AIM: To assess the impact of optimized pulsed technology(OPT)on the morphological and functional changes of meibomian glands in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS: This prospective case-control study enrolled 60 MGD patients(60 right eyes)treated at Weifang Eye Hospital from September 2023 to February 2024. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on the extent of meibomian gland loss, with 20 cases(20 eyes)per group. Treatments consisted of bilateral OPT combined with meibomian gland massages, administered biweekly over four sessions. Ocular surface function indicators including the ocular surface disease index(OSDI), corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), non-invasive average tear break-up time(NIBUTav), and non-invasive tear meniscus height(NITMH), as well as meibomian gland function parameters such as meibomian gland expressibility score(MGES)and meibomian gland secretion score(MGYSS)were observed and recorded before treatment and at 3 mo after final treatment. Cellular-level assessments using in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM)examined meibomian gland acinar unit density(MGAUD), inflammatory cell density(ICD), meibomian gland acinar longest diameter(MGALD)and meibomian gland acinar shortest diameter(MGASD).RESULTS: At baseline, no significant differences were found in NITMH across groups(P>0.05). Statistical significance were observed in NIBUTav, MGES, MGYSS, MGAUD, MGALD, and MGASD(all P<0.05). Compared to the mild group, the moderate and severe groups showed significant differences in OSDI, CFS, and ICD(all P<0.05), though no significant differences existed between moderate and severe groups(all P>0.05). At 3 mo after treatment, all groups showed no significant differences in NITMH(all P>0.05). All parameters improved significantly in the mild group(all P<0.05); all indicators improved in the moderate group(P>0.05), except for MGASD before and after treatment(all P<0.05); significant improvements were noted in OSDI, CFS, and NIBUTav in the severe group(all P<0.05), while MGES and MGYSS did not differ significantly(all P>0.05). IVCM parameters(MGAUD, ICD, MGALD, and MGASD)showed no significant change in the severe group(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:OPT effectively enhances various ocular surface functions and improves gland expressibility and secretion quality in mild to moderate MGD cases, while also positively impacting certain cellular parameters. In severe cases, where most acinar functions are lost and structural reversibility is limited, OPT can still mitigate MGD symptoms and decelerate disease progression.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of lamellar keratectomy and corneal collagen crosslinking(LKCCC)in treating superficial fungal keratitis.METHODS: Retrospective analysis. Totally 79 patients(79 eyes)with superficial fungal keratitis who underwent LKCCC in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2023 were included. After admission, routine antifungal drug treatment for 7 d showed no obvious improvement or progressive aggravation. The maximum diameter of corneal lesions in all patients was ≤7 mm, the maximum depth was no more than 50% of the corneal thickness at the location, and the remaining healthy corneal thickness was ≥300 μm. The follow-up time was 90 to 112 d.RESULTS:Among the included 79 eyes, the lesions were located in the central region of the cornea in 6 eyes, in the paracentral region in 61 eyes, and in the peripheral region in 12 eyes. Hypopyon was observed in 5 cases. LKCCC was successfully administered in 79 eyes, cured in 76 eyes(96%), and failed in 3 eyes(4%). The healing time of corneal epithelium in 76 cured eyes was 3-15 d, of which 51 eyes(67%)healed within 7 d and 24 eyes(32%)healed within 3 d. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of 76 eyes of cured patients were statistically significant compared with those preoperatively(P<0.0167). Two of the 3 failed eyes were located at the edge of the lesion and recovered after re-keratectomy. One eye was located in the center of the lesion and recovered after being covered by bulbar conjunctival flap. At the last follow-up, no other complications were observed in all patients except superficial cloud and thinning of cornea.CONCLUSION:LKCCC is a rapid and effective treatment for superficial fungal keratitis and can be considered a new treatment option.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of air quality in clean operating rooms in Xi'an and explore the possible influencing factors,thus to provide data support for improving the quality of operating room manage-ment.METHODS According to GB50333-2013"Architectural technical code for hospital clean operating depart-ment",on-site monitoring was conducted from 2017 to 2021 on the air quality of 242 clean operating rooms in 41 hospitals in Xi'an,and the results were compared and analyzed.RESULTS Among the operating rooms being sur-veyed,130 were from secondary hospitals,112 from tertiary hospitals;seventy-nine were ClassⅠoperating rooms,26 were ClassⅡ,137 were ClassⅢ.The pass rate for settling bacterial was 98.35%,with 94.94%for ClassⅠoperating rooms,which was significantly lower than that in ClassⅡand ClassⅢ operating rooms(χ2=6.565,P=0.022).The pass rate for dust particles was 69.01%,with 43.04%for ClassⅠoperating rooms,and there was significant difference among different levels of operating rooms(χ2=37.304,P<0.001).The pass rate for dust particles in tertiary hospitals was 61.61%,lower than that in secondary hospitals(75.38%;χ2=5.340,P=0.021).The pass rate for dust particles≥0.5μm and≥5μm were 85.12%and 74.79%,respectively.Among the operating rooms with unqualified dust particles,those with both≥0.5 μm and≥5 μm dust particles not meeting standards accounted for 29.33%,and those with only≥0.5 μm dust particles not meeting standards accounted for 18.67%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that influencing factors for air quality in clean operating rooms included the year of monitoring and the level of the operating room,while the sampling area and hospital level were not statistically associated with the outcomes.CONCLUSION The overall air quality of op-erating rooms in Xi'an is not optimistic,the pass rate is affected by the year of monitoring and the clean levels of the operating rooms,indicating a need to strengthen routine management and monitoring of clean operating rooms.

Objective:To analyze incidence trends and age distribution of cutaneous melanoma in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2019.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, data on the reported incidence of cutaneous melanoma from 2009 to 2019 were obtained from 16 cancer registries in Jiangsu Province, which had complete and continuous records after quality control. The Jointpoint log-linear regression model was used, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to analyze incidence trends of cutaneous melanoma in different genders and areas (urban or rural). Data from the Chinese population census in 2000 were used for calculation of age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population. The Jointpoint regression model was used to evaluate the trends in the average age at onset over time. If there were no inflection points, a t test was used to compare changes in the average age at onset and age-specific proportions among different years. The age-period-cohort model was used to analyze changes of the incidence in birth cohorts in different years. Results:The age-standardized incidence rate of cutaneous melanoma in Jiangsu province was 0.26/100 000 in 2009 and 0.49/100 000 in 2019. Overall, the provincial incidence rates showed an increasing trend (AAPC in age-standardized incidence rates: 6.17%, P < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, increasing trends were observed in different genders and areas (AAPC in age-standardized incidence rates: 4.24% for males, 8.01% for females, 5.17% for urban areas, 7.62% for rural areas, all P < 0.001). The standardized average age at onset of cutaneous melanoma was 59.95 years in 2009 and 58.84 years in 2019, with no significant trend in average age at onset over time ( P = 0.196). People aged 60 years and above had an AAPC of 1.20% ( P = 0.020) in the actual incidence proportion of cutaneous melanoma in 2019 compared with 2009. The age-period-cohort model showed that the incidence progressively increased with the year of birth in age groups among patients of different genders and in different areas (all P < 0.05) . Conclusions:The overall incidence of cutaneous melanoma was relatively low in Jiangsu province from 2009 to 2019, however, an upward trend was observed. Patients in both rural and urban areas, as well as female and male populations, all exhibited increasing incidence rates. The incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma increased with age.

BACKGROUND:Although researchers have noted that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 shows great potential in rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction,there is a lack of reviews related to the potential mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the mechanism of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by reviewing the relevant literature at both home and abroad. METHODS:We searched the CNKI database using the Chinese search terms"fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,rheumatoid arthritis,bone destruction,bone cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,chondrocytes,macrophages,synovial fibroblasts,T cells,vascular endothelial cells."PubMed database was searched using the English search terms"fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,rheumatoid arthritis,bone destruction,osteocytes,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,chondrocytes,macrophages,synovial fibroblasts,T cells,endothelial cells."The search period focused on April 1992 to January 2024.After screening the literature by reading titles,abstracts,and full texts,a total of 82 articles were finally included for review according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was found to be widely expressed in bone tissue-associated cells,including osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and osteoclasts.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 affects bone remodeling and homeostasis by regulating the function of these cells,as well as promoting the onset and progression of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is involved in the inflammatory response of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages and regulates angiogenesis of endothelial cells in synovial tissues.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes bone destruction in several ways.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 may be a potential causative agent of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and provides a reference for further research on its therapeutic targets.

Objective To explore the effects of commonly used rapid imaging techniques on the image quality of cerebral three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF-MRA)and to select the optimal imaging technique for clinical use.Methods Thirty subjects were prospectively recruited,and five sets of 3D-TOF-MRA images were acquired as follows:non-acceleration(reference group),intra-layer parallel imaging(PI)(1D group),inter-layer PI(2D group),compressed sensing(CS)group,and artificial intelligence-assisted compressive sensing(ACS)group.The metrics including clarity,pseudo-stenosis,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR),and edge sharpness of the intracranial proximal,middle,and distal blood vessels were quantitatively or qualitatively assessed.Results There were no significant differences in the clarity of intracranial proximal and middle blood vessels between the groups(P＞0.05).The clarity of distal blood vessels in the ACS group was superior to that in the other groups,and the CS and 2D groups were superior to the 1D group.Compared to the reference group,no stenosis was observed in any segment of the blood vessels in the ACS group,while the incidence of stenosis in the distal blood vessels of the 1D,2D,and CS groups was 36.67％,13.33％,and 6.67％,respectively.The SNR of the proximal and middle blood vessels in the ACS group did not differ from the reference group,and the SNR of the proximal,middle,and distal segments was higher than that in the 1D and CS groups,and higher than the 2D group for the proximal and distal segments.The CNR of the proximal,middle,and distal segments in the ACS group did not differ from the reference group,and was higher than that of the 1D and CS groups,and higher than the 2D group for the proximal and distal segments.The edge sharpness of the ACS group was significantly higher than that of the other groups.Conclusion ACS technology can accelerate the imaging speed and improve the image quality of cerebral 3D-TOF-MRA.It is recommended for use.

Objective:To analyze the trend of colorectal cancer incidence and age changes in cancer registration areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019.Methods:Based on the continuous and complete data of 16 cancer registries with qualified quality control in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019, the crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate by Segi World Standard Population (ASIRW), age-specific incidence rate, mean age at onset, standardized mean age at onset, standardized age-specific incidence proportion, and incidence proportion of the population over 60 years old of colorectal cancer were calculated. Joinpoint software was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of crude incidence rate, ASIRW, age-specific incidence rate, and incidence proportion of the population over 60 years, respectively. Birth cohort models were constructed to analyze the incidence of colorectal cancer and its trends in the population born from 1929 to 2019. Linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between mean age at onset, standardized mean age at onset and the year of onset.Results:From 2009 to 2019, a total of 48 036 new cases of colorectal cancer were collected from 16 cancer registries in Jiangsu Province, including 27 508 males and 20 528 females. The crude incidence rate and ASIRW of colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Province increased from 19.00/100 000 and 12.32/100 000 in 2009 to 33.49/100 000 and 16.75/100 000 in 2019, respectively, showing a significant upward trend (CR: AAPC=5.99%, ASIRW: AAPC=3.54%, P<0.001). The increase of ASIRW was greater in males than that observed in females (males: AAPC=4.31%, females: AAPC=2.34%, P<0.001), and greater in rural areas than in urban areas (rural areas: AAPC=4.03%, urban areas: AAPC=3.13%, P<0.001). The incidence of people over 50 years old increased significantly by year, with the 60~69 age group exhibiting a more rapid increase ( AAPC=4.97%, P<0.05). In the birth cohort, the incidence increased rapidly in the population over 50 years with the passage of birth year, with AAPCs ranging from 1.76% to 7.05% ( P<0.05). From 2009 to 2019, the standardized mean age at onset of colorectal cancer increased by 0.10 years annually. The proportion of standardized age-specific incidence exhibited a trend of increase in older age groups, and the incidence proportion of the population over 60 years old showed a significant yearly increase ( AAPC=0.86%, P<0.001). Conclusion:From 2009 to 2019, the incidence, mean age at onset and the incidence proportion of the population over 60 years old of colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Province could exhibit a rapid upward trend. The increase is particularly pronounced in males and rural areas. Additionally, the age-specific incidence distribution reveals a trend of increase in older age groups. Therefore, targeted adjustments and comprehensive prevention measures should be strengthened.

Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration. We investigated the effects of magnetic fields with varying frequencies on neuronal activity and compared the activation effects on neurons using a 10-Hz precise magneto-stimulation system (pMSS) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice. Oxytocin levels, dendritic morphology and density, and mouse behavior were measured before and after pMSS intervention. Our findings suggest that pMSS can activate oxytocinergic neurons, leading to upregulation of oxytocin secretion and neurite outgrowth. As a result, sociability was rapidly improved after a one-week pMSS treatment regimen. These results demonstrate a promising magneto-stimulation method for regulating neuronal activity in deep brain nuclei and provide a promising therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods* ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Mice ; Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology*

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of β and γ oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID).Methods:Seventeen patients with advanced idiopathic PD received subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) from August 2019 to June 2021 at Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled; 11 patients were without LID before surgery (PD group) and 6 patients were with LID before surgery (LID group). Preoperative electrophysiological data of the STN, including Area under power spectral density (PSD-AUC), burst amplitude and duration of β and γ oscillations, were compared between the two groups.Results:PSD-AUC of β oscillation at 25-35 Hz in the PD group (60.39±1.00) was significantly increased compared with that in the LID group (54.33±0.55), whereas the PSD-AUC of γ oscillation at 65-85 Hz in the LID group (97.31±1.84) was significantly increased compared with that in the PD group (41.52±7.42, P<0.05). The aburst mplitude and duration of β oscillation in the PD group were significantly increased compared with those in the LID group ([8.52±1.00] au] vs. [1.09±0.13] au, [13 344±2 069] ms vs. [1 442±128] ms, P<0.05), while the burst amplitude and duration of γ oscillation in the LID group were significantly higher than those in the PD group ([5.03±0.55] au vs. [0.14±0.01] au, [12 276±5 011] ms vs. [1 741±233] ms, P<0.05). Conclusion:The imbalance of β-γ oscillations in the STN is associated with LID pathophysiology.

Bacteriophages possess the ability to infect and kill bacteria and have now been applied in various oral diseases,providing new insights for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.They are expected to become a novel biological antibacterial agent for treating oral diseases.This paper comprehensively discusses the application of bacteriophages in oral medicine from six aspects:the concept and application prospects of bacteriophages,four common infectious diseases of the oral cavity and their pathogenic bacteria,existing treatment methods,and the application and outlook of bacteriophages in these diseases.Lay a theoretical basis for the clinical implementation of phage therapy.