OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and potential mechanism of Baicao fuyanqing suppository on bacterial vaginitis （BV） in rats. METHODS The female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， metronidazole group （positive control， 0.03 g/kg）， Baicao fuyanqing suppository low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.18， 0.36， 0.72 g/kg）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in other groups were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 g of Estradiol benzoate injection+20 μL of Escherichia coli suspension （2×108～3×108 cfu/mL） through the vaginal opening to establish the BV rat model. Administration groups were given relevant medicine vaginally， while the normal group and the model group were given normal saline， once a day， for 6 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration， the vaginal appearance score and vaginal pH were measured for each group of rats. The levels of cytokines [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-2， IL-13， immunoglobulin A （IgA）] in vaginal lavage fluid were determined. The morphology of the uterus and accessories， and pathological changes in the vaginal tissue were observed. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2）， TLR4 and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in vaginal tissues were determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the uterus edema， the irregular shape of uterus and accessories， the vaginal mucosa hyperplasia， and the massive desquamation of epithelial cells were observed in the model group， complicating with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells； vaginal opening redness and swelling score and secretion score， vaginal pH， the levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-2， the protein expressions of TLR2， TLR4 and NF- κB were all increased or up-regulated， while the levels of IgA and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， varying cn degrees of improvement in uterine and accessories， and vaginal tissue lesions in rats were observed in administration groups， and most of the quantitative indicators mentioned above showed significant improvement （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Baicao fuyanqing suppository has a certain improvement effect on inflammatory symptoms in BV rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:This study aims to explore the effect of propranolol combined with memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure on alcohol craving.Methods:A total of 54 patients with alcohol dependence who met the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in DSM-Ⅳ were enrolled. The patients were randomly located into the alcohol retrieval-propranolol group (study group, n=28) and the alcohol retrieval-placebo group (control group, n=26) using the random number table. The study group used propranolol combined with a memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure, while the control group used a placebo combined with a memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of alcohol craving induced by images such as wine bottle, pouring wine, and drinking (alcohol-related cue images, previous cue images) and neutral images (new cue) at stages of baseline measures, relevance learning, and memory test. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were applied to evaluate cue responsiveness. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the craving degree, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate between the two groups. The correlation between cue responsiveness and craving degree was analyzed. Results:Relevance learning stage: Compared with before learning, the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate of the two groups increased in varying degrees after learning conditional stimulation-relevance learning+(CS+, namely neutral images paired learning with alcohol) ( F=52.79, 42.44, 49.53, P<0.05). Compared with the baseline measures, the VAS of neutral images in relevancy learning increased ( F=99.88, 68.69, both P<0.01). Memory test stage: (1) Compared with the control group, the VAS scores of cravings induced by wine bottles, pouring wine, drinking images, and neutral images were lower in the study group ( F=7.38, 13.27, 11.34, 4.62, P<0.05). Compared with the VAS scores of cravings induced by wine bottles, pouring wine, drinking images, and neutral images in the relevance learning stage, the VAS scores of the study group in the memory test stage were significantly lower ( F=43.89, 23.53, 15.93, 31.01, P<0.05). For the control group, VAS scores induced by pouring wine and drinking images were significantly increased ( F=13.40, 63.65, P<0.05). (2) After the memory test stage, compared with the control group, the levels of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the study group decreased ( F=20.99, 15.42, P<0.05). Compared with before the test, the levels of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the study group decreased after the test ( F=4.11, 8.05, P<0.05), while those in the control group increased ( F=81.86, 41.13, P<0.05). (3) The difference in diastolic blood pressure before and after the memory test stage was positively correlated with the difference in neutral VAS score between the memory test and association learning ( r=0.394, P=0.038). Heart rate difference before and after the memory test stage positively correlated with the VAS score difference between the memory test and associated learning drinking images ( r=0.389, P=0.041). Conclusion:Propranolol combined with memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure can reduce alcohol cravings induced by previous and new cues in patients with alcohol dependence.

Objective:This study aims to explore the effect of propranolol combined with memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure on alcohol craving.Methods:A total of 54 patients with alcohol dependence who met the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in DSM-Ⅳ were enrolled. The patients were randomly located into the alcohol retrieval-propranolol group (study group, n=28) and the alcohol retrieval-placebo group (control group, n=26) using the random number table. The study group used propranolol combined with a memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure, while the control group used a placebo combined with a memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of alcohol craving induced by images such as wine bottle, pouring wine, and drinking (alcohol-related cue images, previous cue images) and neutral images (new cue) at stages of baseline measures, relevance learning, and memory test. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were applied to evaluate cue responsiveness. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the craving degree, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate between the two groups. The correlation between cue responsiveness and craving degree was analyzed. Results:Relevance learning stage: Compared with before learning, the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate of the two groups increased in varying degrees after learning conditional stimulation-relevance learning+(CS+, namely neutral images paired learning with alcohol) ( F=52.79, 42.44, 49.53, P<0.05). Compared with the baseline measures, the VAS of neutral images in relevancy learning increased ( F=99.88, 68.69, both P<0.01). Memory test stage: (1) Compared with the control group, the VAS scores of cravings induced by wine bottles, pouring wine, drinking images, and neutral images were lower in the study group ( F=7.38, 13.27, 11.34, 4.62, P<0.05). Compared with the VAS scores of cravings induced by wine bottles, pouring wine, drinking images, and neutral images in the relevance learning stage, the VAS scores of the study group in the memory test stage were significantly lower ( F=43.89, 23.53, 15.93, 31.01, P<0.05). For the control group, VAS scores induced by pouring wine and drinking images were significantly increased ( F=13.40, 63.65, P<0.05). (2) After the memory test stage, compared with the control group, the levels of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the study group decreased ( F=20.99, 15.42, P<0.05). Compared with before the test, the levels of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the study group decreased after the test ( F=4.11, 8.05, P<0.05), while those in the control group increased ( F=81.86, 41.13, P<0.05). (3) The difference in diastolic blood pressure before and after the memory test stage was positively correlated with the difference in neutral VAS score between the memory test and association learning ( r=0.394, P=0.038). Heart rate difference before and after the memory test stage positively correlated with the VAS score difference between the memory test and associated learning drinking images ( r=0.389, P=0.041). Conclusion:Propranolol combined with memory retrieval reconsolidation procedure can reduce alcohol cravings induced by previous and new cues in patients with alcohol dependence.

OBJECTIVE To analyze quality maker （Q-marker） of Ka nggongyan soft capsule （KSC）. METHODS The fingerprints of 20 batches of KSC were established by ultra high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）method. Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）were used to evaluate the similarity and confirm common peaks. The contents of norisoboldine ，leonurine hydrochloride ，forsythoside B ，acteoside，poliumoside and isoacteoside were determined by the same UPLC method. Targets and pathways related to KSC in the treatment of cervicitis were screened and analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking method to construct a “component-target-pathway”network，and analyze its potential Q-marker. RESULTS Twelve common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of 20 batches of KSC ，and the similarity was greater than 0.99. Six common peaks were identified ，including norisoboldine ，leonurine hydrochloride ，forsythoside B，acteoside，poliumoside and isoacteoside. The contents of the above 6 components were 1.336-1.774，0.093-0.143，4.970-5.888， 0.505-0.623，5.206-6.226 and 0.785-0.895 mg/g，respectively. By network pharmacology analysis ，14 key targets and 94 pathways were obtained ，and their binding energies to the core targets （protein kinase B 1，tumor necrosis factor ）were all less than －6.4 kJ/cal. CONCLUSIONS Six components such as norisoboldine and leonurine hydrochloride are potential Q-marker of KSC.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is changing the world like never before. This crisis is unlikely contained in the absence of effective therapeutics or vaccine. The papain-like protease (PLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays essential roles in virus replication and immune evasion, presenting a charming drug target. Given the PLpro proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share significant homology, inhibitor developed for SARS-CoV PLpro is a promising starting point of therapeutic development. In this study, we sought to provide structural frameworks for PLpro inhibitor design. We determined the unliganded structure of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro mutant C111S, which shares many structural features of SARS-CoV PLpro. This crystal form has unique packing, high solvent content and reasonable resolution 2.5 Å, hence provides a good possibility for fragment-based screening using crystallographic approach. We characterized the protease activity of PLpro in cleaving synthetic peptide harboring nsp2/nsp3 juncture. We demonstrate that a potent SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitor GRL0617 is highly effective in inhibiting protease activity of SARS-CoV-2 with the IC

Objective: To investigate the impact of ultrasonic assisted rapid processing technique combined with the environment friendly reagent (which can be utilized in fixing,dehydrating and clearing) on processing tumor biopsy specimens and the subsequent target detection. Methods: Postoperative tissue samples of 56 cases of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver mass, bladder mass, uterus mass were obtained at the National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February to April, 2017. Three specimens ranging in size from 1 to 3 mm were collected from each sample, and were separated into control group (traditional tissue-processing method); experiment group 1 (3.7% neutral buffered formaldehyde fixation, composite environment friendly reagent and ultrasonic assisted rapid processing) and experimental group 2 (composite environment friendly reagent direct fixation, higher temperature and longer time for tissue processing). Two pathologists blinded to the experimental groups scored totally the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane staining of 43 cases of immunohistochemistry (IHC), four HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 20 extracted DNA quality and four EGFR gene mutation detection in lung adenocarcinoma; the results were compared with the control group. Results: There was no difference in the IHC staining, HER2 FISH, the DNA quality, and EGFR genetic results between experimental group 1 and control group. For experiment group 2, comparing results of IHC staining, HER2 FISH and the quality of DNA, there was no obvious difference from control group and experiment group 1, but might show an increase in the background of IHC staining. The difference between the treatment temperature and time in the experimental group 2 did not affect the results of the gene mutation detection. Conclusions Environment freindly reagent and ultrasonic assisted rapid processing equipment could be used for rapid processing and diagnosis for tumor biopsies. Using complex environment-friendly reagents supplement fixation, higher treatment temperature and longer treatment time do not significantly affect the IHC, FISH and molecular detection accuracy.

Objective To explore the cognitive process of cognitive flexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Methods Thirty-two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and thirty-two healthy controls were included. The Task Switch paradigm and event-related potentials were used to assess cognitive flexibility. Results The accuracy rate was lower in the OCD than in control group in both repeat and switch trials (P＜0.05). Reaction time analysis revealed significant differences in both repeat and switch between the OCD and controls ( P＜0.05). ERPs revealed significant differences in N2 and P3 amplitudes between OCD and controls (P＜0.05). There was no significant correlation between cognitive flexibility (accuracy rate and reaction time of repeat and switch, and N1, N2 and P3 amplitudes) and clinical forced symptoms in OCD (P＞0.05). Conclusion Obsessive-compulsive disorder of cognitive flexibility by injured.

OBJECTIVE： Compare the contents of free ellagic acid and total ellagic acid in fruits， roots and levels of Rosa roxburghii， and to evaluate the in vitro anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extract of three medicinal parts of R. roxburghii. METHODS： Free ellagic acid and total ellagic acid were obtained from different medicinal parts of R. roxburghii by ultrasonic extraction and acid hydrolysis， respectively. The contents of them were determined by UPLC. Using half-clearance value （IC50） as anti-oxidant evaluation index， free radical scavenging test of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine （DPPH） and 2，2′ -binitro-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） （ABTS） were conducted for ethanol extract of different medicinal part， using vitamin C （VC） as positive control. RESULTS： There were significant differences in the content of free ellagic acid and total ellagic acid in different medicinal parts of R. roxburghii. The content level of free ellagic acid was in descending order： R. roxburghii leaves （38.49 mg/g）＞R. roxburghii fruits （20.59 mg/g）＞R. roxburghii roots （11.35 mg/g）； the content level of total ellagic acid was in descending order： R. roxburghii leaves （197.08 mg/g） ＞ R. roxburghii fruits （49.36 mg/g） ＞ R. roxburghii roots （21.86 mg/g）. The contents of total ellagic acid in the fruits and roots of R. roxburghii were twice as much as that of free ellagic acid in corresponding parts； the contnets of total ellagic acid in the leaves of R. roxburghii were five times higher than that of free ellagic acid in corresponding parts. In the DPPH free radical scavenging test and ABTS free radical scavenging test， the order of antioxidant activity was VC ＞ R. roxburghii leaves＞R. roxburghii fruits＞R. roxburghii roots. There was no statistical significance in the effects of R. roxburghii leaves [IC50 to DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical were （4.57±0.70）、（115.99±2.21） μg/mL] and R. roxburghii fruits [IC50 to DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical were （5.12±0.24）、（127.61±3.31）    μg/mL]， compared with the effects of VC [IC50 to DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical were （4.47±0.38）、（121.42±2.65）      μg/mL] （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Among fruits， roots and leaves of R. roxburghii， the content of free （total） ellagic acid is the highest in the R. roxburghii leaves and in vitro anti-oxidant activity of its ethanol extract is the strongest.