Objective:To investigate the changes in sympathetic nerve activity after lower limb immobilization and the role of sympathetic nerve in regulating disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles.Methods:The experiment was divided into the following 3 parts: ① Twelve 8-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group and a hind limb fixation group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the hind limb fixation group received splint fixation of the hind limbs for 2 weeks before the musculoskeletal multi-dimensional characterization was completed at the behavioral, pathological and molecular levels. ② Thirty-six 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a control group and 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) ( n=6). The control group was fed normally until 14 days without any intervention while the 5 hind limb fixation groups were sampled after fixation for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days, respectively. The level of norepinephrine in the serum and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nerve activity in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), were detected to observe the plasticity of sympathetic nerve activity. ③ Eighteen 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a blank control group, a hind limb fixation group and a hind limb fixation plus medication group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the 2 fixation groups were injected with phosphate buffer (PBS) and propranolol hydrochloride solution for 2 consecutive weeks, respectively. The parameters related to the skeletal muscles were compared between the 3 groups. Results:① Compared with the control group, the mass and function of skeletal muscles in the hind limb fixation group were statistically significantly decreased ( P<0.05). ② The levels of serum norepinephrine [(3.27±1.03) ng/mL, (9.21±1.05) ng/mL, (6.36±0.88) ng/mL, (3.84±1.00) ng/mL, and (3.91±0.75) ng/mL] and the PVN TH levels (42.00%±5.38%, 61.67%±5.57%, 55.82%±3.11%, 50.90%±2.53%, and 39.17%±9.07%) in the 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.81±0.72)] ng/mL and 23.33%±5.50%] ( P<0.05). ③ The wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle [(93.50±4.32) mg] and the cross-section area of the tibial anterior muscle [(1,180.00±95.09) μm 2] in the hind limb fixation plus medication group were increased significantly compared with those in the hind limb fixation group [(80.83±9.99) mg and (907.80±121.00) μm 2] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs in the mice model of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy after hind limb fixation. Inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity may reduce the severity of skeletal muscle atrophy at the lower limbs.

Objective:To investigate the changes in sympathetic nerve activity after lower limb immobilization and the role of sympathetic nerve in regulating disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles.Methods:The experiment was divided into the following 3 parts: ① Twelve 8-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group and a hind limb fixation group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the hind limb fixation group received splint fixation of the hind limbs for 2 weeks before the musculoskeletal multi-dimensional characterization was completed at the behavioral, pathological and molecular levels. ② Thirty-six 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a control group and 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) ( n=6). The control group was fed normally until 14 days without any intervention while the 5 hind limb fixation groups were sampled after fixation for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days, respectively. The level of norepinephrine in the serum and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nerve activity in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), were detected to observe the plasticity of sympathetic nerve activity. ③ Eighteen 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a blank control group, a hind limb fixation group and a hind limb fixation plus medication group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the 2 fixation groups were injected with phosphate buffer (PBS) and propranolol hydrochloride solution for 2 consecutive weeks, respectively. The parameters related to the skeletal muscles were compared between the 3 groups. Results:① Compared with the control group, the mass and function of skeletal muscles in the hind limb fixation group were statistically significantly decreased ( P<0.05). ② The levels of serum norepinephrine [(3.27±1.03) ng/mL, (9.21±1.05) ng/mL, (6.36±0.88) ng/mL, (3.84±1.00) ng/mL, and (3.91±0.75) ng/mL] and the PVN TH levels (42.00%±5.38%, 61.67%±5.57%, 55.82%±3.11%, 50.90%±2.53%, and 39.17%±9.07%) in the 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.81±0.72)] ng/mL and 23.33%±5.50%] ( P<0.05). ③ The wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle [(93.50±4.32) mg] and the cross-section area of the tibial anterior muscle [(1,180.00±95.09) μm 2] in the hind limb fixation plus medication group were increased significantly compared with those in the hind limb fixation group [(80.83±9.99) mg and (907.80±121.00) μm 2] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs in the mice model of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy after hind limb fixation. Inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity may reduce the severity of skeletal muscle atrophy at the lower limbs.

Objective:To explore the effect of diet safety management based on swallowing function classification in perioperative period of elderly patients with hip fractures, so as to provide basis for improving perioperative food safety and shortening hospitalization time of patients with hip fracture.Methods:A total of 68 elderly patients with hip fractures in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from December 2020 to August 2021 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to even and odd-number of admission number, each group contained 34 patients. The control group was given routine diet nursing and food safety education. The experimental group was given graded diet safety management according to the swallowing function evaluation results. The incidence of aspiration and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of chocking during hospitalization was 5.1% (78/1 517) in the control group and 1.2% (17/1 402) in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=35.73, P<0.01). The incidence of choking in the control group was 0.7% (11/1 517), and 0.4% (5/1 402) in the experimental group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=1.82, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in hospitalization time between the two groups, 10 (8,12) in the control group and 9 (8,11) in the experimental group ( Z=-1.33, P>0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of diet safety management based on swallowing function classification in elderly patients with hip fractures can reduce the incidence of coughing. Evaluation of swallowing function should be included in the evaluation of hip fractures in the elderly.

Objective:To compare the post-operative outcomes between extended lateral approach and L-shaped lateral approach in surgical treatment of Sanders type III intra-articular calcaneal fractures.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was made on clinical data of 34 patients with fresh Sanders type III intra-articular calcaneal fractures hospitalized in Langfang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2014 to October 2017. There were 33 males and 1 female, with the age of 18-56 years [(42.5±9.4)years]. All fractures were fresh. Seventeen patients were fixed by the extended lateral approach (extended approach group) and seventeen patients by L-shaped lateral approach (L-shaped approach group). Operation duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, length of hospital stay, one-stage wound healing rate and complication rate were observed. B?hler and Gissane angle were measured before operation, one week after operation and 12 months after operation. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale was applied to evaluate function recovery.Results:There were no significant differences between groups in operative time and intraoperative bleeding volume ( P>0.05). There were significant differences between extended approach group and L-shaped approach group in length of hospital stay [(15.7±4.0)days vs.(22.4±9.6)days], one-stage wound healing rate [88%(15/17) vs. 47%(8/12)] and postoperative complication rate [12%(2/17) vs. 47%(8/17)] ( P<0.05). The B?hler and Gissane angles did not differ significantly between groups before operation and one week and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). At postoperative 12 months, the B?hler and Gissane angles were improved from preoperative (8.2±6.0)°, (85.3±10.5)° to (23.9±6.1)° and (119.3±6.2)° respectively in extended approach group, and those from preoperative (9.4±3.9)°, (85.5±7.1)° to (25.8±3.7)° and (122.2±5.6)° respectively in L-shaped approach group (all P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, the AOFAS score was (86.9±7.5)points in extended approach group, with the excellent and good rate of 88%; and was (83.3±12.5)points in L-shaped approach group, with the excellent and good rate of 76% ( P>0.05). While the score of hindfoot joint activity in extended approach group was (5.8±0.7)points, significantly higher than (3.4±1.0)points in L-shaped approach group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For Sanders III intraarticular calcaneal fractures, compared with L-shaped approach group, plate fixation via extended approach can promote fracture healing, shorten hospital stay, reduce incidence of complications and facilitate function recovery of subtalar joint.

Sleep status is an important indicator to evaluate the health status of human beings. In this paper, we proposed a novel type of unperturbed sleep monitoring system under pillow to identify the pattern change of heart rate variability (HRV) through obtained RR interval signal, and to calculate the corresponding sleep stages combined with hidden Markov model (HMM) under the no-perception condition. In order to solve the existing problems of sleep staging based on HMM, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was proposed to eliminate the error caused by the individual differences in HRV and then to calculate the corresponding sleep stages. Ten normal subjects of different age and gender without sleep disorders were selected from Guangzhou Institute of Respirator Diseases for heart rate monitoring. Comparing sleep stage results based on HMM to that of polysomnography (PSG), the experimental results validate that the proposed noninvasive monitoring system can capture the sleep stages S1-S4 with an accuracy more than 60%, and performs superior to that of the existing sleep staging scheme based on HMM.

Objective To observe the influence of Shenmai injection for the postoperative infection and related serum indexes of patients with breast cancer,in order to provide evidence for the prevention of patients'postoperative infection.Methods 90 patients with breast cancerwere selected as the study object,and all the patients were randomly divided into control group(conventional postoperative treatment group)45 cases and observation group (conventional treatment and Shenmai injection group)45 cases,then the postoperative infection rates,inflammatory indexes and immune indexes before the treatment and after the treatment at different time were compared .Results The total postoperative infection rate of observation group was one case (2.22%),and it had no obviously difference compared with four cases (8.89%) of control group,the inflammatory indexes including PCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP at first,third and seventh day after the treatment were all lower than those of control group ,the immune indexes including CD3 +、CD4 +、CD8 +及 CD3 +CD4 +were all better than those of control group ( all P<0.05 ) .Conclusion The Shenmai injection can effectively control the postoperative infection rate of patients with breast cancer,and it also plays active improvement role for the infection related indexes.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in formulation screening. METH-ODS:Taking Compound paracetamol and chlorphenamine maleate granules as model drug,based on single factor experiment,L9(34) orthogonal test was used to screen the formulation with the amount of aspartame,hawthorn powder essence,milk powder essence and saccharose as factors,using dissolution rate of caffeine as index. The granules prepared by 9 kinds of formulation in orthogonal test were evaluated with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in terms of taste,aroma,color and dissolubility. The optimized formula-tion was validated and compared with original formulation. RESULTS:The formulation 5 was the optimal choice in both orthogo-nal test and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and obtained same results. Compared with sensory comprehensive score (63.12) and dissolution rate of caffeine (91.3%) in original formulation,two indicators of optimized formulation in 3 tests were 84.00 and 99.07% in average (RSD<2.0%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation can be used for the formulation screening of sensory evaluation index. It is scientific and accurate.

Bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) is a kind of adult stem cells which exists widely in human mesenchymal tissues and have active abilities of self-replication and multi-differentiation. When intervened individually or jointly by certain inducing agents and by the kind of genes, it can differentiate into specific lineage of cells in vitro and the capacity of multilineage differentiation and proliferation does not change. At the same time, with the unique immunological characteristics,it is an ideal seed cell for tissue engineering. In recent years, a lot of studies have proved that BMSCs can not only be induced and differentiate into nerve cells under certain conditions but have a certain structure and function of the nerve cells, which provide a new way in the treatment of nerve system diseases.This paper gives a review of studies on induced differentiation of BMSCs into nerve cells and the functions.

To study the chemical constituents of Ardisia punctata,compounds were isolated with a combination of multi-chromatography.Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison to those of the known compounds.A 1,4-benzoquinone derivative and a alkylphenol were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the roots of Ardisia punctata.Their structures were elucidated as 2-tridecyl-3-[(2-tridecyl-4-acetoxy-6-methoxy)-phenoxyl]-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1) and 2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-6-tridecyl-phenyl acetate (2).The two compounds are both new.

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Ardisia punctata. Methods Compounds were separated with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Results Three compounds were isolated from chloroform extract of the roots of Ardisia punctata. Their structures were elucidated as 2-tridecyl-3-[ (2-tridecyl-3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-6-hydroxy) -phenyl ] -6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone ( 1 ), 2-tridecyl-3-[ ( 2 -tridecyl-4,6-dihydroxy ) -phenyl ] -6 -methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone ( 2 ) and 2 -tridecyl-3 - [ ( 2 -pentadecyl-4,6-dihydroxyl)-phenyl]-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (3). Conclusion The three compounds are new1,4-benzoquinone derivatives.