BACKGROUND:Clinical studies have shown that aerobic exercise is an important supplement to the clinical treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension,which can alleviate the disease condition,increase exercise tolerance and improve the quality of life.However,it is not clear whether patients at different stages of pulmonary hypertension can benefit equally from exercise training. OBJECTIVE:To compare the intervention effects of early or late aerobic training on right heart failure in rats with pulmonary hypertension and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model sedentary group,model early exercise group and model late exercise group,with 15 rats in each group.The model of pulmonary hypertension was established by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline(60 mg/kg)in the latter three groups.The model early exercise group was given 8 weeks of treadmill aerobic exercise(60%maximum running speed,60 minutes per day,5 days a week)after modeling,while the model late exercise group was trained for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of modeling.The control and model sedentary groups were fed quietly in the rat cage for 8 weeks.After training,the exercise performance,right ventricular hemodynamics,cardiopulmonary function,cardiopulmonary histopathology,reactive oxygen species level in mitochondria,activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and expressions of myocardial tissue proteins were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model sedentary group,exercise performance and right ventricular function improved(P<0.05),myocardial collagen content,endothelin-1,tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio and β-myosin heavy chain/α-myosin heavy chain ratio decreased(P<0.05),vascular endothelial growth factor and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-adenosine triphosphate enzyme expression increased(P<0.05),immunofluorescence intensity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the protein expression of 3-nitrotyrosine decreased(P<0.05),the activities of complex I,II,IV and V increased in the model early exercise and model late exercise groups(P<0.05),but there were no significant changes in right ventricular maximum pressure,pulmonary acceleration time and pulmonary artery wall area/total vascular area ratio(P>0.05).Compared with the model late exercise group,the model early exercise group further improved exercise performance and right ventricular function,and downregulated collagen content,brain natriuretic peptide protein expression,tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio and β-myosin heavy chain/α-myosin heavy chain ratio(P<0.05).To conclude,although pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular overload persist in rats with pulmonary hypertension,exercise training at different stages of the disease has a cardioprotective effect.The mechanism is related to the improvement of cardiac remodeling,neurohormone system imbalance,inflammatory response and mitochondrial oxidative stress.Greater benefit is gained from initiating exercise in the early stage of the disease.

BACKGROUND:Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease,and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.Regular physical activity is beneficial to cardiovascular health and can prevent and treat chronic heart disease.However,the specific mechanism of mitochondria in the protective effect of exercise on the aging heart has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiac pathological remodeling in aging rats and to investigate the possible mechanism of mitochondrial quality control system. METHODS:Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into young sedentary group(6 months old),old sedentary group(20 months old)and old exercise group(20 months old)with 20 rats in each group.Rats in the young sedentary and old sedentary groups were fed in cages for 12 weeks,while those in the old exercise group underwent moderate-intensity aerobic treadmill exercise(60%of the maximal running speed,slope 0°,60 minute per day,5 days per week)for 12 weeks.After the experiment,the heart was extracted for relevant indicator tests. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cardiac morphology and myocardial histopathology:compared with the young sedentary group,the rats in the old sedentary group presented with concentric cardiac hypertrophy,myocardial fibrosis,myocardial cell apoptosis and loss,and cardiac diastolic dysfunction(P＜0.05);compared with the old sedentary group,animals in the old exercise group showed reduced myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis rates,increased cell numbers,improved cardiac function(P＜0.05),and a transition in cardiac phenotype from pathological to physiological hypertrophy.Mitochondrial function:compared with the young sedentary group,the generation rate of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide increased(P＜0.05),respiration rate and respiratory control ratio of state 3 and state 4 decreased(P＜0.05),activities of respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ decreased(P＜0.05),mitochondrial calcium retention capacity decreased(P＜0.05),and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening increased(P＜0.05)in the old sedentary group.Compared with the old sedentary group,all of the above indicators were significantly improved in the old exercise group(P＜0.05).Mitochondrial quality control:compared with the young sedentary group,mitochondrial biogenesis decreased(P＜0.05),mitophagy activity increased(P＜0.05),mitochondrial fusion reduced(P＜0.05),and fission raised(P＜0.05)in the old sedentary group;compared with the old sedentary group,mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy activity increased(P＜0.05),mitochondrial fusion raised(P＜0.05)and fission decreased(P＜0.05)in the old exercise group.To conclude,regular aerobic exercises exert cardioprotective effects in aging rats by regulating the mitochondrial quality control system,thus reversing pathological cardiac remodeling and improving cardiac function.

Objective To explore the changes of metabonomics in blood of mice after high-voltage electric shock,then screen out the significantly changed differential metabolites and metabolic pathways.Methods The head of C57BL/6J mice was subjected to high-voltage electric shock(electric shock group)or exposed to acoustic and optical stimulation of high-voltage electric(control group),then the whole blood from mice were collected to separate serum.The dual platform combined metabonomic analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer(LC-MS)was performed and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)was used to screen the differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways.Results A total of 415 differential metabolites were screened out in metabonomics in blood of mice after high-voltage electric shock,including 187 up-regulated and 228 down-regulated metabolites.These differentially metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways including central carbon metabolism in cancer,glucagon signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion By establishing the model of high-voltage electrical injury on experimental mice,this study reveals the significant change of metabolite content and metabolic pathway in blood by high-voltage electrical injury.Which provides a basis for the damage of blood metabolic activity by high-voltage electrical injury,and suggests the potential harm of high-voltage electrical injury to blood metabolic activity in the whole body.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze characteristics and related factors of the plantar pressure during the level walking and single leg standing in the chronic ankle instability (CAI) individuals. METHODS: From April 2019, 75 CAI individuals and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Both of the static and dynamic plantar pressure were measured during six times level walking and three times single leg standing testing. The data including peak force, time to peak force in various foot contact areas and the time to boundary (TTB) and velocity of center of pressure (COP) were measured and compared between the affected side and the unaffected side and between the CAI cases and the healthy individuals. The correlations between the plantar pressure and the gender, Beighton score, affected side and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. RESULTS: The characteristics of plantar pressure distribution in the CAI individuals included: (1) During the level walking, the affected side showed the similar pressure contribution as the unaffected side (P>0.05). While compared with healthy individuals, there was a significantly higher peak force in the 5th metatarsal area (t=-3.86, P=0.03) of the affected side, lower peak force in the 1st (t=2.99, P=0.02), 2nd metatarsal head areas (t=2.09, P=0.01) of the affected side, medial hindfoot areas of both sides (affected, t=2.33, P=0.01; unaffected, t=3.74, P=0.02) and toes areass of both sides (affected, t=2.23, P=0.01; unaffected, t=3.28, P=0.02) and a delay to peak force in the 4th metatarsal head area (t=3.33, P=0.01) of the affected side. (2) During the single leg standing, the CAI individuals showed significantly worse balance control in the anterior/posterior direction (P < 0.05) and lateral/medial direction (P < 0.05) compared with the healthy controls, and the affected side had more severe balance control deficit in the lateral/medial direction (P < 0.05). (3) The women (P < 0.05) and the individuals with higher Beighton scores (P < 0.05) showed worse balance control deficit in the lateral/medial direction. CONCLUSION CAI individuals showed significantly a more lateral shifted plantar distribution during the level walking compared with the healthy individuals and the tendency was worse on the affected sides, and showed worse balance control in the anterior/posterior direction and lateral/medial direction during the single leg standing. The women and those with generalized ligament laxity showed significantly worse balance control.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Joint Instability

Objective To detect the diatom population diversity in Dianchi by constructing a 18S rDNA clone library. Methods DNA from diatoms in 6 water samples of Dianchi was amplified with diatom 18S rDNA specific primer.The 18S rDNA clone library was constructed, and clones were randomly selected for sequence. Sequence alignment was performed by BLAST. The diatom population distribution in Dianchi was analyzed and the phylogenetic tree of diatom 18S rDNA in Dianchi waters was established with the MEGA v7.0.14 software. Results Two hundred and forty clones were sequenced, with 167 diatom sequences obtained, including 11 diatom species such as Stephanodiscus, Diatoma, and Melosira. There were certain differences in diatom population distribution among the 6 samples. Conclusion The population distribution of diatom species in Dianchi shows unique features and the sequence analysis of diatom 18S rDNA has a certain reference value to the inference of forensic drowning sites.
China ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics* ; Diatoms/classification* ; Drowning ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics*

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmacists to participate in the management of chronic disease. METHODS:A total of 259 patients with chronic airway disease [included asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] met the inclusion criteria were selected from our hospital and 5 community health care centers of medical consortium. These patients received medication safety assessment management,which was led by clinical pharmacists of our hospital with the participation of community pharmacists,including medication safety comprehensive evaluation and risk classification management, follow-up and medication guidance, integrated prescriptions checking, establishment of shared database. 1 years after the implementation,the effectiveness were evaluated by score the relatived indicators in related groups. RESULTS:After a year of the management mode practice,compared with before intervention,the patients'safety medication cognitive ability score in high-risk and low-risk group increased from(4.49±1.26)and(7.31±1.01)to(5.40±1.56)and(7.44±0.91);medication adherence score increased from(4.96±1.21)and(7.08±1.24)to(6.66±1.08)and(7.38±0.98);ACT score from asthma patients increased from (16.15±2.58)and(21.15±1.03)to(16.80±2.57)and(21.64±1.55);CAT score from COPD patients decreased from(25.51± 4.07) and (14.90 ± 3.95) to (24.20 ± 3.96) and (13.80 ± 4.08);the rate of irrational prescription effective identification and intervention by pharmacists increased from 3.6％ and 1.4％ to 9.4％ and 7.6％,respectively. All the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The participation of pharmacists in long-term medication safety assessment management for chronic airway disease patients can improve patients'safety medication cognitive ability,medication adherence, disease control and the pharmacists'ability of irrational drug use identification and intervention.

OBJECTIVETo analyze clinical characteristics, genetic mutation and therapeutic effect of seven patients diagnosed with congenital hyperinsulinism(CHI).

METHODSClinical data for the patients was retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSAll patients presented with hyperinsulinism(serum insulin:2.0-58.4 mU/L),even after hypoglycemia (blood glucose: 0.7-2.39 mmol/L) has developed. Mutations were identified in 4 patients (57.1%), which included a heterozygous c.262C to T(p.R88C) mutation in exon 4 of the UCP2 gene, a heterozygous c.1495C to A(p.G499C) mutation in exon 12 of the GLUD1 gene, a heterozygous c.1493C to T(p.S498L) mutation in exon 1 of the GLUD1 gene, and a heterozygous c.4432G to A(p.G1478R) mutation in exon 37 of the ABCC8 gene. The patient carrying a maternally inherited ABCC8 mutation was treated with cornstarch and had his blood glucose kept normal. All other patients responded well to diazoxide.

CONCLUSIONA genetic diagnosis was attained for 51.7% of patients in this study. Mild CHI patients can have their blood glucose controlled by giving cornstarch. Diazoxide is safe and effective for most CHI patients.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a newborn inherited metabolic disorder caused by the genetic deficiency of hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) which thus in metabolic disorder of phenylalanine. In this study, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was used to analyze the accurate amount of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and the relative amount of CoQ9 in newborn dried blood spot (DBS) collected from 5 PKU newborns (3 and 30 days after birth, respectively) and 20 healthy newborns. The content of CoQ10 was (122.1±24.9 ng/mL) and (59.0±12.0 ng/mL) in DBS from healthy newborns and PKU newborns, respectively. The relative contents of cholesterol and glucose in the DBS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In comparison with healthy newborn group, the levels of CoQ10, CoQ9, cholesterol and glucose were all significantly decreased in PKU newborns. The increased content of Phe and the decreased content of CoQ10 showed significant inverse correlation in the DBS from PKU. This study provides references for diet therapy of PKU newborns.

Objective To acquire the physiological parameters such as pulse,blood oxygen saturation and ECG to realize personal health information monitoring and tailored medical service.Methods A personal health information acquisition terminal was developed,which was composed of an information acquisition module,personal computer and system software.The information acquisition module was developed with USB interface and unified circuit mode.Health information was transmitted to the personal computer at real time with USB interface,and then stored by system software and uploaded to the database.Results The terminal gained advantages in design,convenience and practicability,which realized realtime acquisition,data storage,remote auxiliary diagnosis,printing and etc of personal health information,so that personal information realtime monitoring was implemented.Concluslon The terminal can be used for health information recording,storage,acquisition and analysis,and extends medical service of hospital.

Objective: To explore the relevant gene, signaling pathway for permanent atrial fibrillation (pAF) occurrence in order to provide the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of pAF. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: pAF group, n=7 patients and Control group, n=4 healthy subjects with sinus rhythm. Agilent 4x44K microarray was used to analyze the mRNA in left atrium for differential gene expression profile. Based on Gene Ontology, KEGG and Biocarta databases, differentially expressed genes were studied for their relevant function and signaling pathway. Furthermore, the genes with significant differences were verified by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in pathological specimen from 5 pAF patients and 5 normal heart donors. Results: The expression profile identified 987 abnormally expressed genes, 567 of them were down-regulated and 420 were up-regulated. 9 genes with significant differences were verified by qRT-PCR in pathological specimen and the changes were similar to microarray; those genes were closely related to pAF by involving left atrium fibrosis, electrical remodeling, inflammation, cellular stress response, metabolism and transcription regulation. GO and Pathway analysis indicated that down-regulated genes were mainly involved in metabolic processes; up-regulated genes had the effects on cellular stress response, immune response and platelet activation. Conclusion: Microarray technology identified some important genes related to pAF occurrence; such genes involved in left atrial structural and functional remodeling via affecting cellular metabolism, inflammation, immune response and thrombogenesis in relevant patients.