PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the social perceptions of the baby box and infant abandonment. METHODS: The study included a survey on social perceptions of infant abandonment, including the baby box and permissiveness of infant abandonment. F-tests and t-tests were performed to clarify the differences in permissiveness of infant abandonment based on general characteristics. RESULTS: First, it was found that awareness of the baby box was high, and positive perceptions were slightly higher than negative perceptions due to the value placed on the abandoned child's life and safety, the unavoidable reasons for not rearing a child, and the child's quality of life after abandonment. However, the reasons for negative attitudes toward the baby box included the increase in infant abandonment and the decrease in parental responsibility toward the child. Second, the permissiveness of infant abandonment was generally low; however, the level of permissiveness differed according to age, education level, status, and marital status. For people who are in their 30s or older, hold a graduate or higher level degree, are employed, and are married, the permissiveness of infant abandonment was lower than that of others. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the current support policy for unmarried mothers should be changed to improve the economic and social conditions of child care. Furthermore, we must strive to improve the social perceptions of various family structures, including unmarried parents and their children.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Child Care ; Education ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Infant ; Marital Status ; Parents ; Permissiveness ; Quality of Life ; Single Person ; Social Conditions ; Social Perception

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate variables affecting attitudes toward suicide among the general adult population in the city of Bucheon, Korea. METHODS: Study participants included 1000 subjects over 18 years old who visited public offices in Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Subjects completed a series of questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prior suicidal ideation and attempts. The Attitudes Toward Suicide-20 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scales were used to assess attitudes toward suicide and the severity of depression, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis of the responses was performed. RESULTS: Analysis of responses on the Attitudes Toward Suicide-20 Scale revealed four important factors : permissiveness and unpredictability, attitudes toward suicide prevention, relationship between suicide causes and processes, and lack of comprehension of suicide. We assessed relationships among clinical and demographic variables by assessing scores on the Attitudes toward Suicide scale. Demographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, education, economic status, and religion), clinical characteristics (physical and psychological health), and prior suicidal ideation and attempts affected respondents attitudes toward suicide. CONCLUSION: The variables identified as affecting attitudes toward suicide in this study were similar to those reported in previous studies (i.e., sex, age, religion, education, physical, and psychological health, prior suicidal ideation and attempts). In support of previous research results, we suggest that identifying groups that exhibit variables associated with attitudes toward suicide is an important step in suicide prevention, as such attitudes may influence subsequent behavior. Educational campaigns aimed at suicide prevention can be enhanced by focusing on attitudes toward suicide.
Adult* ; Comprehension ; Depression ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Permissiveness ; Physical Education and Training ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of sexual assertiveness in women students in nursing and also, to investigate factors that influence sexual assertiveness. METHODS: In this study, 373 women students in nursing who were enrolled in a university in B city, Korea and who gave written consent completed the questionnaire between May 15 and May 30, 2016. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: The level of sexual assertiveness in the women students in nursing was 54.84±5.82. Sexual assertiveness showed negative correlations with gender role stereotypes (r=-.37, p<.001), and permissiveness of dating violence (r=-.15, p<.005), and a positive correlation with self-esteem (r=.36, p<.001). Models including the variables explained 18% of the variance for sexual assertiveness. Gender role stereotypes and self-esteem were the influential factors. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design intervention programs that emphasize sexual assertiveness of women students in nursing.
Assertiveness* ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Permissiveness

OBJECTIVES: There were previous studies which indicated that attitude toward suicide is able to influence the suicide outcome in both individual and group levels. In regard to the highest suicide rate in Korea, our study aims to explore the influence that attitude toward suicide has on suicide by comparing the national attitude towards suicide with a representative sample of the general population. METHODS: The target population was 20- to 59-year-old adults from South Korea, Japan, and the United States. The panel data were divided according to gender, age, and residential area of individuals, and an email with a hyperlink to our web survey was sent to the randomly selected participants in each stratum. To measure the perceptual differences about suicide in different cultures, this study adopted the Attitudes Toward Suicide questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 2247 subjects in three countries participated in this study. According to results from factor analysis, there were different structure of factors and included items within factors in the three countries : five factors with nineteen items in South Korea, five factors with nineteen items in the United States, and five factors with twenty-five items in Japan. With regard to permissive attitude toward suicide, the mean value of permissiveness was not significantly different among countries, but permissiveness according to education level, gender, and marital status was different in each country. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first nationwide comparative study about attitude toward suicide with a representative sample. Our findings suggest that permissive attitude toward suicide influence the suicide phenomenon in each country ; however, its impact is not a mean score of permissiveness, but the detailed difference by various demographics.
Adult ; Demography ; Education ; Electronic Mail ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Japan* ; Korea* ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Permissiveness ; Suicide* ; United States*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to develop and validate Eating Behaviors Test form (EBT) for infants and young children, including eating behaviors of their parents and parental feeding practices. METHODS: Draft version of EBT form was developed after a pretest on 83 mothers. It was consisted of 42 questions including 3 components; eating behavior of children, eating behavior of parents, and parental feeding practices. Using these questionnaires, the first survey was conducted on 320 infants and children, 1 to 6 year old, for exploratory factor analysis, and the second survey was collected on 731 infants and children for confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis on 42 questions of EBT form resulted in 3 factor model for children's eating behavior, 3 factor model for parents' eating behavior, and 1 factor model for parental feeding practices. Three factors for children's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1, pickiness (reliability alpha=0.89; explanation of variance=27.79), factor 2, over activity (alpha=0.80, explanation of variance=16.51), and factor 3, irregularity (alpha=0.59, explanation of variance=10.01). Three factors for mother's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1,irregularities (alpha=0.73, explanation of variance=21.73), factor 2, pickiness (alpha=0.65, explanation of variance= 20.16), and factor 3, permissiveness (alpha=0.60, explanation of variance=19.13). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an acceptance fit for these models. Internal consistencies for these factors were above 0.6. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that EBT form is a valid tool to measure comprehensive eating and feeding behaviors for infants and young children.
Child* ; Eating ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Feeding Behavior* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mothers ; Parents ; Permissiveness ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: In this study the fitness of a path model on sexual risk behavior in adolescents was examined including the relationship of the following sensation seeking, parent-adolescent communication, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, sexual permissiveness, perceived behavioral control, and sexual behavioral intention. METHODS: The participants were 354 adolescents. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS: Parent-adolescent communication, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, and sexual behavioral intention showed a direct effect on sexual risk behavior in adolescents, while sensation seeking, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, sexual permissiveness, and perceived behavioral control showed an indirect effect on sexual risk behavior in adolescents. The modified path model of adolescent's sexual risk behavior had a good fit with the data. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design intervention programs that emphasize increasing parent-adolescent communication, perceived behavioral control, and sexual behavioral intention and reducing exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, and sexual permissiveness in order to decrease adolescent's sexual risk behavior.
Adolescent* ; Erotica ; Humans ; Intention ; Permissiveness ; Risk-Taking* ; Sensation ; Sexual Behavior

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify factors that affect sexual permissiveness in college students. METHODS: A descriptive design was used with 380 college students who completed a questionnaire about self-esteem, parents-adolescent communication, friend's sexual attitude and sexual permissiveness. RESULTS: The sexual permissiveness showed significant differences for the variable: grade (F=0.51, p=.002), gender (t=7.28, p<.001), age (F=14.72, p<.001), religion (t=4.97, p<.001), residence type (F=4.75, p=.009), number of call with parents (F=3.56, p=.030), number of viewing pornographic video (F=36.05, p<.001), number of viewing pornographic magazine (F= 47.90, p<.001), status of dating (t=3.62, p<.001), number of sexual intercourse (F=14.51, p<.001), and experience of sexual intercourse (t=13.00, p<.001). There was a positive correlation between the friend's sexual attitude and sexual permissiveness (r=.64, p<.001). The variables such as friend's sexual attitude, experience of sexual intercourse, the number of watching pornographic video, educational system, religion, and the number of calls with parent explained 52% of the variance in sexual permissiveness. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop sexual education program for college students considering their level of sexual permissiveness and their friend's sexual attitude.
Coitus ; Humans ; Parents ; Periodicals as Topic ; Permissiveness ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the experience of sexual violence victims while dating as College Students. METHODS: With a correlational survey design, data was collected by self-report questionnaires from 560 college students who had reported sexual violence during a date. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: College students while on date who reported sexual violence showed a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem, dating sexual assault recognition, sexual assertiveness, and significantly positive correlations with the gender role stereotypes, sexual violence permissiveness, date sexual violence inflictions, and family violence. A combination of date sexual violence inflictions, self-esteem, sexual violence permissiveness, sexual assertiveness all accounted for 41% of the variance in date sexual violence among college students. CONCLUSION: Self-esteem and sexual assertiveness must be progressively uplifted in order to prevent date sexual violence. A specific program established to reduce sexual violence permissiveness would be useful in order to reduce the number of sexual violence victims for college students who are dating.
Assertiveness ; Domestic Violence ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Permissiveness ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Offenses ; Violence

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the experience of sexual violence victims while dating as College Students. METHODS: With a correlational survey design, data was collected by self-report questionnaires from 560 college students who had reported sexual violence during a date. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: College students while on date who reported sexual violence showed a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem, dating sexual assault recognition, sexual assertiveness, and significantly positive correlations with the gender role stereotypes, sexual violence permissiveness, date sexual violence inflictions, and family violence. A combination of date sexual violence inflictions, self-esteem, sexual violence permissiveness, sexual assertiveness all accounted for 41% of the variance in date sexual violence among college students. CONCLUSION: Self-esteem and sexual assertiveness must be progressively uplifted in order to prevent date sexual violence. A specific program established to reduce sexual violence permissiveness would be useful in order to reduce the number of sexual violence victims for college students who are dating.
Assertiveness ; Domestic Violence ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Permissiveness ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Offenses ; Violence

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the risk factors influencing drinking permissiveness in university students. METHOD: The participants in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 219 students enrolled in university who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collected from April to July, 2005 were used in multiple regression analysis to build a prediction model. RESULTS: Differences in drinking permissiveness according to general characteristics were as follows: gender, drinking frequency, drinking in more than one place each time and frequency of excessive drinking. The relationship between drinking permissiveness and amount of alcohol consumption (drinking frequency/month, amount/each time) showed positive correlations. The relationship between drinking permissiveness and motives to drink (social, enhancement, confirmity, coping motives) also showed positive correlations. The causal factors of drinking permissiveness were social motives, capacity/each time and drinking frequency/month. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that board intervention programs should be provided to prevent problems of excessive drinking. It is also recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with follow up study to verify the model.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Drinking* ; Humans ; Motivation ; Permissiveness* ; Risk Factors