This paper summarizes Professor LU Fang's clinical experience in treating systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） based on the differentiation and treatment of heat-toxin and blood-stasis in the collaterals. SLE is generally characterized by deficiency in origin with excess in manifestation. The core pathogenesis is heat-toxin obstructing the collaterals. During the acute active stage， the predominant pattern is blazing heat-toxin causing blood stasis， while in the chronic remitting stage， the main pattern is toxic stasis blocking the collaterals with qi and yin deficiency. Clinical treatment follows the basic principle that treat with salty-cold herbs， when heat invades internally and that assist with acrid-dispersing herbs when stasis obstructs the collaterals. The self-formulated Yimian Decoction （抑免汤） serves as the base formula and is applied in stages. During the acute active stage， it is often combined with herbs for clearing heat and detoxifying， cooling blood and resolving stasis， and unblocking the collaterals. In the chronic remitting stage， it is often combined with herbs for activating blood circulation and unblocking the collaterals， as well as tonifying qi and nourishing yin.

This paper explores the therapeutic approach for glaucoma based on the concept of "jueyin （厥阴） as the closing phase" from the perspectives of time and space. In traditional Chinese medicine， jueyin governs inward， converging aspect of qi， representing the crucial turning point between the end of yin and the emergence of yang， as well as the transformation between yin and yang. When the closing and descending function of jueyin operates smoothly， it promotes the inward convergence and smooth descent of qi， enabling the internal retention of blood， spirit， and emotions， which nourishes the internal organs and moistens the meridian-sinews. Conversely， dysfunction of this "closing" mechanism results in a disturbance of yin and yang， a mixture of cold and heat， and disharmony of qi and blood. It is proposed that "failure of jueyin to properly close and descend" is a core pathomechanism of glaucoma. From the perspective of spatiotemporal theory， clinical treatment should focus on "regulating the closing function of jueyin and harmonizing yin and yang". The modified Wumei Pill （乌梅丸） is recommended to adjust the ascending-descending and entering-exiting dynamics of jueyin qi transformation， thereby restoring its free flow， achieving yin and yang balance， and ensuring nourishment to the ocular system.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of comprehensive nursing based on the behavioral goal attainment model on the clinical intervention effect among elderly female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), so as to provide a basis for optimizing the nursing strategies for patients with SUI and improving their quality of life. Methods: A total of 190 elderly female patients with SUI who were treated in the Department of Gynecology of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2023 to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group received comprehensive nursing based on the behavioral goal attainment model. The 1-hour pad test was used to assess urinary incontinence symptoms. The bio-electrical stimulation feedback instrument was employed to detect the electromyogram (EMG) values in the pre-resting stage and slow-muscle stage for evaluating pelvic floor function. The bladder function scale was utilized to evaluate bladder function. The Chinese version of urinary incontinence ego-efficacy rating scales and incontinence quality of life assessment scale (IQOL) were used to assess self-efficacy and quality of life. The data on intervention compliance and nursing satisfaction were collected by a questionnaire survey. The differences between the two groups before and after the intervention were compared using the analysis of variance for repeated-measures data to evaluate the intervention effect. Results: There were 95 cases in the control group and 95 cases in the intervention group, with median ages were 64.00 (interquartile range, 23.50) and 64.50 (interquartile range, 19.50) years, respectively. The proportion of patients with cesarean section as the last delivery method was 21.05% in the control group and 12.63% in the intervention group. The proportion of patients with moderate disease severity was 67.36% in the control group and 58.95% in the intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries, marital status, educational level, mode of last delivery and severity of the disease between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The analysis of variance of repeated-measures data showed that there were significant interactions between time and group for the urine leakage volume in the 1-hour pad test, the EMG values in the pre-resting stage, the EMG values in the slow-muscle stage, the scores of the bladder function, the self-efficacy scores, and the IQOL scores (all P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the EMG values in the slow-muscle stage, the scores of the bladder function, the self-efficacy scores, the IQOL scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, while the urine leakage volume in the 1-hour pad test and the EMG values in the pre-resting stage in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The good compliance rate of intervention and the satisfaction rate of nursing in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (83.16% vs. 60.00%, 90.53% vs. 75.79%, both P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing based on the behavioral goal attainment model can improve urinary incontinence symptoms, pelvic floor function, bladder function, self-efficacy, quality of life, and intervention compliance of elderly female patients with SUI.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Purpose To investigate the expression status of GNL3 in gastric cancer,and to explore the role of GNL3 in tumor proliferation,invasion and migration.Methods The ex-pression of GNL3 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was analyzed by searching database.The expression of GNL3 protein in 51 gastric cancer tissues and 51 adjacent non-tumor tissues was de-tected by immunohistochemistry(IHC)SP method.The correla-tion between GNL3 protein expression and gastric cancer clinical pathological features was analyzed by x2 test.The expression of GNL3 in gastric cancer cells was silenced by transfection of sh-RNA,and the silencing efficiency was verified by Western blot.The effect of silencing GNL3 on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells was examined by CCK-8,colony formation and EdU stai-ning.In addition,wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the effect of GNL3 silencing on cell invasion and migration.Results SangerBox and UALCAN database re-trieval showed that the expression of GNL3 mRNA was signifi-cantly increased in gastric cancer tissues(P＜0.01).IHC stai-ning showed that the positive expression rate of GNL3 protein in gastric cancer tissues was 96.1％,and the high expression rate was 78.4％,which was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues(74.5％,51.0％,P＜0.01).Moreover,the high expression of GNL3 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients(x2=4.933,P=0.026).CCK-8,colony formation and EdU staining showed that GNL3 silencing inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cell SGC-7901.The wound-healing and Transwell assay showed that GNL3 silencing inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell.Conclusion The GNL3 protein is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues,and closely related to the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

In recent years,the global prevalence of obesity has continued to rise,with a preference for high-sugar and high-fat foods being one of the primary contributors to this condition.Food preference refers to the degree of individual liking for specific foods,and its formation is closely related to the physiological effects such as satiety,satisfaction and reward that occur after food digestion in the gastrointestinal tract.With the continuous advancement of technologies such as neuroimaging and chemogenetics,the underlying neural and physiological mechanisms of food preference behavior are gradually being elucidated.Studies have shown that the digestion and absorption of food in the gastrointestinal tract can release chemical or electrical signals,which are transmitted to the central nervous system via neural pathways,humoral pathways and the gut-brain axis mediated by gut microbiota.Subsequently,these signals regulate feeding behavior by activating or inhibiting neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract,the dopaminergic reward pathways and relevant neural circuits in the hypothalamus.Based on this,the article introduces the definition,evaluation methods and mechanisms of food preference,and reviews the pathways of food information transmission within the gut-brain axis,the reward circuits that modulate food preference and the application of food preference behavior to the treatment of obesity,in order to provide reference for research in the field of food preference and obesity treatment.

AIM:To explore the possible mechanism of Yiqi-Huoxue formula(YQHXF)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups,namely,the sham,mod-el,nimodipine,and low-,middle-and high-dose YQHXF groups.The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model was established in all groups except the sham group.After successful modeling,the YQHXF low-,me-dium-,and high-dose groups were given 3.8,7.5,and 15 g?kg-1?d-1 of YQHXF,respectively,by gavage,while the ni-modipine group was given 12 mg?kg-1?d-1 of nimodipine tablets by gavage.The sham and model groups were given 10 mL?kg-1?d-1 of distilled water by gavage.After 14 days of drug intervention,the rats were euthanized and the neurological func-tion was evaluated.The infarct volume was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining and brain histopathological changes were determined by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate changes in autophagosomes,with immunofluorescence used to assess expression of microtubule-associ-ated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein in the cerebral cortex,Western blot was used to measure protein levels of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-Akt,Akt,p-mTOR,mTOR,LC3B,p62,beclin-1,and Atg5,and RT-qPCR was used to determined LC3 and P62 mRNA expression.RESULTS:Compared with the sham group,the neural function scores of rats in the model group rats were significantly increased,and TTC staining revealed large areas of white cerebral infarction.There was severe pathological damage to the cerebral tissue in the ischemic cortical area,and large numbers of autophagosomes were seen inside the cells.Immunofluorescence staining showed significant numbers of LC3B-positive cells(P<0.01).Protein expression of beclin-1,Atg5,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),while that of p62 was markedly downregulated(P<0.01).The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins was also significantly reduced(P<0.01).In addition,the mRNA expression of LC3 was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),with downregulation of P62 mRNA levels(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,both the YQHXF medium-and high-dose groups showed upregulated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ values after 12 h of reperfusion(P<0.01),followed by downregulation of the ratios(P<0.05)after 3,7,and 14 days of reperfusion.Furthermore,after 14 days of reperfusion,compared with the model group,the middle-and high-dose YQHXF groups and the nimodipine group showed reduced neurological function scores(P<0.01),reduced cerebral infarction volumes(P<0.01),improvements in the pathological damage to cortical tis-sue,and reduced autophagosome formation to varying degrees.At the same time,the number of LC3B-positive cells was reduced(P<0.01).Protein expression of beclin-1,Atg5,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ was significantly downregulated,while that of p62 was upregulated(P<0.01).The mRNA expression of LC3 and p62 was consistent with the protein levels(P<0.01).In addition,the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins was upregulated(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:YQHXF can dynamically regulate autophagy in ischemic brain tissue,with inhibition of excess autophagy by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,thus reducing the infarct volume,alleviating brain dam-age,and promoting the recovery of neurological function.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg or 200 mg combined with yiqibuvir for 12 weeks in patients with various genotypes of chronic hepatitis C, without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis.Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C (without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis) were randomly assigned to the antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (100 mg group) or the antaitasvir phosphate 200 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (200 mg group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The drugs were continuously administered once a day for 12 weeks and observed for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. The drug safety profile was assessed concurrently with the observation of the sustained virological response (SVR12) in the two patient groups 12 weeks following the drug cessation. The intention-to-treat concept was used to define as closely as possible a full analysis set, including all randomized cases who received the experimental drug at least once. The safety set was collected from all subjects who received the experimental drug at least once (regardless of whether they participated in the randomization group) in this study. All efficacy endpoints and safety profile data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The primary analysis was performed on a full analysis set. The frequency and proportion of cases were calculated in the experimental drug group (antaitasvir phosphate capsules combined with yiqibuvir tablets) that achieved "HCV RNA

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of KRT8 small interfering RNA(si-KRT8)in exosomes derived from patient serum with hypopharyngeal carcinoma on chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)in human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma FaDu cell line.METHODS The cancerous tissues of hypopharyngeal cancer patients and The serum,cancerous tissues and paracancerous tissues of drug-resistant patients after treatment were collected.A 5-FU-resistant cell line of FaDu(FaDu/R)was constructed for subsequent experiments.Exosomes were isolated from patient serum by ultrafast gradient centrifugation,identified using transmission electron microscopy and Western blot(WB)techniques.si-KRT8 was encapsulated into exosomes(Exosome@si-KRT8)using electroporation technology and subsequently used to treat cells.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and WB were used to detect the expression levels of KRT8 in different tissues,exosomes after electroporation of si-KRT8,and FaDu cells,respectively.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay,migration invasion technique and WB were used to detect the effects of Exosome@si-KRT8 on viability,apoptosis,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of FaDu/R cells.RESULTS The expression level of KRT8 in drug-resistant tissues of hypopharyngeal carcinoma and FaDu/R cells was elevated compared with that in paraneoplastic tissues,cancer tissues and normal FaDu cells(t=15.79,P＜0.01).Isolated patient serum exosomes showed a double membrane structure and expressed both CD63 and TSG101 proteins,and KRT8 expression in exosomes was decreased after electro-transfection with si-KRT8(t=6.70,P＜0.01).Exosome@si-KRT8 inhibited KRT8 protein expression levels in FaDu/R cells(t=123.50,P＜0.01).Compared with the 5-FU group and the 5-FU+Exosome group,Exosome@si-KRT8 was able to inhibit the viability of FaDu/R cells(t=17.07,P＜0.01),promote the level of apoptosis in FaDu/R cells,and inhibit the expression of drug-resistance-associated proteins in FaDu/R cells(P-gp:t=103.20,MDR1:t=238.60,P＜0.01),and Exosome@si-KRT8 was able to suppress the expression of metastasis of FaDu/R cells(t=42.30,t=122.00,P＜0.01)and promoted the expression of E-cadherin while inhibiting the expression level of N-cadherin(t=130.80,t=83.90,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Serum-derived exosome encapsulation of si-KRT8 enhances chemosensitivity of hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells and its mechanism of action may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamatoma(REAH)and nasal polyps(NP)whose lesions are located in bilateral olfactory cleft regions,so as to provide evidence for clinicians in the preoperative differential diagnosis of REAH and NP.METHODS Patients with bilateral olfactory cleft REAH,who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery from June 2006 to August 2023 in Beijing Tongren Hospital,were retrospectively analyzed as the REAH group.Patients with bilateral olfactory cleft NP who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery from January 2023 to October 2023 in Beijing Tongren Hospital were included and set as the NP group.The demographic and clinical characteristics,as well as the sinus CT data were analyzed to explore the intergroup differences.RESULTS Both the REAH group and the NP group included 155 patients.The REAH group was dominated by older men,and the prevalence of comorbid asthma was lower than that in the NP group(P<0.05).In the REAH group,the middle turbinate width,the superior turbinate width,the ratio of middle turbinate width/orbital board width,the ratio of superior turbinate width/middle orbital board width,and the maximum angle between the middle turbinate and nasal septum were significantly higher than those in the NP group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Sinus CT examination can help clinicians identify REAH lesions before surgery,which is conducive to the formulation and implementation of treatment plans.