OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

The "Guidelines for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mothers and infants (2025 Edition)" were developed by the Society of Perinatal Medicine, Chinese Medical Association. This guideline focuses on preventing RSV infections in maternal and neonatal populations, providing 15 evidence-based recommendations addressing eight clinical questions that integrate current best evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. The recommendations encompass non-pharmacological prevention, pharmacological prophylaxis, and vaccine strategies. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines, summarizes the current evidence status and practical limitations, and aims to facilitate better understanding and application of the recommendations among healthcare providers, thereby enhancing RSV infection prevention and control for maternal and neonatal populations in China.

Objective To explore the application value of quadriceps fat fraction(FF)in the early diagnosis of patellofemoral arthritis(PA).Methods A total of 98 patients were selected for conventional knee MRI examination and IDEAL-IQ sequence imaging.The FFm,FFl and FFt of quadriceps were measured.The patient group[chondromalacia patellae(CMP)(CMP group)and PA group]was compared with normal control(NC)(NC group).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to assess diag-nostic efficacy.Results FFm,FFl,and FFt in the NC group were significantly lower than those in the patient group(P＜0.001).The FFm and FFl in the PA group were significantly higher than those in the CMP group(P=0.015,P=0.011).Additionally,within both CMP and PA groups,FFl was significantly higher than FFm(P＜0.01).The diagnostic efficacy of FFm was the highest for early PA diagnosis,with an optimal threshold of 8.4％.Conclusion The quadriceps FF can effectively quantify muscle fat infiltration in PA patients,especially in the lateral muscle.An increase in FF value can serve as an early quantitative biomarker for PA,providing sig-nificant reference value for clinical diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

Objective To explore the application value of quadriceps fat fraction(FF)in the early diagnosis of patellofemoral arthritis(PA).Methods A total of 98 patients were selected for conventional knee MRI examination and IDEAL-IQ sequence imaging.The FFm,FFl and FFt of quadriceps were measured.The patient group[chondromalacia patellae(CMP)(CMP group)and PA group]was compared with normal control(NC)(NC group).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to assess diag-nostic efficacy.Results FFm,FFl,and FFt in the NC group were significantly lower than those in the patient group(P＜0.001).The FFm and FFl in the PA group were significantly higher than those in the CMP group(P=0.015,P=0.011).Additionally,within both CMP and PA groups,FFl was significantly higher than FFm(P＜0.01).The diagnostic efficacy of FFm was the highest for early PA diagnosis,with an optimal threshold of 8.4％.Conclusion The quadriceps FF can effectively quantify muscle fat infiltration in PA patients,especially in the lateral muscle.An increase in FF value can serve as an early quantitative biomarker for PA,providing sig-nificant reference value for clinical diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

The "Guidelines for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mothers and infants (2025 Edition)" were developed by the Society of Perinatal Medicine, Chinese Medical Association. This guideline focuses on preventing RSV infections in maternal and neonatal populations, providing 15 evidence-based recommendations addressing eight clinical questions that integrate current best evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. The recommendations encompass non-pharmacological prevention, pharmacological prophylaxis, and vaccine strategies. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines, summarizes the current evidence status and practical limitations, and aims to facilitate better understanding and application of the recommendations among healthcare providers, thereby enhancing RSV infection prevention and control for maternal and neonatal populations in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of 16-channel dedicated craniocerebral coil on brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)image quality in infants aged 0-6 months.Methods Thirty-two infants aged 0-6 months receiving craniocerebral MRI examination with 16-channel dedicated craniocerebral coil were enrolled as observation group,while 32 infant aged 0-6 months receiving craniocerebral MRI examination with conventional head and neck combined coil in the same period were enrolled as control group.The scanning sequences included transverse T1 weighted imaging(T1WI),T2 weighted imaging(T2WI),T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)sequences.The scanned images were evaluated subjectively and objectively.Results In the subjective evaluation,T1WI,T2WI and FLAIR sequences scored higher than 4,and DWI sequence scored higher than 3.There were high consistency between two raters for T1WI,T2WI and FLAIR sequences(Kappa value=0.717,0.652,and 0.784,respectively;P<0.05),and moderate consistency for DWI sequence(Kappa value=0.321;P<0.05).In the objective evaluation,the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of each sequence in the dedicated coil group were highly consistent in the left and right lobes of the brain,and the differences in the SNR and CNR between the left and right lobes of the brain were trivial(P>0.05).The SNR and CNR of each sequence in the dedicated coil group increased as compared with the conventional coil group,and the differences in the SNR and CNR of T1WI sequence and the SNR of DWI sequence were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The brain images of infants aged 0-6 months obtained with a dedicated craniocerebral coil can better meet the clinical needs,and the image quality of the dedicated coil group is superior to that of the conventional coil group in both subjective and objective evaluations.

Objective:To evaluate the safety of ensartinib in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) -positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real-world clinical setting.Methods:Clinical data of 2 221 patients with ALK-positive locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received ensartinib treatment (225 mg/d) from December 16, 2020 to December 16, 2021 were collected and analyzed to assess drug adverse reactions in all population including elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) .Results:Among the total 2 221 patients, 511 patients (23.01%) experienced adverse events, including 8 patients (0.36%) who experienced serious adverse events. Adverse events led to dose modification in 67 patients (3.02%) and discontinuation in 18 patients (0.81%). The common adverse events were rash (407/2 221, 18.33%), pruritus (41/2 221, 1.85%), constipation (41/2 221, 1.85%), and facial edema (31/2 221, 1.40%). Thirty-six patients (1.62%) experienced ≥grade 3 adverse events. After symptomatic treatment of 511 patients with adverse reactions, 50 patients (9.78%) were healed, 271 patients (53.03%) were improved, 120 patients (23.48%) were persisted, and 70 patients (13.71%) were unknown due to loss of follow-up or other reasons. Forty-three patients (1.94%) reported 57 unintended adverse reactions. Among the 599 elderly patients, 116 patients (19.37%) experienced adverse events, including 1 patient (0.17%) who experienced serious adverse events. Adverse events led to dose modification in 25 patients (4.17%) and discontinuation in 5 patients (0.83%). The common adverse events of elderly patients were rash (88/599, 14.69%), constipation (14/599, 2.34%), facial edema (12/599, 2.00%), and pruritus (10/599, 1.67%). Twelve patients (2.00%) experienced ≥grade 3 adverse events. Among the 116 elderly patients with adverse reactions following the symptomatic treatment, 11 patients (9.48%) were healed, 58 patients (50.00%) were improved, 28 patients (24.13%) were persisted, and 19 patients (16.39%) were unknown due to loss of follow-up or other reasons. During the treatment, 1 patient (0.05%) experienced grade 2 interstitial lung disease, and no patient died due to adverse events.Conclusion:Ensartinib has a favorable safety profile in the real-world populations, with the most frequent adverse events being rash, mostly mild, and low incidence of ≥grade 3 adverse events. Overall, adverse reactions were tolerable and manageable.

Objective:To analyze the status of first viral load (VL) suppression for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, to provide theoretical evidence for improvement of ART effectiveness.Methods:Based on a retrospective cohort study, logistic regression model was used to identify influencing factors about VL suppression.Results:There were 4 833 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases who received ART from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, and 3 449 cases achieved VL suppression at the first VL testing. The rate of first VL suppression was 71.36%. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients on ART with education at junior high school, junior college and above were higher than those with education at primary school and below, with OR values at 1.75 and 2.00, separately. The possibilities of first VL suppression for patients treated at medical institutions was higher than those by CDC, with OR value 1.29. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients whose CD4 count level at 201-350, 351-500 and ≥501 cells/μl were higher than that of the patients whose CD4 count level at ≤200 cells/μl, with OR values at 2.36, 2.11 and 2.66, respectively. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients who missed doses was lower than those who did not miss doses, with OR value at 0.55. All the Pvalues for the above comparisons was <0.05. Conclusions:The suppression of viral load for HIV/AIDS on ART was influenced by culture level, CD4 count level at the entry of ART, treatment institutions and adherence to the therapy. Earlier diagnosis, treatment services provided by medical institutions and improvement of drug adherence can enhance ART effectiveness.

Transuranics radionuclides are ubiquitous in the environment. Long term intake will cause internal radiation hazards, and it is also an important source of radioactive contamination to the environment in the future. In this paper, the source and migration behavior of transuranic radionuclides are reviewed, the existing problems in China are summarized, and the suggestions for future work are put forward.

Objective:To analyze the timeliness and influencing factors of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV/AIDS patients from 2017 to 2019 in Shandong province.Methods:Data were collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System, HIV/AIDS cases enrolled in antiretroviral therapy, from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, ≥15 years of age and from the mainland of China were the subjects of the study. The general demographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education level, marital status, etc), infection routes, sample sources, date of diagnosis, baseline CD4+ T cell level, and clinical stage and other information were collected from the database. Univariate analysis was conducted for the timeliness of ART of the subjects by Chi square test, and the influencing factors associated with timeliness of ART were analyzed by binary non-conditional Logistic regression.Results:Among the 7 425 cases of HIV/AIDS, 6 813(91.8%) were male, 5 236(70.5%) had homosexual transmission, the age at the ART initiation was(36.05±12.51)years. The proportion of timeliness of ART within 30 d increased from 55.9% (1145/2050) in 2017 to 65.3% (1821/2789) in 2019. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS who were married or cohabiting, education of high school and above were higher, with OR values at 1.136, 1.299. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS cases whose domicile place is outside Shandong province were lower, with OR values at 0.664. The possibility of timeliness of ART in group of HIV/AIDS aging≥55, 45~54 and 35~44 years old were higher than that in 15~24 years old, with OR values at 1.530, 1.505 and 1.394. The possibility of timeliness of ART among the heterosexuals were lower than that of homosexuals, with OR values at 0.803. The possibility of timeliness of ART is lower for cases in places of detention centers than cases from volunteer testing and counseling, with OR values at 0.204. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS cases whose CD4+ T lymphocyte at >500 cells/μL were lower than that of the cases whose CD4+ T lymphocyte at≤500 cells/μl, with OR values at 0.545. Patients without symptoms at baseline were less likely to receive prompt treatment than those with clinical symptoms, with OR values at 0.727. Patients with baseline clinical staging of stage Ⅳ, period of HIV/AIDS treatment with timeliness was longer than the cases with baseline clinical stages ofⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, with OR values at 1.307. Conclusions:The proportion of timeliness of ART increased from 2017 to 2019. Marital status, educational level, age, sample source, infection routes, baseline clinical stage, and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels were associated with the timeliness of ART.