Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo study the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing of hyperlipidemia inpatients, thus exploring the CM syndrome typing laws.

METHODSThe clinical materials, including blood lipids, grading,complications, CM symptoms, and manifestations of tongue and pulse were recorded using self-formulated epidemiological questionnaire of CM syndrome in hyperlipidemia, and then these materials were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSGan-qi stagnation syndrome (66.46%) was the most often seen syndrome in the 316 hyperlipidemia inpatients. Gan stagnation Pi-deficiency syndrome (35.44%), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (16.77%), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (13.61%), inner stagnation of phlegm and stasis syndrome (13.29%), hyperactivity of yang and hypoactivity of yin syndrome (9. 18%) were 5 common syndromes of hyperlipidemia. Gan stagnation Pi-deficiency syndrome occupied an important position among all types and at various levels. Results from the lipid classification of hyperlipidemia showed that mixed type with low HDL-C was the most often seen (108/316, 34.18%), followed by mixed hyperlipidemia (81/316, 25.63%). Totally the mixing type accounted for 59.81% (189/316), higher than hypertriglyceridemia (16.77%) and hypercholesterolemia (23.42%).

CONCLUSIONSGan stagnation pi-deficiency syndrome might be the core syndrome affecting the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemia. Mixed hyperlipidemia was the most often seen in clinics. Clinical medication should cover actions of decreasing TC and TG, and increasing HDL-C.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; diagnosis ; Inpatients ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the retentive force and deformation of acetal resin clasp.

METHODS40 premolars and 40 molars were cast respectively. Undercut of 0.25 mm or 0.50 mm depth were measured for each with undercut gage. According to the type of abutment and the depth of undercut, the specimens were divided into 4 groups: Premolars with 0.25 mm undercut, premolars with 0.50 mm undercut, molars with 0.25 mm undercut and molars with 0.50 mm undercut, 20 specimens each group. 10 three-arm clasps with resin and Co-Cr alloy were fabricated in each group, respectively. The clasps were set into the corresponding abutments and soaked in distilled water. The retentive force of the clasps when 0, 720, 1440, 2160, 2880, 3600, 4320 consecutive times of setting in and removing out from the abutments were measured. The distance between the tips of retentive arm and resistant arm after 0 and 4320 cycles were recorded.

RESULTS1) The mean retentive force of resin clasps (1.69 N) was significantly lower than that of Co-Cr clasps (5.87 N) (P<0.01). With the same factors, the retentive force of resin clasps were significantly less than that of Co-Cr clasps (P<0.01). The retentive force of molar clasps were significantly lower than that of premolar models (P<0.01). The retentive force of 0.25 mm undercut clasps were significantly lower than that of 0.50 mm undercut clasps (P<0.01). With increasing time of the cycles, the retentive force of Co-Cr clasps significantly reduced (P<0.01), but the retentive force of resin clasps didn't change significantly (P>0.05). 2) After 4320 times, the distance between the tips of retentive arm and resistant arm of Co-Cr clasps increased significantly (P<0.05), but the distance between the tips of resin clasps didn't change significantly (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe retentive force and deformation of the resin clasp are significantly lower than those of Co-Cr clasp.

Bicuspid ; Chromium Alloys ; Dental Clasps ; Denture Retention ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques