Acetabular fracture is a kind of intra-articular fracture with complicated anatomy and difficult treatment. The core of treatment lies in anatomic reduction and strong fixation. The low incidence and intricate anatomical structure present significant challenges for treatment of acetabular fractures. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the treatment of acetabular fractures, particularly in surgical approaches, robotic-assisted technology, the application of tranexamic acid, and treatment strategies for elderly patients, providing new therapeutic options. This article reviews the latest progress in acetabular fracture treatment research.

Malignant tumor metastasis is the key factor leading to poor prognosis of patients， and it is a difficult problem to be overcome in the field of tumor therapy. Metabolic reprogramming， as a key link in the regulation of tumor metastasis activity， affects the growth， invasion， and metastasis of tumor cells by changing the metabolic pathways of intracellular substances （such as glucose， amino acids， lipids， and nucleotides）. In particular， metabolic reprogramming plays a key role in the multistage linked steps related to tumor metastasis and can play a crucial role in several key stages of tumor tissue dissociation in situ， hematogenous metastasis， and remote colonization. Malignant tumor cells can selectively adjust their own metabolic state to adapt to the growth conditions of different metastatic microenvironments and colonization sites and then choose the most favorable growth and metabolism strategy. According to the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the metastasis of malignant tumors is generally closely related to the metabolic state of the whole body. One of the advantages of TCM in the treatment of malignant tumors is systemic regulation. With its multi-pathway， multi-target， and multi-component therapeutic characteristics， TCM can effectively control the metastasis of malignant tumors by regulating the degradation of tumor epithelial mesenchymal transformation （EMT） and extracellular matrix （ECM）， anchoring the independent growth of tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this paper， the potential regulatory effects of metabolic reprogramming on the metastasis of malignant tumors were discussed， and the latest research progress of the regulation of metabolic reprogramming by TCM on tumor metastasis was reviewed. At the same time， the key targets of TCM and its bioactive components in the process of tumor metastasis intervention were reviewed. This study aims to provide a more valuable basis and clearer idea for the treatment of malignant tumor metastasis by regulating metabolic reprogramming with TCM.

Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is one of the common problems in platelet transfusion, significantly impacting patient clinical outcomes and increasing the demand for allogeneic platelet transfusion. Both immune and non-immune factors contribute to PTR, among which the occurrence mechanism of immune platelet transfusion refractoriness (IPTR) involves humoral and cellular immune processes and is influenced by platelet storage, processing, and the patient's disease, therapy and immune status. This review comprehensively discusses the research related to the factors for alloimmune of IPTR, the mechanism of platelet clearance and its influencing factors. Furthermore, it explores feasible prevention and treatment measures such as platelet compatibility transfusion and clinical treatments. The aim is to provide a systematic cognition for a deeper understanding of the pathological process of platelet alloimmunization and clearance, and to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of precise clinical prevention and treatment strategies for IPTR, as well as to explore feasible research directions in this field in the future.

Objective:To investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 3(STAT3)in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of the hypothalamus in regulating body weight and energy metabolism in mice.Methods:AAV2/9-hSyn-Cre-EGFP virus was stereotactically injected into the PVN of STAT3Flox/Flox mice to conditionally knock out(CKO)STAT3 in the PVN.STAT3 expression was verified via immunoflu-orescence staining and Western blot.Body weight and temperature were monitored,glucose tolerance was assessed using glucose tolerance tests in mice,and morphological changes in the liver,interscapular brown adipose tissue(IBAT),in-guinal white adipose tissue(IWAT),and quadriceps muscle were evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.RT-qPCR was used to measure mRNA levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRα),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL),and adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL)in these tissues.Results:STAT3 protein expression in the PVN of CKO mice was significantly reduced,and the number of STAT3-positive neurons was also decreased.Compared to wild-type(WT)mice,CKO mice exhibited increased body weight,impaired thermogenesis in IBAT,and reduced glucose tolerance.HE staining revealed lipid droplet accumula-tion in hepatocytes of the liver,enlarged adipocytes with hypertrophic lipid droplets and leukocyte infiltration in adipose tissues,and intermuscular fat deposition in the quadriceps muscle.RT-qPCR analysis showed decreased mRNA levels of PDGFRα,HSL,and ATGL in the liver;upregulated PPARγ mRNA but downregulated HSL and ATGL mRNA in IBAT and IWAT;and reduced PPARγ and HSL mRNA levels in the quadriceps muscle of CKO mice.Conclusion:The STAT3 signaling pathway in the PVN is critical for maintaining systemic energy balance and serves as a key node in met-abolic regulation.

This review is based on the research progress and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ICIs block the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways; thereby reactivate the body’s anti-tumor immune response, providing a new therapeutic option for patients with advanced HCC. However, the effect of ICIs is still compromised by factors such as primary and acquired resistance, immune-related adverse events and tumor microenvironment inhibition. This reveiw deeply analyzes these key mechanisms that affect the efficacy of ICIs, and proposes strategies to optimize the treatment, including combination with targeted therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, modulation of tumor microenvironment, and the development of novel biomarkers. Future research should focus on personalized treatment that integrates the molecular and immunological characteristics of patients to enhance the precision and efficacy of ICIs therapy for patients with HCC.

Objective To investigate the relationship of serum levels of neurofilament light chain protein(NFL)and chemerin with cerebral ischemia after interventional therapy in elderly patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods A total of 258 patients with unruptured in-tracranial aneurysms undergoing stent-assisted coil embolization in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2024 were enrolled.They were divided into a cerebral ischemia group(52 cases)and a non-cerebral ischemia group(206 cases).The serum NFL and chemerin levels were detected.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors for cerebral is-chemia in the patients after interventional surgery.Results The cerebral ischemia group had sig-nificantly higher ratio of implantation of 3 stents,larger diameter of aneurysms,increased levels of NFL and chemerin before operation,10 min from the start of operation and 24 h after operation,and longer operation time than the non-cerebral ischemia group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Larger aneu-rysm diameter,longer operation time,and higher NFL and chemerin levels were the risk factors for cerebral ischemia in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm after interventional sur-gery(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The AUC value of aneurysm diameter,operation time,NFL and chemerin,and combination of these indicators in predicting cerebral ischemia in patients with un-ruptured intracranial aneurysm after interventional surgery was 0.772,0.794,0.826,0.837,and 0.920,respectively,with that of the combination higher than that of each indicator alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion For the elderly patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms,the increases of serum NFL and chemerin levels are associated with cerebral ischemia after stent-assisted coil embolization,which can predict the risk of cerebral ischemia after interventional therapy.

This paper provides a survey of the research progress in and applications of radio frequency identification(RFID)technology in the entire process management of blood supply.This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the scenarios and effectiveness of the technology,focusing on such key operational stagesas donor management,health screening,blood collection and testing,component preparation,storage and distribution,and patient transfusion.Based on a comprehensive evaluation of current achievements and bottlenecks,this study offers strategies for optimization of RFID technology in the management of blood supply and gives recommendations.The findings are intended to provide data for the establishment of an intelligent and traceable modern blood management system.

Objective:To investigate the application of time series models in forecasting pre-hospital emergency ambulance trips in Handan City and develop the LPro ensemble model for improved prediction accuracy to support emergency resource allocation.Methods:Pre-hospital emergency data from Handan Emergency Medical Command Center (2019-2023) were retrospectively analyzed. From 324 799 original records, 289 949 valid records were included after cleaning. The training set (2019-2022: 215 918 records) included 35 527 records in 2019, 52 015 in 2020, 61 836 in 2021, and 66 540 in 2022. The validation set (2023) contained 74 031 records. ARIMA, linear trend seasonal, exponential smoothing, and Prophet models were fitted to the training set. The LPro ensemble model was constructed using MAPE-based weighting (linear trend seasonal model: 0.38, Prophet: 0.62). Performance metrics included MAPE, RMSE, MAE, and R 2. Results:Data showed annual growth (compound annual growth rate 23.27%) and seasonal patterns (October peaks, February troughs). Ambulance dispatches increased annually with monthly cyclical patterns. For 2023 validation predictions: ARIMA (MAPE 8.76%, RMSE 619, MAE 491, R 2 0.4563), linear trend seasonal (MAPE 9.83%, RMSE 671, MAE 545, R 2 0.3608), Prophet (MAPE 8.43%, RMSE 562, MAE 503, R 2 0.5513), exponential smoothing (MAPE 8.08%, RMSE 643, MAE 410, R 2 0.4124). LPro model showed superior performance (MAPE 7.05%, RMSE 491, MAE 393, R 2 0.6570), with 16.37% lower MAPE, 12.63% lower RMSE, 21.87% lower MAE, and 19.17% higher R 2 versus Prophet. Conclusion:The LPro ensemble model substantially enhances prediction accuracy and reliability, offering scientific support for emergency resource optimization and dispatch scheduling in Handan City.

Objective:To investigate the changes in the expression of miR-146a-5p and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the blood vessels of rats with hypertension complicated with sepsis, and to preliminarily evaluate the underlying mechanisms of vascular lesions in hypertension complicated with sepsis.Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks, weighing 250-270 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using the random number table method: sham operation group, sepsis group, hypertension group, and hypertension complicated with sepsis group. In sham operation group, laparotomy was performed, and sterile normal saline was subcutaneously infused using a micro-osmotic pump for 4 weeks. The sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and perforation after anesthesia in sepsis group. The hypertension model was established by subcutaneously infusing angiotensin Ⅱ at a rate of 500 ng·kg -1·min -1 for 4 weeks using a micro-osmotic pump in hypertension group. In hypertension complicated with sepsis group, angiotensin Ⅱ was subcutaneously infused, and 4 weeks later the sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and perforation. Blood pressure was measured at the end of establishing the model in each group, and blood samples of the abdominal aorta and specimens of aorta were obtained under deep anesthesia, and the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The systolic and diastolic functions of the aorta were detected using the aortic vascular ring assay. The collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated after Masson staining. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and StAR was detected using the immunohistochemical staining assay, and the thickness of the aortic wall was measured. The expression of StAR mRNA and miR-146a-5p was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with sham operation group, the aortic contraction rate was significantly decreased, the expression of StAR protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of miR-146a-5p was down-regulated, and the serum TNF-α concentration was increased in the other three groups, and the systolic blood pressure and CVF were significantly increased, the thickness of the aortic wall was increased, the expression of α-SMA was up-regulated, and the thickness of the aortic wall was increased in hypertension and hypertension complicated with sepsis groups ( P<0.05). Compared with sepsis group, the systolic pressure was significantly increased, the aortic contraction rate was decreased, CVF was increased, the expression of α-SMA was up-regulated, the thickness of the aortic wall was increased, the expression of StAR protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of miR-146a-5p was down-regulated, and the serum TNF-α concentration was increased in hypertension complicated with sepsis group ( P<0.05). Compared with hypertension group, the aortic contraction rate was significantly decreased, the diastolic rate was increased, the expression of StAR protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of miR-146a-5p was down-regulated, and the serum TNF-α concentration was increased in hypertension complicated with sepsis group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Down-regulation of miR-146a-5p and up-regulation of StAR in the blood vessels of rats with hypertension complicated with sepsis may be associated with the vascular lesions caused by hypertension complicated with sepsis.

Objective To observe the effect of a Jianpi Huayu Jiedu formula on the NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis pathway in gastric precancerous lesion(GPL)associated with Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection.Methods A GPL mouse model was prepared using Hp suspension gavage combined with Atp4a gene-deficient mice.The Jianpi Huayu Jiedu formula was administered as an intervention.Gastric mucosal tissue pathological damage was observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The presence of intestinal metaplasia(IM)was assessed using Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff(AB-PAS)staining.Ultrastructural changes in cell organelles were observed using transmission electron microscopy.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure levels of gastrin-17(G-17),pepsinogen I(PGI),and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18.The expression of molecules related to the pyroptosis pathway was detected using Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).Results Compared to the control group,Hp-related GPL mice exhibited gastric mucosal atrophy accompanied by IM and dysplasia.Damage to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in parietal cells was observed.Levels of G-17,PGI,and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were elevated.The expression of molecules related to the pyroptosis pathway was increased.The Jianpi Huayu Jiedu formula significantly reduced gastric mucosal tissue pathological damage in GPL mice,decreased G-17 and PGI levels,mitigated inflammatory responses,and downregulated the expression of molecules related to the pyroptosis pathway.Conclusion The Jianpi Huayu Jiedu formula may exert its effects by inhibiting the NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis signaling pathway,thereby alleviating or even reversing the pathological damage of gastric mucosa in Hp-related GPL.