T/A cloning vector, and then transformed into host bacteria to set up a subtractive cDNA library of specially or highly expressed genes in strains subclonal 48A9 cell line. Results mRNA were directly extracted and purified with good quality. Double strand cDNA were reverse transcripted integratedly, and then cut by Rsa I into even length short segments. Liga-tion was identified as high effective. After two hybridizations, a subtractive library of differentially expressed genes in strains subclonal 48A9 cell line was successfully constructed by SSH. Conclusion SSH is an effective approach to isolate differentially expressed genes.

We investigated the psychological condition of 70 inpatients who had esophageal and cardiac carcinoma before radical operation with Hamilton Anxiety Scales.For the patients with anxiety,we carried out psychological intervention before operation which includes general care,follow-up,collective psychotherapy,keep disease condition individually and so on.The results showed the treatment had great benefit to most of the patients.