Objective: To investigate the treatment outcomes and influencing factors among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategies of pulmonary tuberculosis and reducing the risk of adverse treatment outcomes among elderly patients. Methods: Data on patients aged ≥60 years with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City from 2016 to 2022 were collected from the Tuberculosis Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including basic information, diagnosis and treatment details, and laboratory test results. The successful treatment rate and the incidence of adverse treatment outcomes were calculated. Factors affecting adverse treatment outcomes among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 094 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were registered in Lishui City from 2016 to 2022, with a median age of 70 (interquartile range, 13) years. There were 2 396 male patients (77.44%) and 698 female patients (22.56%). A total of 2 676 patients achieved successful treatment, with a successful treatment rate of 86.49%. The successful treatment rate demonstrated a significant upward trend from 2016 to 2022 (P<0.05). There were 418 patients with adverse treatment outcomes, accounting for an incidence of 13.51%. The main types of adverse outcomes were death and loss to follow-up, with 199 and 100 patients, accounting for 47.61% and 23.92%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were male (OR=1.333, 95%CI: 1.018-1.745), aged ≥70 years (70-<80 years, OR=1.909, 95%CI: 1.469-2.481; ≥80 years, OR=3.878, 95%CI: 2.967-5.068), living in rural areas (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.068-1.661), with positive etiological results (OR=1.470, 95%CI: 1.143-1.889), and undergoing retreatment (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.419-2.607) had a higher risk of adverse treatment outcomes. Conclusions The successful treatment rate showed an upward trend among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City from 2016 to 2022. Gender, age, place of residence, etiological results, and treatment type were influencing factors for adverse treatment outcomes among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.030.].

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objective To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)and acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)of anterior circulation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent emergency endovascular thrombectomy at Neurovascular Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jan.2018 to Dec.2019.According to modified Rankin scale(mRS)score 90 d after operation,the patients were assigned to favorable outcome group(mRS score 0-2)or unfavorable outcome group(mRS score 3-6),and the TyG was compared.According to the median of TyG,the patients were assigned to low-TyG group(TyG＜8.57)or high-TyG group(TyG ≥8.57),and the clinical data,laboratory indexes,and imaging characteristics were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TyG for poor prognosis.Results A total of 135 patients were enrolled,with 72 in the favorable outcome group and 63 in the unfavorable outcome group.The TyG of the unfavorable outcome group was significantly higher than that of the favorable outcome group(8.82+0.63 vs 8.43+0.60,P＜0.001).There were 67 patients in the low-TyG group and 68 in the high-TyG group.Compared with the low-TyG group,the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia history(P=0.003),systolic blood pressure at admission(P=0.018),fasting blood glucose level(P＜0.001),and triglyceride level(P＜0.001)were significantly higher in the high-TyG group,the infarct core volume was significantly larger(P=0.025),the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was significantly lower(P=0.013),and the mRS score 90 d after operation was significantly higher(3[1,5]vs 1[0,5],P=0.049).The TyG had certain predictive value for poor prognosis in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients(area under curve value=0.662,95％confidence interval 0.571-0.753).Conclusion TyG is elevated in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients with poor prognosis,and may be a potential prognostic indicator for anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients.

Objective To investigate the value of nutritional status control(CONUT)score,platelet to albumin ratio(PAR)and mean platelet volume to lymphocyte ratio(MPVLR)before treatment on immunotherapy efficacy and immune-related adverse reactions(irAEs)in advanced gastric cancer patients.Methods A total of 113 patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the gas-tric cancer group,and 113 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.According to the efficacy of immunotherapy,the patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into effective group(70 cases)and in-effective group(43 cases),and divided into irAEs group(51 cases)and non-irAEs group(62 cases)according to whether irAEs occurred.The factors influencing the occurrence of irAEs in advanced gastric cancer were analyzed,and the value of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment in predicting the efficacy of im-munotherapy and irAEs in advanced gastric cancer was analyzed.Results The CONUT score,PAR and MPV-LR in gastric cancer group before treatment were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment in the ineffective group were higher than those in the effective group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR alone in predicting the ineffective immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients before treatment were 0.779,0.739 and 0.766,respectively,the AUC predicted by combined detection was 0.889,which was higher than that predic-ted by alone(P＜0.05).The CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment in irAEs group were higher than those in non-irAEs group(P＜0.05).The age of irAEs group was lower than that of non-irAEs group(P＜0.05),and the proportion of Ki-67 index,CD4+T lymphocytes and Treg cells was lower than that of non-irAEs group(P＜0.05).The increase of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment were risk factors for irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients(P＜0.05),and the increase of Treg cell proportion was a protective factor(P＜0.05).The AUC of CONUT score,PAR and MPVLR alone in predicting the occurrence of irAEs in advanced gastric cancer patients before treatment was 0.816,0.798 and 0.783,respectively,the AUC predic-ted by combined detection was 0.887,which was higher than that predicted alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion The CO-NUT score,PAR and MPVLR before treatment are significantly increased in advanced gastric cancer patients,and are associated with ineffective immunotherapy and the occurrence of irAEs.The combined detection of the three indicators can effectively predict the immunotherapy efficacy and irAEs in advanced gastric cancer pa-tients.

Objective:To analyze the extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI); To provide a scientific basis for its further development.Methods:The formula essential oil was extracted using the steam distillation method and analyzed for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPPH, ABTS scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of volatile oils were measured. The effect of the essential oil on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. ELISA and Western blot methods were used to determine the effects of volatile oil on LPS induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.Results:The average extraction rate of the formula essential oil was 1.12%, with a density of 0.973 2 g/ml. Twelve main chemical components were identified, with 1,8-cineole (42.9%) and patchoulol (19.9%) being the predominant constituents. The essential oil exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities of 52% and 59%, respectively, and a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity exceeding 70%. Essential oil could reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TCM formula essential oil for the treatment of URTI contains multiple bioactive components and demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective:To investigate the auditory and speech abilities of children with congenital auditory neuropathy (AN) after cochlear implant (CI), and to analyze the role of genetic testing in predicting the postoperative outcomes of CI in AN patients.Methods:Fourteen children diagnosed with AN by audiological battery test and underwent CI surgery in Xijing Hospital of the Air Force Medical University from 2002 to 2021 were included in this study (9 males and 5 females), with an implantation age of (3.1±1.7) years (mean±standard deviation, the same as follows). The preoperative audiological results and deafness gene results were analyzed. Another 52 children with ordinary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were selected as the control group (30 males and 22 females), with an implantation age of (2.2±0.9) years. The demographic factors such as age and gender were matched with those of the AN group. The modified Category Auditory Performance (CAP-Ⅱ) and Speech Intelligence Rate (SIR) were used to evaluate the development of postoperative auditory and speech abilities in two groups. The Mandarin Speech Test System was used to test the speech recognition rate of monosyllabic and disyllabic words and sentences. Matlab 2022 software was used to analyze the data.Results:The results of gene in 14 children with AN showed that 6 cases had OTOF gene mutations, 2 cases (siblings) were confirmed to have TNN gene mutations through whole exome sequencing, and the remaining 6 cases were not find any clear pathogenic gene mutations. All subjects underwent CI surgery with electrodes implanted into the cochlea smoothly, and there were no postoperative complications. After surgery, all AN children had improved auditory and speech abilities, but only 64% (9/14) of AN children with CI had auditory ability scores comparable to the control group of SNHL children (including 2 children with TNN gene mutations), and 36% (5/14) of AN children had lower scores than the control group of SNHL children.The average speech recognition rate of two children with TNN gene mutations was 86.5%, and of two children with OTOF gene mutations was 83.2%. Conclusions:AN children achieved varying degrees of auditory and speech abilities after CI, but the postoperative effects varied greatly. Some children achieved similar results as ordinary SNHL children, but there were still some children whose effects were worse than those of ordinary SNHL children. The postoperative efficacy of CI in two children with AN caused by TNN pathogenic genes were comparable to that of ordinary SNHL in children. Genetic testing had certain reference value for predicting the postoperative effect of CI in AN children.

BACKGROUND:Tissue engineering is considered an ideal treatment for growth plate regeneration.However,most of the current research on regenerative tissue engineering is the traditional scaffold-based strategy.As the limitations of traditional scaffolds are gradually revealed,the research direction is gradually diversifying. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies in the treatment of growth plate cartilage regeneration and their respective advantages and disadvantages. METHODS:The relevant articles were searched from PubMed,Wiley,and Elsevier.The search terms were"growth plate injury,regeneration,tissue engineering,scaffold,scaffold-free,biomimetic,cartilage"in English.The time was limited from 1990 to 2023.Finally,104 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The biomimetic strategy is to reduce the cell composition,biological signals and unique mechanical properties of each region to the greatest extent by simulating the unique organizational structure of the growth plate,so as to build a biomimetic microenvironment that can promote tissue regeneration.Therefore,the design of a biomimetic scaffold is to simulate the original growth plate as far as possible in terms of composition,structure and mechanical properties.Although some results have been achieved,there is still the problem of the unstable regeneration effect.The scaffold-free strategy believes that the limitations of scaffolds will have adverse effects on regenerative therapy.Therefore,the design of scaffold-free constructs relies as much as possible on the ability of cells to generate and maintain extracellular matrix without interfering with cell-cell signals or introducing exogenous substances.However,there are some problems,such as poor stability,low mechanical strength and greater difficulty in operation.Biomimetic strategy and scaffold-free strategy have different emphases,advantages and disadvantages,but they both have positive effects on growth plate cartilage regeneration.Therefore,subsequent studies,whether adopting a biomimetic strategy or a scaffold-free strategy,will focus on the continuous optimization of existing technologies in order to achieve effective growth plate cartilage regeneration therapy.

Objective To develop and evaluate the equivalence of the Mandarin test material for tracking of noise tolerance(TNT)test.Methods Six different speech materials were developed(themes including daily life,entertainment,family,festivals,outdoors,and school).Four-minute TNT tests were measured in 21 normal hear-ing subjects using six different test materials.For each session,the tolerable noise level(TNL)and TNT scores were acquired and calculated for 3 time windows(31～240 s,31～120 s,151～240 s).Results Statistic analysis showed significant differences in the TNL(F=43.611,P＜0.05)among the normal hearing listeners.There were statistically significant differences in standardize z-scored TNT scores of the six different materials in the three time windows(P＜0.05).Post-hoc comparisons revealed that all significant differences involved the family and daily life themes.Conclusion Entertainment,festival,outdoors and school themed test materials can serve as the materials of Mandarin tracking of noise tolerance test and can be appied in research and clinical testing.

Objective To evaluate the Mandarin tracking of noise tolerance(TNT)test material and compare the differences between the average tolerable noise level(aTNL)value obtained from assessment and the program-estimated tolerable noise level(eTNL).Methods A total of 25 subjects with normal hearing and aural communica-tional ability were selected to undergo two of the mandarin TNT tests successively(respectively test 1,C1;test 2,C2),and 13 of them completed the third test(C3)under the same test condition as test 2 at least 1 week later.The stimulus for the three test conditions was presented with"speech 0°,continuous noise 180°".Results The aTNL of 25 participants for C1 and C2 was 83.42±3.09 dB SPL and 83.50±3.18 dB SPL,respectively.The eTNL of 25 participants for C1 and C2 were 84.08±3.53 dB SPL and 83.95±3.85 dB SPL,respectively.The aTNL and eT-NL for 13 subjects who participated in C3 was 83.16±2.13 dB SPL and 83.18±2.64 dB SPL,respectively.The intra-session(C1 vs C2)and inter-session(C2 vs C3)test-retest reliability were 2.36 dB and 2.75 dB,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that intra-session(r=0.837,P＜0.001)and inter-session(r=0.867,P＜0.001)test-retest reliability was good.There was no statistical difference between aTNL and eTNL in the other TNT tests(P＞0.05 for both)except that aTNL and eTNL were statistically different in C1(P＜0.01),and more than 90％of the subjects could obtain eTNL within 1 minute.Conclusion The test-retest reliability of Mandarin tracking of noise tolerance test is good,with advantages of high reliability and efficiency.