OBJECTIVES: In order to aid the development of practical oral health improvement programs for adults, this study examined whether a correlation exists between oral health indices assessed by experts and self-perceived oral health status. METHODS: Raw data from the second year (2013–2015) of the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Among those surveyed, adults over the age of 19 were designated as research subjects. RESULTS: The DT indices, prosthetics indices, and Community Periodontal indices were higher when the subjective oral health status was “Bad.” CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated the consistency between subjective and objective oral health status. Thus, self-perceived oral health status is a reliable index to evaluate adult oral health projects for improving the quality of life of adults, improving their oral health, and evaluating future oral health services.
Adult ; Dental Caries ; Dental Prosthesis ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Index ; Quality of Life ; Research Subjects

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study with 4–12 years of follow-up was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) between external-connection (EC) and internal-connection (IC) dental implants in posterior areas without periodontal or peri-implant disease on the adjacent teeth or implants. Additional factors influencing MBL were also evaluated. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed using dental records and radiographic data obtained from patients who had undergone dental implant treatment in the posterior area from March 2006 to March 2007. All the implants that were included had follow-up periods of more than 4 years after loading and satisfied the implant success criteria, without any peri-implant or periodontal disease on the adjacent implants or teeth. They were divided into 2 groups: EC and IC. Subgroup comparisons were conducted according to splinting and the use of cement in the restorations. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between 2 groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons among more than 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 355 implants in 170 patients (206 EC and 149 IC) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this study. The mean MBL was 0.47 mm and 0.15 mm in the EC and IC implants, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparisons according to splinting (MBL of single implants: 0.34 mm, MBL of splinted implants: 0.31 mm, P=0.676) and cement use (MBL of cemented implants: 0.27 mm, MBL of non-cemented implants: 0.35 mm, P=0.178) showed no statistically significant differences in MBL, regardless of the implant connection type. CONCLUSIONS: IC implants showed a more favorable bone response regarding MBL in posterior areas without peri-implantitis or periodontal disease.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Dental Implant-Abutment Design ; Dental Implants ; Dental Records ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Peri-Implantitis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Splints ; Tooth

This article describes cases of applying non-surgical treatment including scaling and root planing, occlusal adjustment and tooth splinting of periodontally compromised lower anterior incisors Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed over a 1–3-year period. All clinical parameters and radiographic bone levels improved in both cases. Dramatic regeneration of alveolar bone and lamina dura were observed on radiographic images, and no specific complications occurred during the follow-up period. Within the limitations of this study, these cases demonstrated the possibility of tooth rescue through non-surgical treatment and splinting of periodontally compromised teeth typically considered for extraction.
Bone Regeneration ; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incisor ; Occlusal Adjustment ; Periodontal Splints ; Regeneration ; Root Planing ; Splints ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the vacuum-formed retainer on preventing the proximal contact loss between the implant supported crown and its adjacent natural teeth. METHODS: Forty-six posterior implant crowns in the mandible including 92 interproximal contacts in 46 patients (19 men, 27 women) aged from 25 to 66 years were included. The participants in experimental group (22 cases) were vacuum-formed retainers at night, while participants in control group (24 cases) only received routine examination. The two groups were not different in age, gender, the time interval of the tooth loss and tooth position at baseline. Mesial and distal proximal contact tightness was measured using the orthodontic dynamometer and metallic articulating film immediately after crown delivery, and 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up respectively. The articulating film was inserted interdentally from the occlusal direction, and then it was slowly removed in the buccallingual direction by the dynamometer. Increasing the number of films (N) piece by piece until the frictional force (F) was great than 0, and the number of films (N) was recorded. At each follow-up, proximal contact between implant crown and its adjacent teeth was considered to be loss if the number of films (N) used at immediate crown delivery passed without frictional force (F=0). Besides, the periodontal conditions [scored according to the probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), mobility (M)] and complaint of food impaction were recorded. The mesial and distal proximal contact loss rates were compared between the two groups at different times. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The proximal contact loss rate on the mesial surface of the implant supported crown continuously increased over the follow-up periods. At the end of the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow ups, 18.2%, 22.7% and 27.3% were identified for the contact loss rates on the mesial surface of the implant supported crown in the experimental group, respectively. Meanwhile in control group, the rates were 20.8%, 37.5% and 45.8%. No significant differences were observed at the end of the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow ups(1-month: χ²=0.000, P=1.000; 3-month: χ²=1.183, P=0.277; 6-month: χ²=1.697, P=0.193). The proximal contact loss rate on the mesial surface in control group (62.5%) was significantly higher than that in the experimental group (31.8%, χ²=4.330, P=0.037) at the end of the 1-year follow-up. However, no statistical difference was found on the distal surfaces between the two groups during the whole follow-up periods. The first open contact was noted 1 month after crown insertion. CONCLUSION By wearing vacuum-formed retainer for one year, the incidence of open contacts between the posterior implant prostheses and mesial adjacent teeth in the mandible has been reduced.
Crowns ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Tooth Loss ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) position of the center of resistance of 4 mandibular anterior teeth, 6 mandibular anterior teeth, and the complete mandibular dentition by using 3D finite-element analysis. METHODS: Finite-element models included the complete mandibular dentition, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The crowns of teeth in each group were fixed with buccal and lingual arch wires and lingual splint wires to minimize individual tooth movement and to evenly disperse the forces onto the teeth. Each group of teeth was subdivided into 0.5-mm intervals horizontally and vertically, and a force of 200 g was applied on each group. The center of resistance was defined as the point where the applied force induced parallel movement. RESULTS: The center of resistance of the 4 mandibular anterior teeth group was 13.0 mm apical and 6.0 mm posterior, that of the 6 mandibular anterior teeth group was 13.5 mm apical and 8.5 mm posterior, and that of the complete mandibular dentition group was 13.5 mm apical and 25.0 mm posterior to the incisal edge of the mandibular central incisors. CONCLUSIONS: Finite-element analysis was useful in determining the 3D position of the center of resistance of the 4 mandibular anterior teeth group, 6 mandibular anterior teeth group, and complete mandibular dentition group.
Crowns ; Dentition* ; Incisor ; Periodontal Ligament ; Splints ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with history of periodontal disease. METHODS: A total of 444 patients with 1,485 implants were selected from patients who had been treated at the Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital between July 2014 and June 2015. A group with a history of peri-implantitis (HP) (370 patients with 1,189 implants) and a group with a current peri-implantitis (CP) (318 patients with 1,004 implants) were created based on the radiographic and clinical assessments of implants. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was calculated at both the patient and implant levels. The influence of risk variables on the occurrence of peri-implantitis was analyzed using generalized estimating equations analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of peri-implantitis in the HP and CP groups ranged from 6.7% to 19.7%. The cumulative peri-implantitis rate in the HP group estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method was higher than that in the CP group over the follow-up period. Among the patient-related risk variables, supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) was the only significant risk indicator for the occurrence of peri-implantitis in both groups. In the analysis of implant-related variables, implants supporting fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and implants with subjective discomfort were associated with a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis than single implants and implants without subjective discomfort in the HP group. The presence of subjective discomfort was the only significant implant-related variable predictive of peri-implantitis in the CP group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the prevalence of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with a history of periodontal disease was similar to that reported in other population samples. Regular SPT was important for preventing peri-implantitis. Single implants were found to be less susceptible to peri-implantitis than those supporting FDP. Patients' subjective discomfort was found to be a strong risk indicator for peri-implantitis.
Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Methods ; Peri-Implantitis* ; Periodontal Diseases* ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Although static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been used in dental prostheses and osseointegrated implants, their biological effects on osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation in cells involved in periodontal regeneration remain unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of SMFs (15 mT) on the osteoblastic and cementoblastic differentiation of human osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and cementoblasts, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS: Differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation based on Alizarin red staining, calcium content, and the expression of marker mRNAs assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The activities of the early marker ALP and the late markers matrix mineralization and calcium content, as well as osteoblast- and cementoblast-specific gene expression in osteoblasts, PDLCs, and cementoblasts were enhanced. SMFs upregulated the expression of Wnt proteins, and increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and total β-catenin protein expression. Furthermore, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were activated. CONCLUSIONS: SMF treatment enhanced osteoblastic and/or cementoblastic differentiation in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDLCs. These findings provide a molecular basis for the beneficial osteogenic and/or cementogenic effect of SMFs, which could have potential in stimulating bone or cementum formation during bone regeneration and in patients with periodontal disease.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium ; Dental Cementum* ; Dental Prosthesis ; Gene Expression ; Glycogen Synthase ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Magnetic Fields* ; Miners ; Osteoblasts* ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Kinases ; Regeneration ; Relative Biological Effectiveness ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins

Intellectual disability is an imperfect disorder in which mental development is permanently retarded and development of intellectual ability is inadequate. Having intellectual disabilities makes it difficult to handle their own work and adapt to social life. For this reason, it is difficult to hygienically manage the patient's oral condition, multiple caries are easily observed, and the periodontal disease incidence rate is high. The patient in this case is a 33-year-old female with a mental retardation first grade who had a problem with meals. In first visit, Patients had decreased occlusal vertical dimension and posterior bite collapse due to periodontitis and multiple caries. This case reports a satisfactory functional and esthetic results by reconstructing occlusion using partial removable dental prosthesis.
Adult ; Dental Prosthesis* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Meals ; Mouth Rehabilitation* ; Mouth* ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Vertical Dimension

PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the association between dental implants in the posterior region and traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars, using data collected during from 2002 to 2015. METHODS: Traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars was assessed by examining clinical parameters (bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, fremitus, and tooth mobility) and radiographic parameters (loss of supporting bone and widening of the periodontal ligament space) over a mean follow-up of 5 years. Clinical factors (gender, age, implant type, maxillary or mandibular position, opposing teeth, and duration of functional loading) were evaluated statistically in order to characterize the relationship between implants in the posterior region and traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars. RESULTS: The study inclusion criteria were met by 283 patients, who had received 347 implants in the posterior region. The incidence of traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars was significantly higher for splinted implants (P=0.004), implants in the maxillary region (P<0.001), and when implants were present in the opposing teeth (P<0.001). The other clinical factors of gender, age, and duration of functional loading were not significantly associated with traumatic occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the risk of traumatic occlusion in the adjacent premolars increased when splinted implants were placed in the maxillary molar region and when the teeth opposing an implant also contained implants.
Bicuspid* ; Dental Implants* ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Molar ; Periodontal Ligament ; Retrospective Studies ; Splints ; Tooth ; Tooth Mobility

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and oral characteristics of cancer patients treated with bisphosphonates in the oncology and maxillofacial prosthesis departments of the General Hospital of Mexico between 2011 and 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included patients who received prior treatment with bisphosphonates; an intraoral examination was performed by 2 standardized examiners. RESULTS: The prevalence of bisphosphonate-related necrosis in 75 patients was 2.6%; the most common malignancy was breast cancer (84.0%), followed by prostate cancer (16.0%). Exostosis was present in 9.3% of patients and the mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index was 4.64; 44.0% of the study group had a Community Periodontal Index value between 2 and 2.9 (mean, 0.60). CONCLUSION: A detailed intraoral assessment must be performed before initiating treatment with bisphosphonates to identify risk factors for osteonecrosis.
Breast Neoplasms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diphosphonates* ; Exostoses ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Jaw* ; Maxillofacial Prosthesis ; Mexico* ; Necrosis ; Osteonecrosis* ; Periodontal Index ; Prevalence* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Risk Factors ; Tooth