Objective:To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of colonic interposition with vascular anastomosis in reconstructing the entire esophagus and hypopharynx after resection of hypopharyngeal cancer with esophageal cancer.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4 male patients with simultaneous multiple primary cancers of the hypopharynx and esophagus, aged 47 to 58, treated in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at the Hunan Cancer Hospital from February to August 2019. All cases underwent total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, of whom, three cases presented with total laryngectomy and one case with larynx preservation. Colonic interposition was performed using the left colic artery as a pedicle, with an average colonic length of 48.5 cm. The colon was elevated through the esophageal bed to the neck, and the branch of the colonic mesenteric artery was anastomosed to one of the neck arteries, including the inferior thyroid artery in one case, the transverse cervical artery in two cases, and the superior thyroid artery in one case, and all venous anastomoses were performed with the internal jugular veins.Results:The postoperative neck and abdominal wounds healed well without anastomotic leakage, and all patients were able to resume a regular oral diet within 21-30 days postoperatively. During the follow-up of 48-52 months, two cases died due to tumor recurrence, while the remaining two cases were disease-free survivals.Conclusion:Colonic interposition with vascular anastomosis is a safe and reliable reconstruction method suitable for repairing long-segment upper digestive tract defects after resection of hypopharyngeal cancer with esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of sugammadex on postoperative pulmonary com-plications(PPCs)and postoperative recovery after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.Methods A total of 263 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection surgery between November 2021 and July 2023,112 males and 151 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were randomly divided into three groups:the sugammadex group(group S,n=88),the neostigmine group(group N,n=87),and the control group(group C,n=88).The patient was sent to postanesthesia care unit(PACU)after operation,when the train of four(TOF)count reached 2,group S was given sugamma-dex 2 mg/kg,group N was given neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg+atropine 0.02 mg/kg,and group C was given equal volume of normal saline.The incidence of PPCs from the end of the surgery to the time of discharge was recorded.The time from the end of surgery to extubation,the time from drug administration to recovery of the train of four ratio(TOFr)to 0.9,the TOFr immediately after extubation,the length of stay in PACU,hypoxemia after extubation(SpO2＜90％)were recorded,and the incidence rate of postoperative residual neuromuscular block(PRNB)was calculated.The time of first getting out of the bed for activity,the number of total and effective compressions by the analgesia pump within 48 hours after surgery,the inci-dence of rescue analgesia,the clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),the numbers of postoperative nau-sea and vomiting(PONV),total drainage of the chest tube,duration of the chest tube insertion,and the length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of PPCs,PRNB and hypoxemia after extubation were significantly decreased,time from the end of surgery to extubation,time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU,and the first postoperatively out of bed activity time were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after extuba-tion was significantly increased,and CPIS was significantly decreased in group S(P＜0.05);the time from the end of surgery to extubation,time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after extubation was significantly in-creased,PRNB after extubation were significantly decreased in group N(P＜0.05).Compared with group N,the incidence of PRNB after extubation were significantly decreased,the time from the end of surgery to extubation,the time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU,and the first postoperatively out of bed activity time were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after ex-tubation was significantly increased in group S(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in other in-dexes between the three groups.Conclusion Sugammadex can rapidly antagonize the residual muscle re-laxation,decrease the rate of PPCs and PRNB,and promote rapid recovery of patients after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between hearing loss and microvascular complications in diabetes.Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted the data from 572 patients with diabetes hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from September 2022 to July 2023. All participants underwent electrical audiometry and acoustic immittance in the ENY department. Based on the audiometric results, participants were categorized into normal hearing group and hearing loss group. Additionally, 572 non-diabetic patients from the outpatient department were enrolled as the non-diabetic group. The general information and laboratory results were collected and compared using t test, rank sum test or χ2 test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of diabetic hearing loss with diabetic kidney disease(DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Results:Among 572 patients with diabetes, 429 suffered from hearing loss and 143 were normal. χ2 test showed significant differences in combined DKD and DPN between two groups, but not in DR. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified DKD and DPN as risk factors for hearing loss, but no correlation was found with DR. Conclusion:Diabetic patients with DKD or DPN should be monitored for potential hearing loss. Early screening and treatment are crucial to prevent severe hearing impairment.

Objective:To investigate the value of chest CT quantitative index in clinical classification and lung injury severity evaluation of COVID-19.Methods:The current study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and CT data of 438 patients with COVID-19 between January 2020 and March 2020 in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology. The clinical types included common type ( n=146), severe type ( n=247) and critical type ( n=45). The chest CT indexes of all patients were quantitatively analyzed by artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning, including whole lung volume, CT lung opacification, ground glass opacification volume (GGO volume; CT value<-300 HU), solid opacification volume (SO volume; CT value ≥-300 HU) and the ratio of volume to the whole lung volume, the ratio of SO volume to GGO volume (SO volume/GGO volume). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to conduct statistical analysis of the differences in quantitative parameters among clinical types, and multiple ordered logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between quantitative parameters and clinical types. Results:Among the 438 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, severe and critical patients were older ( P<0.05), and most of the critical patients were male ( P<0.05). The main clinical manifestations of all clinical types were fever, followed by cough, fatigue, chest tightness, dyspnea, gastrointestinal symptoms and so on. GGO volume was the main CT manifestation of all the three clinical subtypes. The whole-lung opacification volume, GGO volume, SO volume and their proportions in whole-lung volume significantly increased from common, severe to critical types (all P<0.05). SO volume/GGO volume increased with the severity of clinical type [common type 0.12 (0.03, 0.34), severe type 0.29 (0.11, 0.59), critical type 0.61 (0.39, 0.97)]. Multiple ordered logistic regression analysis showed that whole-lung opacification volume (OR=1.009), SO volume/GGO volume (OR=1.866), GGO volume (OR=1.008) and SO volume (OR=1.016) had a significant positive effect on the severity of clinical typing ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Quantitative indicators of chest CT based on deep learning algorithm (SO volume, GGO volume, SO volume/GGO volume) are closely related to the clinical severity of COVID-19.

Objective: To investigate the CT and clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus (NCP) pneumonia. Methods: Chest CT and clinical data of confirmed 103 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in January 2020, retrospectively. According to diagnosis and treatment of NCP infected pneumonia (trial version 5), all the patients were classified into mild(n=58), severe (n=36) and very severe (n=9) type, and their clinical findings, laboratory examination and CT finding were analyzed. CT features included lesions’ distribution, location, size, shape, edge, number, density, percentage of pneumonia lesions of the whole lung and extra-pulmonary manifestations. The CT features of different clinical subtypes were compared using χ²test or Fisher's exact probability. Comparisons between the percentage of pneumonic lesions to total lung volume were computed by using analysis of variance (normal distribution) or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (non-normal distribution). Results: In terms of clinical manifestations, the patients with severe NCP were more common in elderly men, with a median age of 65 years. Fever was the first symptom in 49 (84%) of 58 patients with NCP, and fever was the first symptom in both severe and critical NCP patients. The incidence of cough in severe (25 / 36, 69%) and critical (6 /9, 67%) NCP patients was higher than that in general (20 /58, 34%). All critical patients have dyspnea. In terms of CT findings, common NCP showed double lung (40/58,71%) multiple (40 / 58,69%) ground glass (31/58,52%) or mixed (25 / 58,43%) lesions (56 / 58,97%); severe and critical NCP showed double lung lesions, heavy NCP mainly showed multiple (34 / 36,96%) patches (33 / 36,92%) mixed density lesions (26 / 36,72%); 9 severe NCP lesions were more than 3 cm Mixed density lesions. The percentage of pneumonia focus in the whole lung volume: the common type (12.5% ± 6.1%) was significantly lower than the severe type (25.9% ± 10.7%) and the critical type (47.2% ± 19.2%) NCP, the difference was statistically significant (P values were < 0.001 and 0.002 respectively), and the severe type NCP was also significantly lower than the critical type (P = 0.032). Conclusions CT and clinical features of different clinical types of NCP pneumonia are different. Chest CT findings have unique characteristic, which can not only make early diagnosis, but also evaluate its clinical course and severity.

Objective:To investigate the CT and clinical features of COVID-19.Methods:Chest CT and clinical data of 103 patients who were confirmed as COVID-19 in January 2020 were collected retrospectively. According to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (trial version 5), all the patients were classified into common( n=58), severe ( n=36) and critical ( n=9) types, and their clinical findings, laboratory examination and CT finding were analyzed. CT features included distribution, location, size, shape, edge, number and density of the lesion, percentage of pneumonia lesions of the whole lung and extra-pulmonary manifestations. The CT features among different clinical types were compared using χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability. Comparisons of age, duration from onset to CT examination, and percentage of pneumonic lesions to total lung volume among different types were performed by using analysis of variance (normal distribution) or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (non-normal distribution). Results:In terms of clinical manifestations, the patients with critical COVID-19 were more common in elderly men, with a median age of 65 years. Fever was the first symptom in 49 (84%) of 58 common patients, and also the first symptom in both severe and critical COVID-19 patients. The incidence of coughing in severe (25/36, 69%) and critical (6/9, 67%) COVID-19 patients was higher than that in common patients (20/58, 34%). All critical patients had dyspnea. CT showed the common COVID-19 was located in bilateral lung (40/58, 71%)with multiple (40/58, 69%), ground glass (31/58, 52%) or mixed (25/58, 43%)opacities (56/58, 97%), while all the severe and critical COVID-19 were located in bilateral lung(100%) with multiple (34/36, 96%), patchy (33 /36, 92%), or mixed opacities (26/36, 72%) in severe patients, and with mixed opacities more than 3 cm in critical patients. As for the percentage of pneumonia focus in the whole lung volume, the common type (12.5%±6.1%) was significantly lower than the severe type (25.9%± 10.7%) and the critical type (47.2%±19.2%), with statistically significant differences( P< 0.001 and 0.002 respectively), and the severe type COVID-19 was also significantly lower than the critical type ( P= 0.032). Conclusions:CT and clinical features of different clinical types of COVID-19 pneumonia are different. Chest CT findings are characteristic, which can not only help the early diagnosis but also evaluate the clinical course and severity.

Five patients with primary malignancies in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and infra temporal fossa (ITF) were enrolled in this retrospective study between January 2012 and January 2018. After malignancies proven by biopsy and evaluation with CT and MRI scan, all patients received modified maxillary swing (MMS) approach for extirpation of malignant tumors in the PPF and ITF under general anesthesia. En bloc resection with wide surgical margins was successfully performed in all cases. Negative margins were observed in 4 cases and positive margins were found in one patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma who received postoperative radiotherapy. The most common complication was facial numbness. During the follow-up period (range 12 to 57 months), one patient suffered from recurrence while others did not. The advantages of MMS include wide surgical field, full exposure and easy manipulation. The MMS approach is expected to become an standard method for monobloc resection of malignancies in the PPF and ITF.

BACKGROUND:Most bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s are infused intravenously and have very low efficiency of homing to the bone marrow. However, cel infusion via the femoral approach is little reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the distribution of luciferase gene modified red fluorescent protein transgenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in vivo through different infusion routes. METHODS:Luciferase gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at different gradients (5×106, 1×106, 1×105, 1×104) were seeded or injected into the in vitro pore plate or free femurs to observe the fluorescence imaging and select the best concentration of cel s. Luciferase gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at the best cel concentration were injected into the mice via the femur and the tail vein, respectively. The distribution of fluorescence and cel number in the mice were explored by using bioluminescence, pathological examination, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ex vivo fluorescence intensity of luciferase gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s was positively correlated with the cel concentration;fluorescent cel s in vivo appeared in the femur first and then quickly spread to the lungs in the femur group, while fluorescent cel s in the tail vein group spread to the lungs quickly after cel infusion. Fluorescent cel s could be seen in the spleen, liver and other organs 24 hours later in the two groups. The distribution and migration of cel s in mice could be observed successful y by bioluminescence;5 minutes after cel infusion, the lungs of mice in the two groups began to emit fluorescence that could spread to the liver, spleen and other tissues 24 hours later, and the fluorescence intensity reached its peak after 15 minutes. The distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in mice had no significant difference between the femur group and the tail vein group. To conclude, cel injection through the bone marrow cavity and tail vein fails to promote the homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s to the bone marrow.

AIM To investigate the protection of plicamycin on apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) of rat. METHODS TUNEL, Hoechst 33258 staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescein diacetate staining were used to detect morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis in primary rat CGN. RESULTS Being pre-incubated with plicamycin for 1 h and lasting for 24 h, rat CGN apoptosis induced by low potassium basal modified Eagle′s medium for 24 h was inhibited in a plicamycin concentration-dependent manner. This effective concentrations of plicamycin were from 50 to 200 nmol·L-1, and the maximum inhibitory rate of plicamycin on CGN apoptosis was near 80% at 200 nmol·L-1. CONCLUSIONPlicamycin inhibits rat CGN apoptosis induced by low potassium.

Aim To find out the relationship between muscarinic receptor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the probable differences between the four muscarinic receptor subtypes. Methods We transfected the plasmid encoding muscarinic receptor (including subtypes: M_1, M_2, M_3 and M_4) into PC12 cells. Then PC12 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2), carbachol and other inhibitors such as atropine, LY294002 and PD98059. Results The results showed that activation of muscarinic receptor by carbachol protected PC12-M_1, PC12-M_2,PC12-M_3 and PC12-M_4 cells from apoptosis induced by H_2O_2. There was no statistical difference in the protective effect between these four muscarinic receptor subtypes. By using the inhibitors, we found that atropine and LY294002 blocked the protective effect of activation of muscarinic receptor on apoptosis induced by H_2O_2. Conclusion Activation of muscarinic receptor retarded the apoptosis induced by H_2O_2. There was no difference between the four muscarinic receptor subtypes. The protective effect was mainly mediated by the activation of muscarinic receptor and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K).