T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite advancements in treatment. Many patients struggle with relapse or refractory disease. Investigating the role of the super-enhancer (SE) regulated gene ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) in T-ALL could enhance targeted therapies and improve clinical outcomes. Analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from six T-ALL cell lines and seven pediatric samples identified USP20 as an SE-regulated driver gene. Utilizing the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and BloodSpot databases, it was found that USP20 is specifically highly expressed in T-ALL. Knocking down USP20 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in T-ALL cells. In vivo studies showed that USP20 knockdown reduced tumor growth and improved survival. The USP20 inhibitor GSK2643943A demonstrated similar anti-tumor effects. Mass spectrometry, RNA-Seq, and immunoprecipitation revealed that USP20 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) and stabilized it by deubiquitination. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) results indicated that USP20 co-localized with HIF1A, jointly modulating target genes in T-ALL. This study identifies USP20 as a therapeutic target in T-ALL and suggests GSK2643943A as a potential treatment strategy.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide，which is closely related to human papillomavirus（HPV）infection. Since prophylactic HPV vaccines cannot clear established infections，therapeutic HPV vaccines are urgently needed to induce a cytotoxic T cell-dominated immune response to clear HPV infections or improve HPV-related conditions. This article systematically reviews the immune design strategy，research and development platform，and clinical research progress of therapeutic HPV vaccines，aiming to provide ideas for the research and development of therapeutic HPV vaccines.

Cross-border teaching provides new opportunities for college students to gain diverse insights amid the globalization and internationalized education, In July 2024, guided by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, the Chinese Nutrition Society and the Hong Kong Nutrition Association collaborated to host a three-week clinical nutrition internship at Peking Union Medical College Hospital for five college students from Hong Kong SAR, China. This program included participating in outpatient rounds, attending in inpatient nutrition management, and attending lectures, aiming to enhance students' professional skills and clinical experience. Cultural exchange and value-based education also enriched students' social responsibility and cultural understanding. The Hong Kong students also brought diverse cultural backgrounds and inputs, enabling multidimensional communication during the training. Post-internship feedback survey showed that the students found the inernship valuable for their career development and hoped for more learning opportunities. This cross-border high-quality internship program fostered skill enhancement, cultural exchange between young students in Beijing and Hong Kong and contributed to advancement of clinical nutrition.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of a high-energy-density, high-protein, immune-modulating, cancer-specific foods for special medical purposes (FSMP) on nutritional adequacy, safety, and efficacy in postoperative cancer patients.Methods:This multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with gastrointestinal or head and neck cancer scheduled for surgery and at nutritional risk. Participants were randomized 1∶1 to receive either the investigational cancer-specific FSMP (FSMP group) or a commercially available tumor-specific enteral nutrition (EN) formula (control group). The "nutritional transition phase" (postoperative days 0-3) provided the assigned EN, with energy deficits supplemented by parenteral nutrition (PN). This was followed by the "full EN phase" (intervention period: 10±3 days), with a target energy intake of 105-146 kJ/kg/day. Nutritional adequacy was considered achieved if the actual intake reached ≥80% of the target in both phases. The primary outcomes were the body weight and prealbumin improvement rates after intervention , and the secondary outcomes were the improvement rates of handgrip strength, gait speed, serum albumin, and hemoglobin. Non-inferiority was tested using the confidence intervals, with the least squares mean difference and its 95% CI derived from a Logistic regression model (non-inferiority margin: -0.12).Results:A total of 220 patients from 17 centers completed the study (FSMP group: n=109; control group: n=111). After the nutrition support, the weight loss was (-0.9±2.1) kg and (-1.3±1.8) kg in the FSMP and control groups ( P=0.162), whereas prealbumin increased in both groups (59.0±69.0 mg/L vs. 50.0±62.0 mg/L, P=0.418). The lower bounds of the 95% CIs were -0.08 for both weight and prealbumin improvement rates, exceeding the predefined non-inferiority margin (-0.12). No significant differences were observed in the improvements in albumin, hemoglobin, handgrip strength, or gait speed (all P>0.05). No serious adverse events related to the formulas occurred. The FSMP group had a higher incidence of diarrhea (31.9% vs. 17.8%) and lower compliance rate (<80% intake: 13.4% vs. 5.9%), but the percentages of total energy intake over the estimated energy requirements (% of target) were comparable (89.9%±24.5% vs. 94.0%±22.3%, P=0.310). Conclusions:The cancer-specific FSMP can improve postoperative nutritional status in cancer patients, demonstrating non-inferiority to existing tumor-specific EN formulas in terms of nutritional adequacy, safety, and efficacy.

Cross-border teaching provides new opportunities for college students to gain diverse insights amid the globalization and internationalized education, In July 2024, guided by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, the Chinese Nutrition Society and the Hong Kong Nutrition Association collaborated to host a three-week clinical nutrition internship at Peking Union Medical College Hospital for five college students from Hong Kong SAR, China. This program included participating in outpatient rounds, attending in inpatient nutrition management, and attending lectures, aiming to enhance students' professional skills and clinical experience. Cultural exchange and value-based education also enriched students' social responsibility and cultural understanding. The Hong Kong students also brought diverse cultural backgrounds and inputs, enabling multidimensional communication during the training. Post-internship feedback survey showed that the students found the inernship valuable for their career development and hoped for more learning opportunities. This cross-border high-quality internship program fostered skill enhancement, cultural exchange between young students in Beijing and Hong Kong and contributed to advancement of clinical nutrition.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of a high-energy-density, high-protein, immune-modulating, cancer-specific foods for special medical purposes (FSMP) on nutritional adequacy, safety, and efficacy in postoperative cancer patients.Methods:This multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with gastrointestinal or head and neck cancer scheduled for surgery and at nutritional risk. Participants were randomized 1∶1 to receive either the investigational cancer-specific FSMP (FSMP group) or a commercially available tumor-specific enteral nutrition (EN) formula (control group). The "nutritional transition phase" (postoperative days 0-3) provided the assigned EN, with energy deficits supplemented by parenteral nutrition (PN). This was followed by the "full EN phase" (intervention period: 10±3 days), with a target energy intake of 105-146 kJ/kg/day. Nutritional adequacy was considered achieved if the actual intake reached ≥80% of the target in both phases. The primary outcomes were the body weight and prealbumin improvement rates after intervention , and the secondary outcomes were the improvement rates of handgrip strength, gait speed, serum albumin, and hemoglobin. Non-inferiority was tested using the confidence intervals, with the least squares mean difference and its 95% CI derived from a Logistic regression model (non-inferiority margin: -0.12).Results:A total of 220 patients from 17 centers completed the study (FSMP group: n=109; control group: n=111). After the nutrition support, the weight loss was (-0.9±2.1) kg and (-1.3±1.8) kg in the FSMP and control groups ( P=0.162), whereas prealbumin increased in both groups (59.0±69.0 mg/L vs. 50.0±62.0 mg/L, P=0.418). The lower bounds of the 95% CIs were -0.08 for both weight and prealbumin improvement rates, exceeding the predefined non-inferiority margin (-0.12). No significant differences were observed in the improvements in albumin, hemoglobin, handgrip strength, or gait speed (all P>0.05). No serious adverse events related to the formulas occurred. The FSMP group had a higher incidence of diarrhea (31.9% vs. 17.8%) and lower compliance rate (<80% intake: 13.4% vs. 5.9%), but the percentages of total energy intake over the estimated energy requirements (% of target) were comparable (89.9%±24.5% vs. 94.0%±22.3%, P=0.310). Conclusions:The cancer-specific FSMP can improve postoperative nutritional status in cancer patients, demonstrating non-inferiority to existing tumor-specific EN formulas in terms of nutritional adequacy, safety, and efficacy.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide，which is closely related to human papillomavirus（HPV）infection. Since prophylactic HPV vaccines cannot clear established infections，therapeutic HPV vaccines are urgently needed to induce a cytotoxic T cell-dominated immune response to clear HPV infections or improve HPV-related conditions. This article systematically reviews the immune design strategy，research and development platform，and clinical research progress of therapeutic HPV vaccines，aiming to provide ideas for the research and development of therapeutic HPV vaccines.

Patients with ovarian cancer are prone to malignant bowel obstruction and often require surgical treatment, which could possibly lead to postoperative complications including enterocutaneous fistula. The treatment of enterocutaneous fistula requires phased and gradual approaches. Medical nutrition support is an important part of enterocutaneous fistula management, of which personalized strategies need to be developed based on factors such as the location of the intestinal fistula, fistula output, organ function, and nutritional status of patients. Here we report a case of nutritional therapy for a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer complicated with malignant bowel obstruction who developed a proximal enterocutaneous fistula after surgery. The relevant literature are reviewed, with the aim of informing nutritional therapy for enterocutaneous fistula.

Objective:To evaluate the body composition of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and explore the correlation between body composition indices and disease activity, laboratory indices, and readmission.Methods:Patients with active UC hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled continuously, and age and sex ratio-matched healthy volunteers were recruited through recruitment posters. Body composition was measured via BIA. Appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and trunk skeletal muscle index (TSMI) were calculated and adjusted for height (m 2). Muscle function was evaluated via handgrip strength. Moreover, patients were followed up after discharge and the readmissions due to recurrence or aggravation of UC were recorded. Results:This study enrolled 62 UC patients and 38 healthy volunteers. TSMI decreased significantly ( P<0.001) while ASMI showed no significant difference in male patients compared with healthy controls. ASMI ( P<0.001) and TSMI ( P=0.002) in female patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Compared with patients with normal TSMI, a larger proportion of patients with low TSMI tended to show severe disease activity ( P=0.075), while no such trend was observed in patients with low ASMI. Handgrip strength and phase angle were significantly positively correlated with ALB in UC patients ( P<0.05). The proportion of patients with readmission was significantly higher in the low phase angle group than that in the normal phase angle group (58.3% vs. 22.0%, P=0.040). Conclusions:There were abnormal body composition and gender differences in UC patients. TSMI correlated better with clinical characteristics than ASMI in UC patients. Low phase angle might be predictive for readmission in UC patients.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Colony Stimulating Factor-1(CSF1)inhibits apoptosis in neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD).Methods Primary rat cortical neurons were divided into the OGD damaged neuron model group(OGD group),the rh-CSF1 intervention group(rh-CSF1 group),and control group.The sample size for each group was 3.After intervention with recombinant human CSF1(rh-CSF1),neuronal apoptosis rate and intracellular ATP content,reactive oxygen species levels,mitochondrial membrane potential,and mitochondrial DNA copy number were measured.The content of malondialdehyde within mitochondria and the activity of superoxide dismutase were also assessed.Results Intervention with rh-CSF1 increased mitochondrial membrane potential(0.55±0.03 vs.0.43±0.06,P<0.01),mitochondrial DNA copy number(0.88±0.05 vs.0.72±0.06,P<0.05),ATP content[(15.70±0.99)mmol/mg vs.(11.70±1.00)mmol/mg,P<0.01)],and superoxide dismutase[(18.47±1.38)U/mg vs.(14.78±1.81)U/mg,P<0.05)]activity in neurons injured by OGD.It also reduced levels of rectivereactive oxygen species(3.64±0.21 vs.4.45±0.33,P<0.05)and malondialdehyde within mitochondria[(2.13±0.19)mmol/mg vs.(2.78±0.20)mmol/mg,P<0.05)],and inhibited neuronal apoptosis(10.12±0.78 vs.17.04±1.23,P<0.01)Conclusion rh-CSF1 may alleviate the damage in neurons induced by OGD by improving mitochondrial function,reducing oxidative stress,and inhibiting cell apoptosis.