Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is an uncommon medical condition resulting from aspiration or inhalation of oily material. Generally, lipoid pneumonia has nonspecific clinical and radiological presentations, and may be misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia or lung cancer. We describe an unusual case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia accompanied by peripheral blood and pulmonary eosinophilia. A 63-year-old man was admitted with progressively worsening exertional dyspnea and productive cough for 5 days. A chest radiograph showed abnormalities in the lower lobe of the right lung, and a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was made; intravenous antibiotics were administered. However, dyspnea and hypoxia gradually worsened and peripheral blood eosinophilia developed. A bronchoscopy was performed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis showed markedly increased numbers of eosinophils (40%). Subsequently, a comprehensive review of history revealed that he fell asleep with camellia oil in his mouth for 2 weeks to relieve foreign body sensation of the throat. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology showed the presence of lipid-laden macrophages. He was diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia and acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Chest radiograph and symptom were rapidly improved after treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone.
Anoxia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Bronchoscopy ; Camellia ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Macrophages ; Methylprednisolone ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Pneumonia, Lipid ; Pulmonary Eosinophilia* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Aspiration ; Sensation ; Sputum

Sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate are widely used low volume bowel cleansing agents considered to be effective and relatively safe. We describe a case of a woman who presented with an upper airway and esophageal injury after ingestion of a sodium picofulfate and magnesium citrate. A 63-year-old woman presented to emergency department complaining of throat pain and hoarseness after ingestion of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate as preparation for colonoscopy. This powder is dissolved in a low volume of water. She had ingested the substance that was not completely dissolved. After ingestion, she experienced a burning sensation in the throat. Promptly, neck radiography and computed tomography (CT) were performed. Radiography revealed epiglottis swelling and narrowing airway. Computed tomography demonstrated diffuse soft tissue edema and thickening with increased enhancement in the upper airway and entire esophagus. She was admitted and treated with parenteral nutrition, intravenous proton pump inhibitor, empirical antibiotics, and steroids. Nine days after the admission, she underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Esophageal multiple ulcerative lesions with exudate were observed. Twelve days after admission, she was discharged from the hospital with improvement of pain in her throat and toleration to a solid diet.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Burns ; Caustics ; Citric Acid* ; Colonoscopy* ; Detergents ; Diet ; Eating* ; Edema ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Epiglottis ; Esophagitis ; Esophagus ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Magnesium* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pharynx ; Proton Pumps ; Radiography ; Sensation ; Sodium* ; Steroids ; Ulcer ; Water

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Eating ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; False Positive Reactions ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Foreign-Body Migration ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Radiography ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Fish bone foreign body (FFB) is the most frequent food-associated foreign body (FB) in adults, especially in Asia, versus meat in Western countries. The esophageal sphincter is the most common lodging site. Esophageal FB disease tends to occur more frequently in men than in women. The first diagnostic method is laryngoscopic examination. Because simple radiography of the neck has low sensitivity, if perforation or severe complications requiring surgery are expected, computed tomography should be used. The risk factors associated with poor prognosis are long time lapse after FB involvement, bone type, and longer FB (>3 cm). Bleeding and perforation are more common in FFB disease than in other FB diseases. Esophageal FB disease requires urgent treatment within 24 hours. However, FFB disease needs emergent treatment, preferably within 2 hours, and definitely within 6 hours. Esophageal FFB disease usually occurs at the physiological stricture of the esophagus. The aortic arch eminence is the second physiological stricture. If the FB penetrates the esophageal wall, a life-threatening aortoesophageal fistula can develop. Therefore, it is better to consult a thoracic surgeon prior to endoscopic removal.
Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Asia ; Bone and Bones ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Esophagus ; Female ; Fistula ; Foreign Bodies* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Meat ; Methods ; Neck ; Pharynx ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Seafood

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Currently, the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is the standard tool for evaluating dysphagia. We evaluated whether the addition of endoscopist-directed flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) to VFSS could improve the detection rates of penetration, aspiration, and pharyngeal residue, compared the diagnostic efficacy between VFSS and endoscopist-directed FEES and assessed the adverse events of the FEES. METHODS: In single tertiary referral center, a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted. Fifty consecutive patients suspected of oropharyngeal dysphagia were enrolled in this study between January 2012 and July 2012. RESULTS: The agreement in the detection of penetration and aspiration between VFSS and FEES of viscous food (kappa=0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.53) and liquid food (kappa=0.22; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.42) was "fair." The agreement in the detection of pharyngeal residue between the two tests was "substantial" with viscous food (kappa=0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.94) and "fair" with liquid food (kappa=0.37; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.63). Adding FEES to VFSS significantly increased the detection rates of penetration, aspiration, and pharyngeal residue. No severe adverse events were noted during FEES, except for two cases of epistaxis, which stopped spontaneously without requiring any packing. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the addition of endoscopist-directed FEES to VFSS increased the detection rates of penetration, aspiration, and pharyngeal residue.
Aged ; Deglutition/*physiology ; Deglutition Disorders/*diagnosis/radiography ; Female ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Pharynx/radiography ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Video Recording

The parapharyngeal space (PPS) is an inverted pyramid-shaped deep space in the head and neck region, and a variety of tumors, such as salivary gland tumors, neurogenic tumors, nasopharyngeal carcinomas with parapharyngeal invasion, and lymphomas, can be found in this space. The differential diagnosis of PPS tumors remains challenging for radiologists. This study aimed to develop and test a modified method for locating PPS tumors on magnetic resonance (MR) images to improve preoperative differential diagnosis. The new protocol divided the PPS into three compartments: a prestyloid compartment, the carotid sheath, and the areas outside the carotid sheath. PPS tumors were located in these compartments according to the displacements of the tensor veli palatini muscle and the styloid process, with or without blood vessel separations and medial pterygoid invasion. This protocol, as well as a more conventional protocol that is based on displacements of the internal carotid artery (ICA), was used to assess MR images captured from a series of 58 PPS tumors. The consequent distributions of PPS tumor locations determined by both methods were compared. Of all 58 tumors, our new method determined that 57 could be assigned to precise PPS compartments. Nearly all (13/14; 93%) tumors that were located in the pre-styloid compartment were salivary gland tumors. All 15 tumors within the carotid sheath were neurogenic tumors. The vast majority (18/20; 90%) of trans-spatial lesions were malignancies. However, according to the ICA-based method, 28 tumors were located in the pre-styloid compartment, and 24 were located in the post-styloid compartment, leaving 6 tumors that were difficult to locate. Lesions located in both the pre-styloid and the post-styloid compartments comprised various types of tumors. Compared with the conventional ICA-based method, our new method can help radiologists to narrow the differential diagnosis of PPS tumors to specific compartments.
Carcinoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Neck ; diagnostic imaging ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare the imaging characteristics of retropharyngeal density and associated findings for Kawasaki disease with those for non-Kawasaki disease, and identify the distinguishing features which aid the CT diagnosis of Kawasaki disease with retropharyngeal low density. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the enhanced neck CT performed in children less than 8-years old with clinical presentation of fever and cervical lymphadenopathy over a 6-year period, only cases with retropharyngeal low density (RLD) were included in this study. The 56 cases of RLD were divided into two groups; group A included cases diagnosed as Kawasaki disease (n = 34) and group B included cases diagnosed as non-Kawasaki disease (n = 22). We evaluated the CT features including the thickness of RLD and its extent into the deep neck spaces, as well as soft tissue change in the adjacent structure. We also scored the extent of RLD into the deep neck spaces and the soft tissue changes in the adjacent structure. RESULTS: The thickness of RLD was greater in group A than in group B (group A, 6.0 +/- 2.1; group B, 4.6 +/- 1.5, p = 0.01). The score of the RLD extent into the deep neck spaces was significantly greater in group A than in group B (group A, 2.3 +/- 1.3; group B, 0.8 +/- 1.0, p < 0.01). Also, the score of the adjacent soft tissue changes was greater in group A than in group B (group A, 2.0 +/- 1.1; group B, 1.0 +/- 1.0, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: If children present with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy that display retropharyngeal low density with extension into more deep neck spaces as well as changes in more adjacent soft tissue, the possibility of Kawasaki disease should be considered.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/complications/radiography ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications/*radiography ; Neck/*radiography ; Pharyngeal Diseases/complications/*radiography ; Pharynx/*radiography ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe level-Ib lymph node metastasis is rare in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). When and how this level should be irradiated with precise radiotherapy remains controversial. This study evaluated the prevalence and prognostic significance of level-Ib lymphadenopathy on the prognosis of NPC patients.

METHODSFrom January 1990 and December 1999, 933 newly diagnosed patients with NPC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were randomly selected, examined with computed tomography (CT) imagining for evidence of level-Ib lymphadenopathy before treatment. All patients received radical radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The relationship between level-Ib lymphadenopathy and post-treatment outcomes including overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for other prognostic factors.

RESULTSOf the 933 patients, 55 (5.9%) were found to have level-Ib lymphadenopathy, which was associated with carotid sheath involvement, oropharynx involvement and levels, and lateral cervical lymph node involvement. In the subgroup with carotid sheath involvement, with multivariate analysis accounting for all previously known prognostic factors, level-Ib lymphadenopathy was still associated with a risk of decreased OS (RR, 2.124; P<0.001), DMFS (RR, 2.168; P<0.001), and LRFS (RR, 1.989; P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONLevel-Ib lymphadenopathy in the patients with carotid sheath involvement is an independent prognostic factor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Child ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Neck ; pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Particle Accelerators ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiography ; Radioisotope Teletherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship ol lingual region upper airway stricture and lingua-palate position type in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.

METHODSOne hundred patients with OSAHS were included in the study and divided into 4 groups by lingua-palate age, AHI, BMI and lowest SaO2, the dimensions and area of lingual region airway, the thickness of retropharyngeal and lateral pharyngeal tissue, the tongue width, tongue length and tongue area were compared among four groups. The multinomial step regression process was performed with SPSS software to explore the effects of lingua-palate position type on lingual region upper airway stricture.

RESULTSThere were no statistical difference of age, BMI, AHI and lowest pulse oxygen among four groups OSAHS patients (P > 0.05). And the CT results showed: starting from type I to type IV, the area, coronal and arrowe diameter of lingual region upper airways were decreasing, tongue length, tongue area and the percentage of lingual region airway stricture were increasing, the percentage of lingual region airway stricture were 0/25, 3/39, 7/22, 14/14, respectively (P < 0.05). The multinomial step regression analysis showed that the area of lingual airway was the most important factor of lingua-palate position type, the unstandardized coefficient was -0.39, and standardized coefficient was -0.545.

CONCLUSIONSThe study suggests that there is evident correlation between lingual region airway stricture and lingua-palate position type, and lingual region airway stricture can be roughly determined by lingua-palate position type.

Adult ; Aged ; Airway Obstruction ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palate ; diagnostic imaging ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnostic imaging ; Tongue ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon, benign, self-limited disorders that usually occurs in young adults without any apparent precipitating factors or disease. The purpose of this study was to review our experience in dealing with this entity and describe a reasonable course of assessment and management. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective case series was conducted to identify adults patients with SPM who were diagnosed and treated in a single institution between 2001 and 2005. RESULT: Fifteen patients were identified who included 14 men and 1 women with a mean age of 26 years. Presenting symptoms were chest pain in 12 patients (80%), dyspnea in 5 patients (33%), and throat discomfort in 4 patients (26%). Two cases were associated with use of inhalational drugs and 3 cases were associated with exercise. The predisposing factors were asthma, excessive exercise, and vomiting in spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The physical findings were subcutaneous emphysema in 10 patients (77%). Chest radiography and computerized tomography were the diagnostic methods in all cases with CT scan revealing six cases with associated pulmonary abnormalities. Esophagogram and flexible bronchoscopy were selectively used. Fifteen patients (100%) were admitted to the hospital. Their mean hospital stay was 3 days. All patients were conservatively treated. In a follow-up of 3 years no complications or recurrences were observed. CONCLUSION: Most simple spontaneous pneumomediastinum cases were benign diseases and most of them (77%) had shown typical chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Inhalational drug use was not a major cause of SPM; however, increased use of bronchoinhalers was a suspicious cause of SPM.
Adult ; Asthma ; Bronchoscopy ; Causality ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Mediastinum ; Pharynx ; Precipitating Factors ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting ; Young Adult