Objective : To develop and to validate a combined model integrating18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics with clinical features to distinguish between lymphoma and lymphoid inflammatory hyperplasia. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 232 patients diagnosed with lymphoma or lymphoid inflammatory hyperplasia. Comparative analyses of clinical and traditional imaging indicators were performed to identify inter-group differences. The clinical features were delineated and extracted using medical software including 3D-Slicer and Lifex. Selection of the features was performed to construct a PET/CT-based radiomics Logistic model, with a combined model integrating PET/CT with clinical features then used to evaluate the discriminative efficacy of these models. Results: Analysis of inter-group differences indicated that age, CTmean, and metabolic tumor volume(MTV)were effective for differentiating between lymphoma and lymphoid inflammatory hyperplasia(P<0.05). The PET/CT-based radiomics Logistic model differentiated between lymphoma and lymphoid inflammatory hyperplasia, with an area under curve(AUC) of 0.924(95%CI: 0.884-0.960) and 0.863(95%CI: 0.774-0.939) in the training and testing cohorts, respectively. The integrated Logistic model that combined PET/CT-based radiomics with clinical features to distinguish between lymphoma and lymphoid inflammatory hyperplasia achieved an AUC of 0.933(95%CI: 0.889-0.969) in the training cohort and 0.884(95%CI: 0.792-0.964) in the testing cohort. Decision curve analysis(DCA) demonstrated that the integrated model provided the greatest clinical net benefit. Conclusion The hybrid model integrating18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics with clinical features shows robust diagnostic efficacy to distinguish between lymphoma and lymphoid inflammatory hyperplasia.

Objective To compare the intestinal injury induced by different intensities of waveshock in rats exposed to extremely cold environment and to preliminarily explore the characteristics of the injury.Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats(2 months old,weighing 200～250 g)were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10):blank control group,low-temperature control group,5.0 MPa shock control group,and low-temperature+4.0,4.5 and 5.0 MPa shock groups.The rats in the experimental groups were pre-treated in a-10℃low-temperature environment for 30 min and then subjected to intestinal injury by using BST-I biological shock tube with different driving pressures.At 3,8,and 24 h after injury,the serum levels of IL-6,TNF-α,intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),and diamine oxidase(DAO)were detected,and the survival of rats within 24 h was recorded.At 24 h after injury,the rats were anesthetized and dissected,the characteristics of intestinal injury were observed,and pathological examination was performed.The differences of intestinal injury were compared among the 6 groups to explore the characteristics of intestinal injuries after different intensities of shockwave in rats after exposure to extremely cold environment.Results Compared with the blank control group,the other 5 groups exhibited different severities of intestinal injury,and the rats in the low-temperature+different shock groups were more prone to intestinal edema and trauma.The mortality rate was significantly increased in the low-temperature+5.0 MPa shock group(P<0.05).Pathological and serological studies found that dual effects of very cold environment and blast injury resulted in intestinal mucosal hemorrhage,edema,and disintegration of lamina propria in the experimental rats.The indicators of intestinal mucosal injury and intestinal inflammatory factors were also significantly increased when compared with the blank control group,and significant differences were among the groups with increment of shock intensity(P<0.05).Conclusion Exposure to very cold environment combined with abdominal blast injury increases mortality rate in rats,manifested by elevated serological indicators and intestinal inflammatory factors,as well as varying severities of intestinal wall edema and submucosal bleeding.Furthermore,the severity of the injury is positively related to the impact intensity,with worsened as the impact intensity increasing.

Objective:To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment with PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) inhibitors combined with paclitaxel (albumin-conjugated) and cisplatin (TP regimen) for locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal organ function preservation.Methods:Data of 53 patients, including 51 males and 2 females, aged 38-70 years old, who were diagnosed with locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma confirmed by histology and enhanced CT at the Cancer Prevention and Control Center of Sun Yat-sen University during the initial treatment from January 1, 2019 to January 15, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel (260 mg/m 2) and cisplatin (60 mg/m 2) for 3 to 4 cycles. The main outcome measures were larynx dysfunction-free survival (LDFS), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox multifactorial analysis was further performed if Cox univariate analysis was statistically significant. Results:The overall efficiency was 90.6% (48/53). The 1-year and 2-year LDFS rates were 83.8% (95% CI: 74.0% to 94.8%) and 50.3% (95% CI: 22.1% to 91.6%), the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 95.2% (95% CI: 88.9% to 100.0%) and 58.2% (95% CI: 25.6% to 81.8%), and the 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 83.9% (95% CI: 74.2% to 94.9%) and 53.5% (95% CI: 32.1% to 89.1%). Adverse events associated with the neoadjuvant therapy were mainly myelosuppression (45.3%), gastrointestinal reactions (37.7%) and hypothyroidism (20.8%). Conclusion:The neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using PD-1 inhibitors combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin can provide with a higher survival rate with a improved laryngeal organ function preservation rate.

Objective To analyze the changing trends of the incidence and onset age of cervical cancer in Jiangsu Province by using cancer registration data from 2009 to 2019. Methods The information of national cancer registries with continuous data from 2009 to 2019 was selected, and the quality control indices of cancer registration must be up to standards. A total of 16 registries were included in this study. Statistical analysis indicators include the crude incidence rate of cervical cancer, age-standardized incidence rate, actual average onset age, age-standardized average onset age, and average annual percentage change (AAPC). A birth cohort model was constructed to analyze the incidence of cervical cancer among women born from 2009 to 2019 and its incidence trend. Results From 2009 to 2019, the crude and age-standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer among women in Jiangsu Province showed upward trends, with AAPCs of 5.62% (95%CI: 3.47−7.82) and 4.14% (95%CI: 2.06−6.27), respectively. The incidence rate of cervical cancer in rural areas (AAPC=4.46, 95%CI: 1.13−7.91) increased more than that in urban areas (AAPC=3.83, 95%CI: 2.81−4.86). The actual average onset age of cervical cancer increased from 51.53 years in 2009 to 55.07 years in 2019 (β=0.36, P<0.05). The age-standardized average onset age increased from 48.89 years in 2009 to 50.43 years in 2019 (β=0.21, P<0.05). The age composition ratios of cervical cancer in the age group of 60 years and older were 31.90% in 2019 and 22.40% in 2009 (β=3.66, P<0.05). The incidence of cervical cancer in the same age group of people with different birth years showed an upward trend with the increase in birth year. Conclusion From 2009 to 2019, the incidence rate of cervical cancer in Jiangsu Province showed an upward trend, and this trend was more obvious in rural areas than in urban areas. In addition, the average onset age of cervical cancer showed an upward trend.

Objective To explore the value of dynamic nomogram constructed by multi spiral computed tomography(MSCT)features combined with inflammatory indicators in predicting the status of microvascular invasion(MVI)of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)before surgery.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 137 patients with postoperative pathologically confirmed HCC were analyzed retrospectively.According to the status of the MVI,they were divided into positive group(44 cases)and negative group(93 cases).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors for predicting the MVI status of HCC patients,and a joint prediction model was constructed,which was displayed in the form of a dynamic nomogram.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency,calibration and goodness of fit of the model,Akaike information criterion(AIC)and Bayesian information criterion(BIC)were used for comparison between the models,and a 5-fold cross-validation and decision curve analysis(DCA)were also used to evaluate the stability and clinical applicability of the model.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that necrosis and delayed-phase enhancement(DEd),and alkaline phosphatase to lymphocyte ratio(ALR)were independent risk factors for predicting MVI status in HCC patients.The area under the curve(AUC)of the dynamic nomogram was 0.721,with the sensitivity of 0.705 and the specificity of 0.656.The AIC and BIC values were 152.372 and 158.212,respectively.The calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had a high degree of calibration and goodness of fit(χ2=2.372,P=0.967),the average AUC of the 5-fold cross-validation was 0.787,and the DCA showed that the nomogram model had a good clinical applicability.Conclusion The dynamic nomogram model constructed by MSCT features combined with inflammatory indicators is feasible to predict the MVI status of HCC patients before surgery,and the dynamic nomogram can directly generate the prediction results of different individuals.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed metal augment or tibial prosthesis for reconstruction of large bone defects in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and knee revision surgery.Methods:A total of 7 patients (7 knees) with TKA or knee revision who were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine with large bone defects from July 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 patients with TKA and 3 patients with knee revision. There were 3 males and 4 females, aged 58.7±7.6 years (range, 54-68 years), 3 patients with left knee and 4 patients with right knee. All the patients had bone defects in the knee joint (AORI type III), 2 cases had bone defects only in the femur, 4 cases had bone defects only in the tibia, and 1 case had bone defects in both the tibia and femur, which were treated with personalized reconstruction using 3D printing. Hip-knee-ankle angles, American Knee Society score (KSS) before and after surgery were compared, and postoperative complications were observed.Results:All patients successfully completed the operation, and the operation time was 189.3±35.5 min (range, 125-240 min). Complex TKA was performed in 4 cases with surgical times of 175, 195, 210, and 240 min, and revision surgery was performed in 3 cases with surgical times of 125, 180, and 200 min, respectively. Intraoperative blood loss was 114±24.4 ml (range, 100-150 ml). Five cases used 3D printed metal augment, and two used 3D printed one-piece tibial components. All patients were followed up for 2, 2, 5, 6, 7, 20, 57 months, respectively. The KSS of the five patients at 3 months postoperatively were 56, 61, 66, 56, and 56 points, respectively, greater than the preoperative scores of 35, 44, 36, 27, and 41 points. The KSS functional scores of the five patients at 3 months postoperatively were 45, 45, 45, 30, and 45 points, respectively, which were greater than the preoperative scores of 30, 30, 15, 20, and 20 points. The hip-knee-ankle angle was 181.8°±3.4° (range, 177.9° to 188.0°) at the final follow-up and 175.8°±12.4° (range, 153.3° to 192.1°) before surgery, with no significant difference ( t=-1.230, P=0.242). At the final follow-up, the 3D printed component was well integrated with the bone surface, the prosthesis was securely positioned, and the force lines of the lower limbs were normal. There were no postoperative complications such as poor wound healing, infection, fat liquefaction, nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs, knee joint stiffness, periprosthesis infection and loosening. Conclusion:Using 3D printed metal augment or tibial prosthesis to reconstruct the huge bone defect in TKA and revision has a satisfactory early clinical effect, satisfactory joint function and good surgical safety.

AIM: To study the early outcomes of anterior segment parameters after implantation of an implantable collamer lens with a central hole(ICL V4c)in patients with high myopia.METHODS:A total of 82 cases(160 eyes)with high myopia, including 42 males(82 eyes)and 40 females(78 eyes), aged 26.0±4.6(21 to 37)years, who underwent ICL V4c implantation at our institution from February 2019 to September 2022 and were followed up for 1 a, were included. The general characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye were measured preoperatively: spherical equivalent, mean horizontal corneal curvature, white-to-white(WTW), and axial length(AL); intraocular pressure(IOP), endothelial cell density(ECD), central anterior chamber depth(CACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV)and anterior chamber angle(ACA)were measured preoperatively and at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3 and 6 mo postoperatively. Furthermore, the distance from the centre of the posterior surface of the ICL V4c optical zone to the anterior surface of the lens(vault)was measured at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 6 mo, and 1 a after surgery.RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent of the patients was -7.56±2.55 D, mean horizontal corneal curvature was 42.89±1.47 D, WTW was 11.64±0.37 mm, and AL was 26.64±0.93 mm. The baseline IOP was 15.97±2.13 mmHg, and the differences in IOP at each time point after ICL V4c implantation compared to preoperative were not statistically significant(F=0.875, P=0.504); ECD was 2 989.30±140.78 cells/mm2 at baseline, and ECD at 6 mo after ICL V4c implantation was not statistically significant compared with preoperative ECD(t=1.475, P=0.142); CACD was 3.19±0.21 mm at baseline, and ACV was 210.30±27.7 mm3, and CACD and ACV were significantly lower than preoperative at all postoperative time points(F=111.10, 288.38, all P<0.001). The baseline ACA was 35.44°±11.27°, and the ACA at each time point after ICL V4c implantation was significantly lower than preoperatively(F=21.23, P<0.001). The vault was 665.32±184.03 μm at 1 d postoperatively, and continued to be significantly reduced at 1 wk, 1, 6 mo, and 1 a postoperatively compared with 1 d(F=52.10, P<0.001). However, it remained stable at 6 mo and 1 a postoperatively, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with vault at 1 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: ICL V4c has certain safety and efficiency in 1 a postoperative follow-up, and the parameters of the anterior segment of the eye stabilized in the early period.

BACKGROUND:Kidney deficiency is the main pathogenesis of osteoporosis.To study the relationship between the two major syndrome types of kidney deficiency,Kidney-Yang deficiency and Kidney-Yin deficiency,is beneficial for the development of clinical diagnosis and treatments based on the combination of disease and syndrome. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biomechanical differences of the rat femurs with Kidney-Yang deficiency and Kidney-Yin deficiency caused by Yougui pills,and to demonstrate the scientific efficacy of medication based on the combination of disease and syndrome in osteoporosis from a biomechanical perspective. METHODS:The bilateral ovaries of 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically removed to establish an ovariectomized osteoporosis model.At 10 weeks after modeling,all the rats were randomly divided into a Kidney-Yang deficiency group(n=30)and a Kidney-Yin deficiency group(n=30).Rats with Kidney-Yang deficiency were given gluteal intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone,while rats with Kidney-Yin deficiency were orally administered with thyroid tablet suspension,once a day,for 14 consecutive days.After successful modeling,20 rats in each group were given a suspension of Yougui pills by gavage once a day for 12 consecutive weeks and the remaining 10 rats were used as the control group without intervention.After gavage,the microstructural parameters of the bone were measured using Micro-CT scanning.Three-point bending,finite element simulation,femoral head compression,and surface indentation distribution experiments of the femurs were performed on a mechanical testing machine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Micro-CT revealed that the femoral bone density,bone volume fraction,bone surface density,trabecular number,and trabecular separation were improved in the Kidney-Yin deficiency+Yougui pills group compared with the Kidney-Yin deficiency group(P＜0.05);the femoral bone volume fraction,bone surface density,trabecular number,and trabecular thickness were improved in the Kidney-Yang deficiency+Yougui pills group compared with the Kidney-Yang deficiency group(P＜0.05).The three-point bending experiment showed that the femur elastic modulus,maximum bending strength and bending fracture strength were decreased(P＜0.05)and toughness was increased(P＜0.05)in the Kidney-Yang deficiency+Yougui pills group compared with the Kidney-Yang deficiency group.Finite element simulation showed that Yougui pills could significantly improve the bending resistance of the femurs in the Kidney-Yang deficiency group,but had no significant effect on the Kidney-Yin deficiency group.The femoral head compression experiments showed that Yougui pills could enhance the ability of the femoral head to resist deformation in the Kidney-Yang deficiency group,but there was no significant difference in the effect of Yougui pills on the surface properties of the femoral head in the Kidney-Yin deficiency group and the Kidney-Yang deficiency group.To conclude,Yougui pills can significantly enhance the biomechanical properties of the osteoporotic bones with Kidney-Yang deficiency,but have no significant effect on the osteoporotic bone with Kidney-Yin deficiency.

Skin modeling of transdermal drug delivery system refers to experimental models that mimic the structure and function of human skin to explore and evaluate absorption,penetration,and efficacy of medicines in transdermal drug delivery.It provides an alternative to traditional human skin experiments and reduces the use of human skin in medical research,which is convenient,controllable,and cost effective.For skin models of transdermal drug delivery systems,this article introduces commonly used animal skin models,artificial skin models,and recombinant human skin models from the perspective of the transdermal absorption pathway of medicines,and analyzes their advantages,disadvantages,and applications so provide references the research and development of transdermal formulations and topical therapies.

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Compre-hensive treatment based on surgical resection can improve prognosis of patients to a great extent. However, a significant challenge had arisen as patients were often diagnosed with distant metas-tases, predominantly liver metastases. Traditionally, patients presenting with metastatic pancreatic cancer have been considered unresectable, leading to palliative systemic chemotherapy as the standard treatment. With the establishment of multiagent chemotherapy protocols in recent years, the feasi-bility of conversion surgery in selected patients with liver oligometastasis following preoperative chemotherapy was reported. Nonetheless, the understanding of pancreatic cancer with liver oligo-metastases remains limited among most physicians, leaving the treatment paradigm of these patients ambiguous. In this review, the authors attempt to define liver oligometastases in pancreatic cancer, assess the safety and oncologic outcome of surgical resection, and explore feasible strategies for conversion surgery from the perspective of biological resectability.