Objective: To assess the nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific guidance of school meals. Methods: During 2021-2023, 115 lunch and dinner samples were collected from 25 primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou, Anyang and Luoyang of Henan Province by a direct selection method, and 13 nutrients were determined for each sample. The nutrient supply was evaluated based on Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2023 Edition). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of nutritional supply between urban and rural schools. Results: The median values for energy (709.77 kcal,1 kcal=4.18 kJ), fat energy supply ratio (0.27) and carbohydrate energy supply ratio (0.55) in the 66 lunches and dinners from primary school were within the recommended range. The supply of protein (28.39 g) and sodium (1 464.59 mg) was excessive. The median values of zinc (2.62 mg) and dietary fiber (5.19 g) were lower than the reference values. No statistically significant differences were observed in the supply of 13 nutrients between urban and rural primary schools( U = 427.00 -633.00, P > 0.05 ). Among 49 samples from secondary schools, the median value of energy supply (930.02 kcal), carbohydrate energy ratio ( 0.54 ) and fat energy supply ratio(0.25) were within the recommended range; and the median values of protein (38.82 g) and sodium (2 556.80 mg) were higher than the standard; and the median values of calcium (250.32 mg) and vitamin B1 (0.16 mg) were lower than the standard. Additionally, the differences in the level of vitamin B2 ( U =372.00) and zinc ( U =375.00) between the urban and rural secondary schools were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion Nutrient supply of primary and secondary school meals in three cities of Henan Province is inadequate and imbalanced, and the recipe need to be further optimized and improved.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of rectal injury (RI) occurring after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: The clinical data of 513 patients with prostatic cancer undergoing RP in our hospital during Mar.2013 and Oct.2022 were retrospectively collected and statistical description of the occurrence of RI among them was conducted.There were a total of 7 patients with RI during operation and 1 progressed to rectourethral fistula (RUF).We summarized the clinical and pathological data of these 7 patients.The treatment strategies of RI/RUF after RP in 11 different centers were explored and summarized in combination with literature review. Results: Among the 7 RI patients, 6 developed RI during operation and healed after repair, while 1 progressed to RUF after operation.For this patient, conservative treatment failed and colostomy was performed along with bilateral ureteral stent placement and cystostomy.The RUF was repaired via the transanal approach.During the treatment process, recurrent and refractory bladder irritation symptoms and bladder spasms occurred.Data of 3203 patients who underwent RP in 11 different centers were collected; 56(1.75%) cases developed RI, 41 of which were detected and repaired during operation; 14(0.44%) developed RUF, 7 of which had fistula closed spontaneously and 7 received surgical repair. Conclusion: RI, especially RUF, is one of the rarest and severest complications after RP.Once RI is detected during operation, immediate and thorough two-layer suture repair should be performed.

Objective To investigate the effect of tritiated water on the immune system of zebrafish and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods Zebrafish embryos (2.5 to 3 hours post-fertilization [hpf]) were exposed to 3.7 × 10⁴ Bq/mL tritiated water (tritiated water group), and those exposed to E3 culture medium were used as the control group. The mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, heart rate, body length, yolk sac area, neutrophil count in the tail, immune-related gene expression, and immune-related protein expression of zebrafish in the two groups were determined. Then transcriptome technology was used to further analyze the possible mechanism of tritiated water affecting the immune system of zebrafish. Results Compared with the control group, zebrafish at 72 hpf in the tritiated water group had no significant changes in the mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, body length, and yolk sac area((t = 0.9045, 0.5000, 1.0000, 0.7238, 0.0337, P = 0.4169, 0.6433, 0.3739, 0.4785, 0.9735), but had significantly increased heart rate(t = 4.575，P = 0.002). At 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), the neutrophil count in the tail of zebrafish in the tritiated water group was significantly increased(t = 2.563，P = 0.0196), the mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased(t = 2.891, P = 0.045), the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly increased(t = 3.848, P = 0.018), and the protein expression of NLRP3 was significantly decreased(t = 14.98, P = 0.001). At 7 dpf, the neutrophil count in the tail and the protein expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, and interleukin-1β were significantly decreased(t = 3.772, 7.048, 15.620, 4.423, P = 0.014, 0.002, 0.0001, 0.012). Transcriptome sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the “neutrophil activation” and “platelet activation pathways” at 4 dpf and in the “neutrophil apoptosis”, “ferroptosis”, and “necroptosis” pathways at 7 dpf. Conclusion Tritiated water exposure induces a temporally dynamic immune response in zebrafish, potentially affecting immune homeostasis by regulating neutrophil activation and apoptosis, as well as the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze its correlation with clinical prognosis, its regulatory effects on HCC cell behaviors, and the signaling pathways mediating its effects. METHODS: We analyzed the differential expression of PTHLH in HCC and adjacent tissues and its association with patient prognosis based on data from TCGA and GEO databases and from 70 HCC patients treated in our hospital. The effects of PTHLH knockdown and overexpression on proliferation, migration, and invasion of cultured HCC cells were investigated using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and the signaling pathways activated by PTHLH were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: TCGA and GEO database analysis showed significant overexpression of PTHLH mRNA in HCC tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis of the patients (P<0.05). High PTHLH mRNA expression was a probable independent prognostic risk factor for HCC (P<0.05). In the clinical samples, PTHLH mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher in HCC tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P<0.001 or 0.01). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that high PTHLH mRNA expression was an independent risk factor to affect postoperative disease-free survival of HCC patients (P<0.05). The prognostic prediction model based on PTHLH mRNA expression showed an improved accuracy for predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence in HCC patients. In cultured HCC cells, PTHLH overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and caused activation of the ERK/JNK signaling pathway in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. CONCLUSIONS High PTHLH expression promotes HCC progression and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Its pro-tumor effects may be mediated by activation of the ERK/JNK signaling pathway.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Disease Progression ; Signal Transduction ; Male ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Female

Objective:To investigate the specimen quality of intersphincteric resection with transabdominal transanal mixed approach for rectal cancer in the Chinese Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision Registry Collaborative (CTRC) database.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. Based on the concept of real-world research, the clinicopathological data of 281 pati-ents with rectal cancer in the CTRC database who underwent intersphincteric resection with trans-abdominal transanal mixed approach in 19 medical centers, including the Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University et al, from November 15,2017 to December 31,2023 were collected. There were 196 males and 85 females, aged 61(range, 27-87)years. Observation indicators: (1) preoperative examinations; (2) neoadjuvant therapy; (3) postoperative examinations; (4) analysis of influencing factors for positive circumferential margin in surgical specimen of intersphincteric resec-tion for rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Preoperative examinations. Of the 281 patients, 234 cases underwent preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examina-tion. There were 2 cases in clinical stage T0, 3 cases in clinical stage T1, 58 cases in clinical stage T2, 137 cases in clinical stage T3, 24 cases in clinical stage T4, 3 cases in clinical stage Tx, 7 cases missing clinical T staging data. There were 87 cases in clinical stage N0, 68 cases in clinical stage N1, 60 cases in clinical stage N2, 9 cases in clinical stage Nx, 10 cases missing clinical N staging data. There were 30 cases with mesorectal fascia invasion, 53 cases with extramural venous invasion. The distance from lower margin of tumor to anal margin was 41.9(range, 1.0-80.0)mm. (2) Neoadjuvant therapy. Of the 281 patients, 125 cases underwent neoadjuvant therapy, including 39 cases receiving chemo-therapy alone, 6 cases receiving short-course simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, 5 cases receiving short-course simultaneous chemoradiotherapy and delayed surgery, 48 cases receiving long-course simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, 2 cases receiving other treatments, and 25 cases missing neoadju-vant therapy data. (3) Postoperative examinations. Of the 281 patients, 249 cases achieved R 0 resection, 9 cases achieved R 1 resection, and there were 23 cases missing surgical margin data. The maximum tumor diameter, the number of lymph nodes harvested and positive rate of vessel carcinoma embolus were 30.0(range, 0.5-200.0)mm, 13(range, 0-70) and 27.55%(73/265) in 281 patients. There were 252 patients with circumferential margin records, showing positive in 15 cases, with a positive rate as 5.95%(15/252). The minimum distance from deep part of tumor to circumferential margin was 7.0(range, 0-150.0)mm in 252 patients. There were 85 cases with distal margin records, showing positive in 1 case, and the distance from lower margin of tumor to distal margin was 10.0(range, 0-202.0)mm. There were 273 patients with specimen integrity records, which showed intact specimen in 208 cases, fair specimen in 58 cases, poor specimen in 4 cases, unevaluated specimen in 3 cases. There were 7 cases with rectal perforation. Of the 281 patients, cases in pathological stage T0, Tis, T1, T2, T3, T4 were 14, 5, 22, 107, 113, 12, respectively, and there were 8 cases missing pathological T staging data. Of the 281 patients, cases in pathological stage N0, N1a, N1b, N1c, N2a, N2b were 176, 27, 27, 11,20, 12, respectively, and there were 8 cases missing pathological N staging data. Of the 281 patients, there were 4 cases with distant metastasis, 262 cases without distant metastasis, 5 cases not evaluated, and 10 cases missing tumor metastasis data. Of the 125 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, there were 85 cases with tumor regression grade records, including 16 cases as grade 1, 27 cases as grade 2, 19 cases as grade 3, 15 cases as grade 4, 8 cases as grade 5. (4) Analysis of influencing factors for positive circumferential margin in surgical specimen of intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer. Results of univariate analysis showed that preoperative T staging on preoperative pelvic MRI, mesorectal fascia invasion, extramural venous invasion, pathological T staging, and pathological N staging were related factors for positive circumferential margin in surgical specimen of intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Intersph-incteric resection with transabdominal transanal mixed approach has good specimen quality and low positive rate of surgical margin. T staging on preoperative pelvic MRI may be related to positive circumferential margin after intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer.

Objective:To construct and validate a machine learning model for preoperative prediction of perineural invasion (PNI) status in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods:Clincial data of 329 patients, including 245 admitted to Zhengzhou University People's Hospital from January 2018 to June 2023 and 84 admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a training set ( n=231) and a validation set ( n=98). Clinicopathological data including age, gender, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status were collected. Predictive variables were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Six machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), logistic regression, and linear kernel-based support vector machine were selected to construct the preoperative prediction model for PNI in ICC. Performance metrics of the model were calculated using a confusion matrix, and the final model was selected. The model performance was evaluated in the validation set. Calibration curves were plotted to evaluate the final model, and a Pareto chart was used to visualize the importance of predictive variables. Results:LASSO regression identified nine predictive variables included in the prediction model, including carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), HBV infection status, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, albumin, neutrophil times gamma-glutamyl transferase to lymphocyte ratio, and tumor burden score. Among the trained six models, the area under the curve (AUC) of the RF model was 0.909, with a sensitivity of 0.842 and an accuracy of 0.870. Compared with the AUC of the RF model, the AUCs of the other 5 models were lower (all P<0.05). The AUC of the RF model for predicting PNI in ICC in validation set was 0.736. Calibration curves showed good fit of the RF model's prediction of PNI in ICC in both training and validation sets. The Pareto chart showed that CA19-9 was the most important predictive variable in the model, followed by HBV infection status. Conclusion:The machine learning model based on the RF algorithm has a high accuracy in preoperative prediction of PNI status in ICC.

Objective:To explore the technical focus of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor.Methods:The clinical data of a patient with horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor treated by robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University in September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched for all the literature on the use of robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy for the treatment of horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor from the time of establishment to December 2022.Results:A total of 11 patients from 10 articles were retrieved and 12 patients were enrolled. Among the 12 patients, 4 cases used the retroperitoneal approach and 8 cases used the transperitoneal approach. Two cases were operated by traditional laparoscope, and the arteries were searched for and controlled before the robotic arm was placed to perform the partial nephrectomy and suture; and 10 cases were operated with the robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach throughout the whole procedure. Five cases of nephrectomy were performed on one side, and 7 cases were performed in the partial nephrectomy. Postoperative pathological diagnosis was clear cell carcinoma in 8 cases, chromophobe cell carcinoma in 1 case, eosinophilic cell carcinoma in 1 case, renal cell carcinoma in 1 case, and renal abscess in 1 case. The patient in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University was 38 years old female who was admitted to the hospital with a fever. After CT arteriography and three-dimensional reconstruction, robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of right kidney and isthmus dissecting was performed. During the operation, tumor trophoblast vessels were ligated and dissected one by one by using single-use tissue closure clips, and the isthmus was dissected using endoscopic cutting anastomosis on the left side of the tumor, with the tumor edges sharply resected and completely dissected. The operation time was 240 min, without thermal ischemia time, and the bleeding volume was about 300 ml. The patient recovered well after the operation, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was renal abscess.Conclusions:Robot-assisted laparoscopic treatment of horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor is safe and effective, and has more advantages than traditional laparoscopic surgery. Preoperative CT arteriography or three-dimensional reconstruction examination should be applied to fully evaluate the variant vessels. The surgical access and plan should be decided according to the size and location of the tumor. The variant vessels should be properly handled during operation. The use of endoscopic cutting anastomosis to deal with the isthmus can be more conducive to the surgical operation.

Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system,and the results of conventional diagnosis and treatment methods are not satisfactory at this stage.In recent years,photodynamic technology has been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer due to its rapid development,and its effect has been widely recognized in clinical practice.Photodynamic diagnosis(PDD)has shown value in the diagnosis of bladder cancer,and compared with white light cystoscopy(WLC),blue light cystoscopy(BLC)has higher sensitivity and specificity,and is better suitable for the diagnosis of minor lesions and hidden lesions such as CIS,but it is expensive and time-consuming.Non-invasive targeted photodynamic diagnostic techniques using urine as a sample are beginning to show potential;PDD-guided TURBT has better diagnostic sensitivity and surgical precision.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an ideal treatment modality for bladder cancer.New photosensitizers have been developed,and two-photon PDT technology,intermittent and rhythmic PDT technology have been applied,which can help to reduce the number of PDT operations and reduce additional trauma while improving the efficacy.Some scholars have tried to use nanotechnology to combine PDT with chemotherapy drugs to further improve the efficacy.Monoclonal antibodies,antibody fragments,protein scaffolds,peptides and small molecule targeted molecular tracers have different characteristics,and new combination therapy methods are being researched and developed,bringing new opportunities for bladder cancer treatment.

Objective:To explore the relevant risk factors and prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who experienced recurrence within 6 months after surgeryMethods:This retrospective study included a total of 259 patients with ICC a treated at He'nan Provincial People's Hospital and He'nan Cancer Hospital from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020. The clinical and pathological data ,differences between the group with recurrence within 6 months and the group without recurrence within 6 months were compared using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relevant risk factors for recurrence within 6 months. Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival and recurrence curves, and survival rates were calculated.Results:The overall survival and recurrence-free survival of patients in the group with recurrence within 6 months were significantly shorter. CA19-9, tumor longitudinal diameter, microvascular invasion, and neural invasion were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence within 6 months after ICC surgery ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The patient population experiencing recurrence within 6 months after ICC surgery has an extremely poor prognosis and possesses a specific tumor microenvironment. CA19-9, tumor longitudinal diameter, microvascular invasion, and neural invasion were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence within 6 months after ICC surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of modified femoral neck osteotomy(mFNO)in the surgical treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and severe spinal kyphosis combined with hip flexion contracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 AS patients(103 hips)with spinal kyphosis and hip flexion contracture who underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy(PSO)and total hip arthroplasty(THA)from January 1,2019 to November 15,2023.Data on mFNO operation time,blood loss,preoperative and postoperative values of the angle of the trunk and lower limb(ATL),hip passive range of motion(ROM),visual analogue scale(VAS),and incidence of in-hospital compli-cations were recorded.Statistical analysis was performed using paired-samples t test.P＜0.05 was con-sidered statistically significant.Results:The study ultimately included 10 cases,9 males and 1 female,with an average age of(41.30±9.03)years.These patients underwent surgery for a total of 52 times,including 19 hips both receiving mFNO and THA,and 14 times PSO.The average operation time for nine bilateral mFNO was(133.11±34.81)min,with blood loss of(433.33±187.10)mL.A unilateral mFNO took 60 min with 200 mL of blood loss.The preoperative ATL of 19 hips was 40.37°±13.66°,and the postoperative ATL value was 88.47°±12.46°(P＜0.05).The preoperative VAS score was 0,while the postoperative VAS score was 5.95±1.51(P＜0.05).The preoperative hip extension ROM was 37.37°±18.13°,while the postoperative hip extension ROM was-4.95°±21.24°(P＜0.05).Hip flexion ROM improved from 37.37°±18.13° to 50.79°±20.36° after FNO(P＜0.05).There were three cases of in-hospital complications(3/52,5.67％):One case of postoperative atelectasis fol-lowing PSO(1/52,1.92％),one greater trochanter fracture identified during THA(1/52,1.92％),and one early dislocation post-THA(1/52,1.92％).Conclusion:mFNO significantly improves the ATL in AS patients with severe spinal kyphosis combined with hip flexion contracture,facilitating PSO and THA surgeries.