Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1(NEAT1)on the chondrocyte pyroptosis signaling axis in osteoarthritis(OA)and its potential mechanism.Methods Knee joint cartilage tissues were collected from 6 OA patients and 6 healthy individuals.The targeting relationship between miR-26a and lncRNA NEAT1 was predicted by TargetScan 7.2 and StarBase,and the targeting regulatory effect of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-26a was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays.The cultured chondrocyte lines were divided into the control group(without drug intervention),IL-1β group(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β for inducing OA in vitro),IL-1β+NEAT1-EV group(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-EV),IL-1β+NEAT1-OE group(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-OE),IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic-NC(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and co-transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-OE and 50 μg/L of mimic-NC),and IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and co-transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-OE and 50 μg/L of miR-26a mimic).The expression levels of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-26a in OA cartilage tissues and cells were detected using qRT-PCR.The cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay.The expression of Caspase1 and cleaved-Caspase1,as well as the pyroptosis markers[NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3),interleukin-18(IL-18)and cleaved-Gasdermin D]were detected using Western blot.Results In the OA cartilage tissue,the expression level of lncRNA NEAT1 was higher than that in the normal cartilage tissue,while the expression level of miR-26a was lower than that in the normal cartilage group(P<0.05).The dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed the targeted regulatory effect of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-26a.Compared with the control group,the IL-1β group showed upregulation of lncRNA NEAT1,cleaved-Caspase1,NLRP3,IL-18,and cleaved-Gasdermin D expression levels(P<0.05),downregulation of miR-26a expression level(P<0.05),and a decrease of cell viability(P<0.05).Compared with the IL-1β+NEAT1-EV group,the IL-1β+NEAT1-OE group exhibited upregulation of lncRNA NEAT1,cleaved-Caspase1,NLRP3,IL-18,and cleaved-Gasdermin D expression levels(P<0.05),downregulation of miR-26a expression level(P<0.05),and a decrease of cell viability(P<0.05).Compared with the IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic-NC group,the IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic group showed downregulation of cleaved-Caspase1,NLRP3,IL-18,and cleaved-Gasdermin D expression levels,upregulation of miR-26a expression level(P<0.05),and an increase of cell viability(P<0.05).Conclusion lncRNA NEAT1 activates the chondrocyte pyroptosis signaling axis mediated by Caspase1 in OA by the targeted inhibition of miR-26a.

Aromatherapy refers to the method of using the aromatic components of plants in appropriate forms to act on the entire body or a specific area to prevent and treat diseases. Essential oils used in aromatherapy are hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic molecules， such as limonene， linalool， linalool acetate， geraniol， and citronellol. These chemicals have been extensively studied and shown to have a variety of functions， including reducing anxiety， relieving depression， promoting sleep， and providing pain relief. Terpenoids are a class of organic molecules with relatively low lipid solubility. After being inhaled， they can pass through the nasal mucosa for transfer or penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream upon local application. Some of these substances also have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier， thereby exerting effects on the central nervous system. Currently， the academic community generally agrees that products such as essential oils and aromatherapy from aromatic plants have certain health benefits. However， the process of extracting a single component from it and successfully developing it into a drug still faces many challenges. Its safety and efficacy still need to be further verified through more rigorous and systematic experiments. This article systematically elaborated on the efficacy of aromatic substances， including plant extracts and natural small molecule compounds， in antibacterial and antiviral fields and the regulation of nervous system activity. As a result， a deeper understanding of aromatherapy was achieved. At the same time， the potential of these aromatic substances for drug development was thoroughly explored， providing important references and insights for possible future drug research and application.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1(NEAT1)on the chondrocyte pyroptosis signaling axis in osteoarthritis(OA)and its potential mechanism.Methods Knee joint cartilage tissues were collected from 6 OA patients and 6 healthy individuals.The targeting relationship between miR-26a and lncRNA NEAT1 was predicted by TargetScan 7.2 and StarBase,and the targeting regulatory effect of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-26a was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays.The cultured chondrocyte lines were divided into the control group(without drug intervention),IL-1β group(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β for inducing OA in vitro),IL-1β+NEAT1-EV group(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-EV),IL-1β+NEAT1-OE group(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-OE),IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic-NC(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and co-transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-OE and 50 μg/L of mimic-NC),and IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic(with 10 μg/L of IL-1β and co-transfected with 20 μg/L of NEAT1-OE and 50 μg/L of miR-26a mimic).The expression levels of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-26a in OA cartilage tissues and cells were detected using qRT-PCR.The cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay.The expression of Caspase1 and cleaved-Caspase1,as well as the pyroptosis markers[NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3),interleukin-18(IL-18)and cleaved-Gasdermin D]were detected using Western blot.Results In the OA cartilage tissue,the expression level of lncRNA NEAT1 was higher than that in the normal cartilage tissue,while the expression level of miR-26a was lower than that in the normal cartilage group(P<0.05).The dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed the targeted regulatory effect of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-26a.Compared with the control group,the IL-1β group showed upregulation of lncRNA NEAT1,cleaved-Caspase1,NLRP3,IL-18,and cleaved-Gasdermin D expression levels(P<0.05),downregulation of miR-26a expression level(P<0.05),and a decrease of cell viability(P<0.05).Compared with the IL-1β+NEAT1-EV group,the IL-1β+NEAT1-OE group exhibited upregulation of lncRNA NEAT1,cleaved-Caspase1,NLRP3,IL-18,and cleaved-Gasdermin D expression levels(P<0.05),downregulation of miR-26a expression level(P<0.05),and a decrease of cell viability(P<0.05).Compared with the IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic-NC group,the IL-1β+NEAT1-OE+mimic group showed downregulation of cleaved-Caspase1,NLRP3,IL-18,and cleaved-Gasdermin D expression levels,upregulation of miR-26a expression level(P<0.05),and an increase of cell viability(P<0.05).Conclusion lncRNA NEAT1 activates the chondrocyte pyroptosis signaling axis mediated by Caspase1 in OA by the targeted inhibition of miR-26a.

OBJECTIVE: To distinguish the ambiguous genotyping results of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), identify a novel HLA-B allele and analyze the nucleotide sequence. METHODS: A total of 2 076 umbilical core blood samples from the Zhejiang Cord Blood Bank in 2022 were detected using the next generation sequencing technology (NGS) based on the Ion Torrent S5 platform. Among these a rare HLA-B allele with ambiguous combination result containing a base mutation was identified, and was further confimed by the third-generation sequencing (TGS) based on the nanopore technology. RESULTS: The NGS typing result of HLA-B locus showed HLA-B* 46:18, 54:06 or HLA-B*46:01, 54:XX (including a base mutation), and nanopore sequencing confirmed the typing as HLA-B*46:01, 54:XX (including a base mutation). Compared with HLA-B*54:01:01:01, the HLA-B*54:XX allele showed one single nucleotide substitution at position 1014 T>C in exon 6, with no amino acid change. The nucleotide sequence of the novel HLA-B*54:XX has been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and the accession number OP853532 was assigned. CONCLUSION A ambiguous genotyping of the HLA-B Locus detected by NGS was distinguished by nanopore sequencing and a new HLA-B allele was successfully identified, which was officially named as HLA-B*54:01:11 by the World Health Organization Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.
Humans ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Alleles ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics* ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Base Sequence

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the effect of osteoblast-derived exosome(Exo)mediating microRNA(miR)-494 on bone metabolism and bone remodeling balance in osteoporosis(OP)rats and its mechanism.Methods Exosomes was isolated and identified from MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line and transferred to Exo by electrical transfer.Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control,model,miR-494 mimic(miR-494),and miR-494 inhibitor group,10 rats in each group.The ovaries were removed to construct the OP model except the control group.After modeling,the miR-494 group and miR-494 inhibitor group received tail vein injections of exosomes containing the corresponding miRNA,at a dose of 3×109 particles.Four weeks later,bone parameters were detected in each group of rats by Micro-CT,serum bone markers were measured by ELISA,pathological changes in bone tissue were observed by HE staining,osteoclast numbers were detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP)staining,and the expression levels of bone remodeling-related proteins and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blotting.Results Typical cup-shaped or round exosomes were successfully isolated with a diameter of about 100 nm from MC3T3-E1 cells,which contained CD63,CD9,tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101),heat shock protein 70(HSP70)proteins and can be taken up by MC3T3-E1 cells.Compared with the model group,the bone parameters of the rats in the miR-494 mimic group decreased,serum bone markers bone Gla protein(BGP),TRACP,C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(CTX-Ⅰ)increased,osteoprotegerin(OPG),procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide(PⅠNP)decreased,bone trabeculae structure was disordered,osteoclasts increased,bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2),Runt related transcription factor 2(RUNX2)in bone tissue downregulated,receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL)upregulated,TLR4,nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65)and myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88)upregulated(all P＜0.05).In contrast,the situation of the miR-494 inhibitor group was opposite,bone parameters and OPG,PⅠNP increased,BGP,TRACP,CTX-Ⅰdecreased,bone structure returned to normal,osteoclasts decreased,BMP-2,RUNX2 in bone tissue upregulated,RANKL downregulated,TLR4,NF-κB p65 and MyD88 downregulated(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The transfer of miRNA-494 by Exo aggravates abnormal bone metabolism in OP rats and inhibits bone remodeling balance,suggesting that the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of TLR4 pathway.

Objective: To investigate the association of the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with frailty and its components among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS, 2017-2018) were used and the elderly over 65 years old were included in this study. Through questionnaire interview and physical examination, the information including demographic characteristics, behavior, diet, daily activity, cognitive function, and health status was collected. The association between hs-CRP and frailty and its components in the participants was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model and restrictive cubic spline. Results: A total of 2 453 participants were finally included, the age was (84.8±19.8) years old. The median hs-CRP level was 1.13 mg/L and the prevalence of frailty was 24.4%. Compared with the low-level group (hs-CRP<1.0 mg/L), the OR (95%CI) value of the high-level group (hs-CRP>3.0 mg/L) was 1.79 (1.35-2.36) mg/L. As for the components, the hs-CRP level was also positively associated with ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the low-level group, the OR (95%CI) values of the high-level group for the four components were 1.68 (1.25-2.27), 1.88 (1.42-2.50), 1.68 (1.31-2.14) and 1.39 (1.12-1.72), respectively. Conclusion: There is a positive association between the levels of hs-CRP and the risk of frailty among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. The higher hs-CRP level may increase the risk of frailty by elevating the risk of four physical functional disabilities, namely ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity.
Humans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis* ; Frailty/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; China/epidemiology*

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.024.].