Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

Objective： To investigate the correlation between pathological features at the positive margins and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Methods： From June 2014 to December 2019, a total of 200 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in this study by the method of case matching (1∶1). One hundred patients with positive surgical margin and 100 with negative surgical margin were enrolled in this study. All patients did not receive any adjuvant treatment after surgery with a clinical stage of T2/N0. BCR-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. An optimal cutoff for the PSM length which differentiated risk for BCR was identified by Classification and Regression Tree analysis (CART). Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between variables and BCR-free survival. Results： A total of 200 patients were included in this study, and 177 patients with pT2 stage were pathological after operation. The median follow-up time of this group of patients was 32.8 months ranged from 5.6 to 80.5 months. A total of 28 cases of biochemical recurrence were found through PSA follow-up after surgery, including 6 cases (6.0%) in the negative margin group and 22 cases (22.0%) in the positive margin group. The result of Kaplan Meier survival curve analysis showed that the non biochemical recurrence survival time of the negative margin group was longer than that of the positive margin group (log rank χ2=9.336, P=0.003). It was found that the length of positive margin ≥1 mm in the positive margin group was positively correlated with postoperative biochemical recurrence. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify that the highest Gleason score ≥8 and the length of positive ≥1 mm were independent factors of postoperative biochemical recurrence in both the overall patients and the patients with positive margin. Conclusion：　The patients with highest Gleason score ≥8 and the length of positive ≥1mm are at elevated risk for BCR.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Margins of Excision ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common mechanisms among collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and CIA+BLM to evaluate the therapeutic effect of triptolide (TP) on CIA+BLM. METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to a random number table (n=6 per group): normal control (NC), CIA, BLM, combined CIA+BLM model, TP low-dose (TP-L, 0.0931 mg/kg), and TP high-dose (TP-H, 0.1862 mg/kg) groups. The CIA model was induced by intradermal injection at the base of the tail with emulsion of bovine type II collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (1:1), with 200 µL administered on day 0 and a booster of 100 µL on day 7. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced via a single intratracheal injection of BLM (5 mg/kg). The CIA+BLM model combined both protocols, and TP was administered orally from day 14 to 35. After successful modeling, arthritis scores were recorded every 3 days, and pulmonary function was assessed once at the end of the treatment period. Lung tissues were collected for histological analysis (hematoxylin eosin and Masson staining), immunohistochemistry, measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP) content, and calculation of lung coefficient. In addition, HE staining was performed on the ankle joint. Total RNA was extracted from lung tissues for transcriptomic analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared with those from the RA-associated interstitial lung diseases patient dataset GSE199152 to identify overlapping genes, which were then used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Hub genes were identified using multiple topological algorithms. RESULTS: The successfully established CIA+BLM rat model exhibited significantly increased arthritis scores and severe pulmonary fibrosis (P<0.01). By intersecting the DEGs obtained from transcriptomic analysis of lung tissues in CIA, BLM, and CIA+BLM rats with DEGs from rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease patients (GSE199152 dataset), 50 upregulated and 44 downregulated genes were identified. Through integrated PPI network analysis using multiple topological algorithms, IGF1 was identified as a central hub gene. TP intervention significantly improved pulmonary function by increasing peak inspiratory flow (P<0.01), and reduced lung index and HYP content (P<0.01). Histopathological analysis showed that TP alleviated alveolar collapse, interstitial thickening, and collagen deposition in the lung tissues (P<0.01). Moreover, TP treatment reduced the expression of collagen type I and α-SMA and increased E-cadherin levels (P<0.01). TP also significantly reduced arthritis scores and ameliorated synovial inflammation (P<0.05). Both transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that IGF1 expression was elevated in the CIA+BLM group and downregulated following TP treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION TP exerts protective effects in the CIA+BLM model by alleviating arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis through the inhibition of IGF1-mediated EMT.
Animals ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/complications* ; Bleomycin/adverse effects* ; Phenanthrenes/pharmacology* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Diterpenes/pharmacology* ; Epoxy Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Arthritis, Experimental/complications* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism* ; Rats ; Lung/physiopathology*

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone density and structure are destroyed and fractures are caused by increased bone fragility,leading to high clinical disability and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the role of bone immunity in physiological and pathological processes related to bone metabolism,providing ideas for the research and clinical application of bone immunity in bone diseases. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases in November 2022 for relevant literature using the keywords of"osteoimmunology,immuno-skeletal interface,bone metabolism,skeletal metabolism,lymphocyte,immune factor"in English and Chinese,respectively.The time range of retrieval was mainly from January 2010 to November 2022,and a small number of classical long-term literatures were included.After reading the topic and abstract for preliminary screening and excluding repetitive studies,low-quality journals and unrelated literature,81 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Osteoimmunology refers to that bone and immune cells share the same microenvironment and interact with each other to jointly perform the"bone immune system,"which includes all cells in the bone marrow.Immuno-skeletal interface has protective effects on bone under physiological conditions,but it may lead to bone destruction under pathological conditions.Osteoprotegerin is mainly derived from B cells and can inhibit osteoclast metabolism.However,when the body is in an inflammatory state,T cells and B cells work together to promote bone resorption.In addition,interleukin-1,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α regulate the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in vivo and affect bone metabolism.In most clinical diseases(such as rheumatoid arthritis,estrogen deficiency,HIV infection,and hyperparathyroidism),the immuno-skeletal interface interacts with the bone immune system,resulting in the regulation of bone metabolism.In terms of clinical prospect,the interaction between bone immunity and bone metabolism should be studied in order to propose new strategies for therapeutic intervention to reduce the risk of fracture.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic disease seriously impairing the quality of life in patients. Expectations to allow the hopeless central nervous system to repair itself after injury are unfeasible. Developing new approaches to regenerate the central nervous system is still the priority. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) have been proven to robustly quench the inflammatory response or oxidative stress and curb neuronal apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, which are the key processes to rescue damaged spinal cord neurons and restore their functions. Nonetheless, MSC-Exo in SCI received scant attention. In this review, we reviewed our previous work and other studies to summarize the roles of MSC-Exo in SCI and its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we also focus on the application of exosomes as drug carrier in SCI. In particular, it combs the advantages of exosomes as a drug carrier for SCI, imaging advantages, drug types, loading methods, etc., which provides the latest progress for exosomes in the treatment of SCI, especially drug carrier.

This study utilized a chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-guided isolation strategy to accurately capture angular-type pyranocoumarins (APs) in Peucedani Radix (Chinese name: Qianhu). Sixteen APs were successfully purified from the ethyl acetate extract of Peucedani Radix through deploying various techniques such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and achiral (chiral) semi-preparative liquid chromatography. After extensive structural measurements, such as ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, their structures were identified as (3′S)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′,4′-dihydroseselin (1A), (3′R)-3′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-4′-oxo-3′,4′-dihydroseselin (1B), (3′S)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2A), (3′R)-3′-isovaleryl-4′-oxo-lomatin (2B), (3′S)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′,4′-dihydroseselin (3A), (3′R)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-oxo-3′,4′-dihydroseselin (3B), (3′S,4′S)-praeruptorin B (4A), (3′R,4′R)-praeruptorin B (4B), (3′S,4′S)-praeruptorin E (5A), (3′R,4′R)-praeruptorin E (5B), 3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloyl-cis-khellactone (6), 3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methyl-butyroyl)-cis-khellactone (7), (3′S,4′S)-praeruptorin A (8A), (3′R,4′R)-praeruptorin A (8B), (3′S,4′S)-khellactone (9A), and (3′R,4′R)-khellactone (9B), respectively. Thereof, compounds 1A and 1B were new compounds, while compound 2A represents a new configuration for a known planar structure. Compounds 2A and 2B were isolated for the first time from Peucedani Radix. Above all, chiral LC-MS-guided isolation strategy is advantageous at rapid capturing new compounds from herbal medicines, providing an effective means for the separation of novel structures, especially new enantiomers.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of foodborne disease control measures. Methods: Active surveillance data of foodborne disease cases in Karamay City from 2018 to 2022 were collected from Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System. Population distribution, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, etiological characteristics and history of suspicious food exposure of foodborne diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 715 cases with foodborne diseases were reported in Karamay City from 2018 to 2022, and 672 samples were detected, with a sampling rate of 93.99% and a positive rate of 4.17%. Positive rates of detected pathogens showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022 (P<0.05). There were 352 men (49.23%) and 363 women (50.77%), 272 cases (38.04%) were at ages of 20 to 39 years, and 225 cases (31.47%) were workers. The detection of foodborne diseases was concentrated during the period between November and December (312 cases, 43.64%), followed by the period between July and August (209 cases, 29.23%). The main clinical symptoms were digestive system symptoms (700 cases, 97.90%). Norovirus were detected (28 cases), while Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were not detected. The suspicious food exposure was predominantly meat and meat products (211 cases, 29.51%), and the suspicious food exposure place was predominantly at food service establishments (350 cases, 48.95%). Conclusions Foodborne diseases were highly prevalent during the period between November and December and between July and August in Karamay City from 2018 to 2022. Residents at ages of 20 to 39 years and workers are high-risk populations. Meat and meat products are the main suspicious food products and dining places are the main exposed places.

Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and protection. Methods Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120 after the first immunization.Additionally,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death status.In a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28 and 42 after the first immunization. Results A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P<0.05).The groups 0-3-7-14,0-3-7-21,and 0-3-7-28 showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time point.The post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05). Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14-28 d)on the immunization potential.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) in Tianjin from 2015 to 2020.Methods:The study data were obtained from the Third Center Hospital of Tianjin, a designated sentinel hospital, from 2015 to 2020, with 1 597 SARI patients enrolled in this study. The clinical specimens of the research participants were subjected to respiratory multi-pathogen testing. HRSV-positive specimens were subtyped to analyze the differences in HRSV detection rates among cases of different age groups and periods and their mixed infection situations.Results:A total of 1 597 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, with an HRSV detection rate of 4.20%. Among 67 HRSV-positive specimens, there were 19 pure HRSV-A nucleic acid-positive specimens, 19 pure HRSV-B nucleic acid-positive specimens and 29 mixed HRSV-A and HRSV-B nucleic acid-positive specimens. The difference in HRSV detection rate among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05), and the HRSV detection rate in children under five years old was higher than that in other age groups. From 2016 to 2020, the detection rate of HRSV showed an increasing trend year by year. The HRSV detection rate of SARI cases was highest in the winter season, at 7.15%. There were 10 (14.93%) mixed positive cases for HRSV and other viruses, of which four were mixed positive for HRSV and influenza A. Conclusion:The incidence of HRSV in Tianjin exhibits an increasing trend from 2016 to 2020, peaking during the winter season, with children under five years old constituting a high-risk demographic for HRSV infection.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) in Tianjin from 2015 to 2020.Methods:The study data were obtained from the Third Center Hospital of Tianjin, a designated sentinel hospital, from 2015 to 2020, with 1 597 SARI patients enrolled in this study. The clinical specimens of the research participants were subjected to respiratory multi-pathogen testing. HRSV-positive specimens were subtyped to analyze the differences in HRSV detection rates among cases of different age groups and periods and their mixed infection situations.Results:A total of 1 597 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, with an HRSV detection rate of 4.20%. Among 67 HRSV-positive specimens, there were 19 pure HRSV-A nucleic acid-positive specimens, 19 pure HRSV-B nucleic acid-positive specimens and 29 mixed HRSV-A and HRSV-B nucleic acid-positive specimens. The difference in HRSV detection rate among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05), and the HRSV detection rate in children under five years old was higher than that in other age groups. From 2016 to 2020, the detection rate of HRSV showed an increasing trend year by year. The HRSV detection rate of SARI cases was highest in the winter season, at 7.15%. There were 10 (14.93%) mixed positive cases for HRSV and other viruses, of which four were mixed positive for HRSV and influenza A. Conclusion:The incidence of HRSV in Tianjin exhibits an increasing trend from 2016 to 2020, peaking during the winter season, with children under five years old constituting a high-risk demographic for HRSV infection.