BACKGROUND:Although researchers have noted that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 shows great potential in rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction,there is a lack of reviews related to the potential mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the mechanism of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by reviewing the relevant literature at both home and abroad. METHODS:We searched the CNKI database using the Chinese search terms"fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,rheumatoid arthritis,bone destruction,bone cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,chondrocytes,macrophages,synovial fibroblasts,T cells,vascular endothelial cells."PubMed database was searched using the English search terms"fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,rheumatoid arthritis,bone destruction,osteocytes,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,chondrocytes,macrophages,synovial fibroblasts,T cells,endothelial cells."The search period focused on April 1992 to January 2024.After screening the literature by reading titles,abstracts,and full texts,a total of 82 articles were finally included for review according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was found to be widely expressed in bone tissue-associated cells,including osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and osteoclasts.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 affects bone remodeling and homeostasis by regulating the function of these cells,as well as promoting the onset and progression of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is involved in the inflammatory response of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages and regulates angiogenesis of endothelial cells in synovial tissues.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes bone destruction in several ways.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 may be a potential causative agent of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and provides a reference for further research on its therapeutic targets.

ObjectiveTo investigate how Xiaoyao Shukun decoction （XYSKD） regulates the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway， thereby reducing inflammation， inhibiting the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts in pelvic adhesion tissue， decreasing adhesion and fibrosis， and repairing the tissue damage in sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease （SPID）. MethodsA total of 84 Wistar rats were randomly allocated into seven groups： blank， model， XYSKD （8 mg·kg^-1）， mTOR agonist （10 mg·kg^-1）， mTOR agonist + XYSKD （10 mg·kg^-1+8 mg·kg^-1）， mTOR inhibitor （2 mg·kg^-1）， and mTOR inhibitor + XYSKD （2 mg·kg^-1+8 mg·kg^-1）. The rat model of SPID was constructed by starvation， fatigue， and ascending Escherichia coli infection. After 14 days of drug intervention， the ultrastructure of fibroblasts in the pelvic adhesion tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The general morphology of the uterus， fallopian tube， and ovary was observed by laparotomy. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the peritoneal flushing fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression of myeloperoxidase （MPO） and citrullinated histone 3 （H3） in the fallopian tube was detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were employed to determine the relative protein and mRNA levels， respectively， of neutrophil elastase （NE）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （CD54）， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， H3， PI3K， and Akt. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group presented a large number of collagen fibers in bundles， numerous cytoplasmic folds of fibroblasts， reduced or absent mitochondrial cristae， and disordered and expanded endoplasmic reticulum. By laparotomy， extensive pelvic congestion， connective tissue hyperplasia， thickening and hardening of the tubal end near the uterus， and tubal and ovarian adhesion or cyst were observed in the model group. In addition， the model group showed raised levels of IL-1β， IL-17， and TNF-α in the peritoneal flushing fluid （P<0.01）， increased average fluorescence intensities of MPO and H3 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of NE， H3， CD54， PI3K， and Akt （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the mTOR agonist group showed increased fibroblasts and cytoplasmic folds， absence of mitochondrial cristae， endoplasmic reticulum dilation， and evident collagen fiber hyperplasia. Pelvic adhesions were observed to cause aggravated damage to the uterine， fallopian tube， and ovarian tissues. The levels of IL-1β， IL-17， and TNF-α in the peritoneal lavage fluid elevated （P<0.01） and the average fluorescence intensities of MPO and H3 enhanced （P<0.01） in the mTOR agonist group. In contrast， the XYSKD group and the mTOR inhibitor group showcased decreased fibroblasts and collagen fibers， alleviated mitochondrial crista loss and endoplasmic reticulum dilation， improved morphology and appearance of the uterine， fallopian tube， and ovarian tissues， lowered levels of IL-1β， IL-17， and TNF-α in the peritoneal lavage fluid （P<0.01）， decreased average fluorescence intensities of MPO and H3 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of NE， H3， CD54， PI3K， and Akt （P<0.05）. Compared with the mTOR agonist group， the mTOR agonist + XYSKD group showed alleviated pathological changes in the pelvic tissue， declined levels of IL-1β， IL-17， and TNF-α （P<0.01）， decreased average fluorescence intensities of MPO and H3 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein levels of NE， H3， CD54， α-SMA， p-PI3K/PI3K， and p-Akt/Akt （P<0.01） and mRNA levels of NE， H3， CD54， α-SMA， PI3K， and Akt （P<0.01）. Compared with the mTOR inhibitor group， the mTOR inhibitor + XYSKD group demonstrated reduced pathological severity of the pelvic tissue， reduced levels of IL-1β， IL-17， and TNF-α （P<0.01）， decreased average fluorescence intensities of MPO and H3 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of NE and CD54 （P<0.05）. ConclusionXYSKD can inhibit the excessive formation and release of NETs via PI3K/Akt/mTOR to ameliorate the inflammatory environment and reduce fibrosis and adhesion of the pelvic tissue， thereby playing a role in the treatment of SPID. It may exert the effects by lowering the levels of IL-1β， IL-17， and TNF-α and down-regulating the expression of NE， H3， CD54， α-SMA， PI3K， and Akt in the pelvic adhesion tissue.

Transmembrane protein 16A(TMEM16A)is a voltage-dependent calcium-activated chloride channel that is widely expressed in cancer cells.In a variety of cancer types,TMEM16A regulates the proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells and is corre-lated with the prognosis of cancer under treatment.In recent years,TMEM16A and its inhibitors have been intensively studied in cancer treatment.This review summarizes relevant studies conducted over the past 10 years,aiming to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical application of TMEM16A inhibitors in future cancer therapy.

Objective To develop and evaluate the equivalence of the Mandarin test material for tracking of noise tolerance(TNT)test.Methods Six different speech materials were developed(themes including daily life,entertainment,family,festivals,outdoors,and school).Four-minute TNT tests were measured in 21 normal hear-ing subjects using six different test materials.For each session,the tolerable noise level(TNL)and TNT scores were acquired and calculated for 3 time windows(31～240 s,31～120 s,151～240 s).Results Statistic analysis showed significant differences in the TNL(F=43.611,P＜0.05)among the normal hearing listeners.There were statistically significant differences in standardize z-scored TNT scores of the six different materials in the three time windows(P＜0.05).Post-hoc comparisons revealed that all significant differences involved the family and daily life themes.Conclusion Entertainment,festival,outdoors and school themed test materials can serve as the materials of Mandarin tracking of noise tolerance test and can be appied in research and clinical testing.

Objective To evaluate the Mandarin tracking of noise tolerance(TNT)test material and compare the differences between the average tolerable noise level(aTNL)value obtained from assessment and the program-estimated tolerable noise level(eTNL).Methods A total of 25 subjects with normal hearing and aural communica-tional ability were selected to undergo two of the mandarin TNT tests successively(respectively test 1,C1;test 2,C2),and 13 of them completed the third test(C3)under the same test condition as test 2 at least 1 week later.The stimulus for the three test conditions was presented with"speech 0°,continuous noise 180°".Results The aTNL of 25 participants for C1 and C2 was 83.42±3.09 dB SPL and 83.50±3.18 dB SPL,respectively.The eTNL of 25 participants for C1 and C2 were 84.08±3.53 dB SPL and 83.95±3.85 dB SPL,respectively.The aTNL and eT-NL for 13 subjects who participated in C3 was 83.16±2.13 dB SPL and 83.18±2.64 dB SPL,respectively.The intra-session(C1 vs C2)and inter-session(C2 vs C3)test-retest reliability were 2.36 dB and 2.75 dB,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that intra-session(r=0.837,P＜0.001)and inter-session(r=0.867,P＜0.001)test-retest reliability was good.There was no statistical difference between aTNL and eTNL in the other TNT tests(P＞0.05 for both)except that aTNL and eTNL were statistically different in C1(P＜0.01),and more than 90％of the subjects could obtain eTNL within 1 minute.Conclusion The test-retest reliability of Mandarin tracking of noise tolerance test is good,with advantages of high reliability and efficiency.

The study analyzes the upgrade and application of LightSpeed VCT Console,aiming to explore the principle,method and advantages of this technology,and verify its effectiveness in practical scenarios.After the introduction of the basic principle of LightSpeed VCT Console which uses machine learning algorithms and large-scale image training data to improve and transform low-quality images,the application cases of LightSpeed VCT Console in reducing noise and suppressing artifacts after upgrading are discussed in details,and the excellent performance of this technology in improving image quality is demonstrated.Finally,the characteristics and differences of LightSpeed VCT Console and other image transformation technologies are compared,and the further development direction of Lightspeed VCT Console in image processing is discussed.

At present, most surgeons use release and subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve to treat cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS). However, subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve is not effective enough and leads to a high rate of recurrence in clinic when CuTS is complicated with elbow osteoarthritis (EOA). Therefore, an appropriate surgical treatment should be adopted as early as possible if the symptoms are not relieved by a conservative treatment in cases of EOA complicated with CuTS. Different surgical methods lead to different physiological environments of the ulnar nerve, resulting in different outcomes. As a result, the recurrence rate of subcutaneous transposition motion is higher in patients with EOA. Surgical submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve under the muscle significantly reduces its angular formation during elbow flexion, provides it with a more favorable biological environment and a better anatomical position, benefits the vascular reconstruction and regeneration of the injured nerve, and reduces its chance of secondary entrapment, leading to a better prognosis and a lower recurrence rate. This literature review evaluates the surgical methods for patients with CuTS plus EOA in an attempt to provide helpful references for their treatment.

Objective To explore the relationship between the polymorphism of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) C8092A locus and the efficacy and prognosis of platinum-based chemotherapy for lung cancer (LC), and to provide a theoretical basis for precision treatment of LC. Methods From January 2014 to October 2017, 120 patients from two tertiary hospitals in Haikou City, and with pathologically confirmed lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were selected as the research objects. After informed consent was obtained, peripheral blood samples were collected for DNA extraction, and the genotype of ERCC1 C8092A locus was detected by mass spectrometry. WHO's Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) was used to judge patients' chemotherapy efficacy and patients' survival status was obtained by telephone follow-up and other means. Results Among the 120 LC patients, the genotype frequencies of ERCC1 C8092A locus were 67 cases of CC wildtype (55.8%), 45 cases of CA heterozygous type (37.5%), and 8 cases of AA rare mutation type (6.7%), which conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=0.140, P>0.05). The total effective rate of chemotherapy was 32.5%, with the highest effective rate in patients with the CA genotype (42.2%) at the ERCC1 C8092A locus and the lowest in patients with the CC genotype (25.4%). The overall one-year survival rate was 68.3% and the three-year survival rate was 35.8%. The patients with ERCC1 C8092A AA genotype had the lowest survival rate, with a one-year survival rate of 50.0% and three-year survival rate of only 25.0%. However, there were no statistical differences in the overall survival rate among the three genotypes of carriers of ERCC1 C8092A (χ2=0.328, P=0.849). Conclusions The polymorphism of ERCC1 C8092A locus is associated with the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy for LC, and patients with CA genotype have the highest efficacy. The one-year and three-year survival rates of patients with CC genotype are significantly higher than those of CA and AA genotypes.

Objective We aimed to explore the mechanism by which Bushen Yangjing Soup improves elderly infertility based on oocyte mitochondrion.Methods C57BL/6J mice were used,including 15 young females(6-8 weeks old),45 elderly females(10 months old),and ten young males(6-8 weeks old).The female 6-8-week-old young mice were assigned to the young group,and the female 10-month-old elderly mice were randomly divided into the model group,the dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)group,and the Bushen Yangjing Soup group.Mice in the DHEA and Bushen Yangjing Soup groups were given DHEA[11.26 mg/(kg·d)]and Bushen Yangjing Soup[11.41 g/(kg·d)].Mice in the other groups were given normal saline.After 45 days,oocytes were collected,the number of oocytes and the proportion of mature oocytes were recorded,and in vitro fertilization(IVF)was carried out,followed by calculation of the successful fertilization rate.Real-time PCR was used to determine the copy number of mitochondrial DNA in oocytes,mito-tracker green was used to observe the distribution of mitochondria,and the mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)of oocytes was determined using the JC-1 kit.The mRNA and protein levels of mitofusin 2(Mfn2)in oocytes were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results Compared with the young group,the number of oocytes,the proportion of mature oocytes,and the IVF rate were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),the copy number of mitochondrial DNA in oocytes was decreased,the rate of abnormal mitochondrial distribution was increased,the MMP was decreased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA and protein levels of Mfn2 were decreased(P＜0.01)in the elderly model mice.Compared with the elderly model group,the number of oocytes,the proportion of mature oocytes,and the IVF rate were significantly increased(P＜0.05),the copy number of mitochondrial DNA in oocytes was increased(P＜0.05),the rate of abnormal mitochondrial distribution was decreased,the MMP was increased(P＜0.05),and the mRNA and protein levels of Mfn2 were increased(P＜0.01)in the Bushen Yangjing Soup group.Compared with the DHEA group,the number of oocytes,the proportion of mature oocytes,and the IVF rate were increased,the copy number of mitochondrial DNA in oocytes was increased,the rate of abnormal mitochondrial distribution was decreased,the MMP was increased,the mRNA and protein levels of Mfn2 were increased in the Bushen Yangjing Soup group,and there was a significant difference in the number of oocytes and the expression of Mfn2 protein(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bushen Yangjing Soup may improve the quantity,distribution,and function of oocyte mitochondria by increasing the mRNA and protein levels of Mfn2,thereby improving oocyte quality.This is one of the possible mechanisms for clinical application of Bushen Yangjing Soup to improve ovarian function and treat elderly infertility.

Objective This study was to develop a"Spleen Deficiency Certificate Scale for County Residents"and test its reliability.It was then developed as an objective tool for Chinese medicine evidence and symptoms for the prevention and control of chronic diseases among county residents.Methods The scale was compiled based on the team's previous foundation.The reliability of the scale was evaluated using internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability,while its validity was evaluated using structural validity,content validity,calibration validity,and discriminant validity.Results The study included 213 adults from Lanxi,of whom 155 were tested for intestinal flora.Seven scale entries were identified:Fatigue,fear of cold,bland mouth,loss of appetite,diarrhea,weak bowel movements,and tooth-marked tongue.In the reliability test,Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.828 and McDonald's ω coefficient was 0.825.The"stomach pain"and"bloating"entries did not meet the inclusion requirements and were recommended to be deleted.The Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.839.The exploratory factor analysis of the two common factors explained 61.6%of the cumulative variance.The calibration validity indicated that the ratio of salivary amylase activity before and after acid stimulation was 0.826±0.253 in the group with spleen deficiency.Significant differences(P<0.05)in the genera Dialister,Shigella,Leuconostoc,Photobacterium,Trabulsiella,and Parvimonas between the spleen deficiency group and the non-spleen deficiency group.Conclusion The Spleen Deficiency Scale for County Residents demonstrates good reliability and validity.