Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic lymphoid tissues located at atypical lymphoid organ sites.The mature TLS consists of T lymphocytes,B lymphocyte regions,dendritic cells(DCs),and high endothelial venule(HEV)which uniquely mediates the homing of lymphocytes and promote the formation of TLS.TLS is the immediate site of initiation of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment and a key site of directional delivery of immune cells.In colorectal cancer(CRC),TLS and tumor-associated HEV(TA-HEV)are associated with a favorable clinical prognosis.This review summarizes the structural composition,functional characteristics,dynamic development and adjustment mechanism of TLS and HEV,analyzes the predictive values of TLS and HEV for the prognosis of and response to immunotherapy from a multidimensional perspective,and discusses the potential of TLS and HEV induction as a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.

Objective:To explore influencing factors affecting the prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immunotherapy based on hematologic indexes, thus to construct and evaluate a nomogram prediction model.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with programmed death-1 inhibitor monotherapy or combination regimen from January 2018 to June 2020 at the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology and Tangshan People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Hematologic indexes at the baseline, the optimal remission and the progressive disease (PD) were collected separately, and independent influencing factors for patient prognosis were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the results of the multifactorial analysis, and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves.Results:As of the follow-up cut-off date, of the 80 patients, 63 had PD, with a median overall survival (OS) of 16.9 months. Univariate analysis showed that, age ( HR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.17-3.74, P=0.013) , number of treatment lines ( HR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.21-4.12, P=0.010) , lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) at the baseline ( HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.97, P=0.028) , D-dimer ( HR=1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, P=0.002) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ( HR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.006) at the optimal remission, haemoglobin ( HR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99, P<0.001) , D-dimer ( HR=1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, P=0.002) , C-reactive protein ( HR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.011) , albumin (ALB) ( HR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.87-0.96, P=0.001) , neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( HR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27, P=0.002) and LMR ( HR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.90, P=0.012) at the PD were all influencing factors for the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to screen the variables for P<0.10 in the univariate analysis, and nine possible influencing factors were obtained, which were age, fibrinogen and LDH at the optimal remission, haemoglobin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, LDH, ALB and LMR at the PD. Multivariate analysis of the above variables showed that, age ( HR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97, P=0.004) , LDH ( HR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.013) and ALB ( HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99, P=0.041) at the PD were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC who received immunotherapy. The area under curve of the nomogram predicting model based on the above indexes, 1- and 2-year OS rates of patients were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.89) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66-0.88) , respectively, and C-index was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.64-0.78) , the calibration curves showed good consistency between predicted and actual probability of occurrence. Patients in the low-risk group ( n=40) had a median OS of 29.9 months (95% CI: 22.5 months-NA) , which was significantly better than that of the high-risk group ( n=40) [13.4 months (95% CI: 11.4-23.5 months) , χ2=11.30, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Age, LDH and ALB at the PD are independent influencing factors affecting the prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy, and the nomogram model constructed based on the above indexes has good differentiation and calibration for predicting 1- and 2-year OS rates in advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.

Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic lymphoid tissues located at atypical lymphoid organ sites.The mature TLS consists of T lymphocytes,B lymphocyte regions,dendritic cells(DCs),and high endothelial venule(HEV)which uniquely mediates the homing of lymphocytes and promote the formation of TLS.TLS is the immediate site of initiation of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment and a key site of directional delivery of immune cells.In colorectal cancer(CRC),TLS and tumor-associated HEV(TA-HEV)are associated with a favorable clinical prognosis.This review summarizes the structural composition,functional characteristics,dynamic development and adjustment mechanism of TLS and HEV,analyzes the predictive values of TLS and HEV for the prognosis of and response to immunotherapy from a multidimensional perspective,and discusses the potential of TLS and HEV induction as a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.

[Objective]To investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of myofibrosarcoma,and study its treatment and prognosis.[Method]The clinical features,histopathological characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of two rare myofibrosarcoma patients were observed,and relative literatures were reviewed.[Result]After biopsy,the frist patient was treated with amputation in her middle thigh.postoperative chemotherapy was performed in the local hospital,but the drug and its dose didn't know in detail.one year latter,the patient died because of lung metastasis.The second patient was treated with tumor resection,but three months latter,the tumor recurred and was resected again,and the patient accepted chemotherapy,eleven nonthns latter,lung metastasis was found.then the patient died.About 54 patients with myofibrosarcoma were found in the literatures published in recent years.This neoplasms often involved the head and neck region,trunk and extremities in male patient A expandable and painless mass is the chief clinical features.Myofibrosarcoma can be identified by its specific morphologic features and positive myoid markers.[Conclusion]Myofibrosarcoma is a rare spindle cell neoplasm,Its morbidity dosen't know in detail.When making diagnisis,it is important to distinguished from synovial sarcoma,fibrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma et al,Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy,but the result of chemotherapy is not affirmed,The tumor is lower grade malignant one,and is invadable.The rate of local recurrence is high,and distant metastasis could be found.Its prognosis is not affirmed.