Cancer represents a major worldwide disease burden marked by escalating incidence and mortality. While therapeutic advances persist, developing safer and precisely targeted modalities remains imperative. Nanomedicines emerges as a transformative paradigm leveraging distinctive physicochemical properties to achieve tumor-specific drug delivery, controlled release, and tumor microenvironment modulation. By synergizing passive enhanced permeation and retention effect-driven accumulation and active ligand-mediated targeting, nanoplatforms enhance pharmacokinetics, promote tumor microenvironment enrichment, and improve cellular internalization while mitigating systemic toxicity. Despite revolutionizing cancer therapy through enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced adverse effects, translational challenges persist in manufacturing scalability, longterm biosafety, and cost-efficiency. This review systematically analyzes cutting-edge nanoplatforms, including polymeric, lipidic, biomimetic, albumin-based, peptide engineered, DNA origami, and inorganic nanocarriers, while evaluating their strategic advantages and technical limitations across three therapeutic domains: immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. By assessing structure-function correlations and clinical translation barriers, this work establishes mechanistic and translational references to advance oncological nanomedicine development.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Animals ; Nanomedicine/methods* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Radiotherapy/methods*

The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including gene expression, metabolic regulation, immune response, and the sleep-wake cycle in living organisms. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms to maintain the precise oscillation of the circadian clock. By modulating the stability, activity, cell localization and protein-protein interactions of core clock proteins, PTMs enable these proteins to respond dynamically to environmental and intracellular changes, thereby sustaining the periodic oscillations of the circadian clock. Different types of PTMs exert their effects through distincting molecular mechanisms, collectively ensuring the proper function of the circadian system. This review systematically summarized several major types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidative modification, and overviewed their roles in regulating the core clock proteins and the associated pathways, with the goals of providing a theoretical foundation for the deeper understanding of clock mechanisms and the treatment of diseases associated with circadian disruption.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/physiology* ; Circadian Clocks/physiology* ; Phosphorylation ; Acetylation ; Ubiquitination ; Sumoylation

Objective:To investigate the rates of low disease activity and clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in a real-world setting,and to analyze the related factors of low disease activity and clinical remission.Methods:One thousand patients with SLE were enrolled from 11 teaching hospitals.Demographic,clinical and laboratory data,as well as treatment regimes were collec-ted by self-completed questionnaire.The rates of low disease activity and remission were calculated based on the lupus low disease activity state(LLDAS)and definitions of remission in SLE(DORIS).Charac-teristics of patients with LLDAS and DORIS were analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of LLDAS and DORIS remission.Results:20.7％of patients met the criteria of LLDAS,while 10.4％of patients achieved remission defined by DORIS.Patients who met LLDAS or DORIS remission had significantly higher proportion of patients with high income and longer disease duration,compared with non-remission group.Moreover,the rates of anemia,creatinine eleva-tion,increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and hypoalbuminemia was significantly lower in the LLDAS or DORIS group than in the non-remission group.Patients who received hydroxychloroquine for more than 12 months or immunosuppressant therapy for no less than 6 months earned higher rates of LLDAS and DORIS remission.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that increased ESR,positive anti-dsDNA antibodies,low level of complement(C3 and C4),proteinuria,low household in-come were negatively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.However,hydroxychloroquine usage for longer than 12 months were positively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.Conclusion:LLDAS and DORIS remission of SLE patients remain to be improved.Treatment-to-target strategy and standar-dized application of hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants in SLE are recommended.

Objective:To explore the latent profile types of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients and analyze the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Methods:From January to October 2023, totally 596 stroke patients from the Neurology Department of five ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province were selected by stratified random sampling. The patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the WHO's Quality of Life Questionnaire- Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), the Short Form Health Belief Model Scale (SF-HBMS), and the Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileⅡ (HPLPⅡ). Latent profile analysis was used to classify the capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior characteristics of stroke patients, and multiple logistic regression was conducted to explore the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Results:Three latent profiles of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients were identified, including low capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with high health beliefs (32.4%, 193/596), moderate capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with insufficient health beliefs (47.5%, 283/596), and high capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with lack of social support (20.1%, 120/596). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, smoking history, family history, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were influencing factors of different latent profiles ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Stroke patients exhibit distinct classifications of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior. Targeted interventions should be conducted based on the characteristics of each category to improve health behavior management outcomes in patients.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of rumination between self-perceived burden (SPB) and stigma in stroke patients, so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of targeted nursing interventions in clinical practice.Methods:In September 2022, cluster sampling was used to select 1 126 stroke patients admitted to Department of Neurology of five ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province as subjects. General Information Questionnaire, Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Stroke Stigma Scale (SSS), and Chinese Version of Event Related Rumination Inventory (C-ERRI) were used to investigate stroke patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between SPB, rumination, and stigma. AMOS 28.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect.Results:A total of 1 126 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 026 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 91.12% (1 026/1 126). SPBS score of 1 026 stroke patients was (28.68±8.32), the SSS score was (40.53±9.48) and the C-ERRI score was (25.43±12.62). Pearson correlation analysis showed that SPB in stroke patients was positively correlated with stigma and rumination ( P<0.01), and rumination was positively correlated with stigma ( P<0.01). Bootstrap mediating effect test showed that rumination partially mediated the relationship between SPB and stigma in stroke patients, accounting for 55.15% of the total effect. Conclusions:SPB of stroke patients both directly affect stigma and indirectly affect stigma through rumination. Clinical nursing workers should promptly evaluate patients' SPB, pay attention to the mediating role of rumination, develop effective psychological intervention programs, implement personalized and targeted nursing measures, relieve patients' stigma, and improve treatment and rehabilitation compliance.

Objective:To understand the research status and hotspots in the field of stroke health management at home and abroad, and to provide insights for stroke health management research in China.Methods:Relevant literature on stroke health management published between 2013 and 2023 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was used for the visual analysis of the number of publications, authors, institutions, countries, and keywords.Results:A total of 382 relevant articles were included, with 169 in English and 213 in Chinese. The number of publications on stroke health management showed a fluctuating upward trend. Research hotspots and frontiers in stroke health management mainly focused on telemedicine, big data and "Internet+", primary and secondary prevention, risk prediction models, quality of life, and swallowing disorders. Future research trends may focus on management models for post-stroke swallowing disorders, risk identification, and the role of caregivers in remote rehabilitation interventions.Conclusions:Researchers can refer to the research hotspots and trends shown by the visual analysis, with particular attention to health management models for patients with post-stroke swallowing disorders and issues related to remote intervention rehabilitation.

Objective:To verify the feasibility and advantages of ARCHER-NM, a GPU-based fast Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation engine, in calculating individualized doses of radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) through simulation experiments.Methods:The calculation reliability and efficiency of ARCHER-NM were verified by comparing its result with those of the MC software GATE in the water phantom experiments of radionuclide point sources and the dose calculations for RPT-treated patients. In the water phantom experiments, the generality of ARCHER-NM on different radionuclides was verified using common radionuclides like 67Cu, 89Sr, 90Y, 131I, 177Lu, and 188Re. The calculations of individualized doses for RPT-treated patients were tested based on the data of two patients from the University of Michigan′s public dataset for 177Lu-DOTATATE-treated cases. Gamma passing rates, dose volume histograms (DVHs), and average organ doses were employed to assess the consistency of ARCHER-NM and GATE in patients′ dose calculation result. The computing time was statistically analyzed to assess the efficiency of MC calculations. Results:In the water phantom experiments for all radionuclides, the relative differences of average doses between ARCHER-NM and GATE ranged from -1.63% to 2.29%, with an average absolute difference of 1.15%, suggesting high consistency. As indicated by the dose result of the two patients, the average doses for all organs between ARCHER-NM and GATE exhibited percentage errors of below 4%. The gamma passing rates for the two patients were 98.8% and 98.6%, respectively, under the 2 mm/1% standard within the 3% maximum dose isodose line. The simulation of 5 × 10 9decay required 90 s for ARCHER-NM on a personal host configured with a 24 GB Nvidia Titan RTX, whereas GATE took over 9 h on a 112-thread server for the same simulation. Conclusions:The water phantom experiments substantiate the accuracy and generality of ARCHER-NM for dose calculations. Based on the organ dose calculations of 177Lu-DOTATATE-treated patients, ARCHER-NM proves accurate and quick in calculating the individualized internal doses for RPT-treated patients. Therefore, ARCHER-NM plays a positive role in the dose planning of subsequent treatment and the protection of organs at risk including kidneys.

Existing epidemiologic and clinical studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with the risk of a variety of cancers. In recent years, an increasing number of experimental and clinical studies have unraveled the complex relationship between obesity and cancer risk and the underlying mechanisms. Obesity-induced abnormalities in immunity and biochemical metabolism, including chronic inflammation, hormonal disorders, dysregulation of adipokines, and microbial dysbiosis, may be important contributors to cancer development and progression. These contributors play different roles in cancer development and progression at different sites. Lifestyle changes, weight loss medications, and bariatric surgery are key approaches for weight-centered, obesity-related cancer prevention. Treatment of obesity-related inflammation and hormonal or metabolic dysregulation with medications has also shown promise in preventing obesity-related cancers. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which obesity affects the risk of cancer at different sites and explore intervention strategies for the prevention of obesity-associated cancers, concluding with unresolved questions and future directions regarding the link between obesity and cancer. The aim is to provide valuable theoretical foundations and insights for the in-depth exploration of the complex relationship between obesity and cancer risk and its clinical applications.
Humans ; Adipokines/metabolism* ; Bariatric Surgery ; Inflammation/therapy* ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Obesity/therapy* ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the comorbidity of hepatic cystic echinococcosis with HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and to lay a foundation for further research on the influence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis on HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 401 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from 2003 to 2019, and the state of comorbidity of hepatic cystic echinococcosis with HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma was clarified. The patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis and chronic HBV/HCV infection were selected as comorbidity group, and the patients with HBV/HCV infection alone were matched as control group. The chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the state of viral infection and the disease composition of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Results Of all 401 patients, 38(9.5%) were included in the comorbidity group and 2(0.5%) had liver cirrhosis after HBV/HCV infection, while no patient had hepatocellular carcinoma after HBV/HCV infection. Among the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the comorbidity group, non-active HBsAg carriers accounted for 81%, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 9.5%, and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 9.5%; among the patients with hepatitis B virus infection in the control group, non-active HBsAg carriers accounted for 43%, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 33%, and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 19%, with a significant difference between the two groups ( P =0.033). There was a significant difference in the HBV RNA clearance rate of the patients with HCV infection between the comorbidity group and the control group ( χ 2 =4.447, P =0.035). In the comorbidity group, the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 5.2% and there were no patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, while in the control group, the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 18.4% and those with hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 5.2%; the comorbidity group had significantly lower proportions than the control group ( P =0.048). Conclusion The proportion of liver cirrhosis patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis and HBV/HCV infection is lower than that of liver cirrhosis patients with viral hepatitis alone, and there are no cases of hepatocellular carcinoma after HBV/HCV infection. Further multicenter studies are needed to investigate the influence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis on chronic HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.