Objective:To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method(GC-MS-MS)for determining the content of methyl p-toluenesulfonate(MTS),ethyl p-toluenesulfonate(ETS),and isopropyl p-toluenesulfonate(IPTS)in tosufloxacin tosylate hydrate.Methods:The HP-1MS(0.250 mm ×30 m,0.50 μm)column was used at progamming temperature,the injection temperature was 250 ℃.The MS conditions were as follow:the ionization mode was EI,the electron voltage was 70 V,the ion source temperature was 250 ℃,the scanning method was MRM,the quantitative ion pairs for MTS,ETS and IPTS were m/z 91 →65,m/z 155→91 and m/z 91→65.Results:The linearity ranges of MTS,ETS and IPTS were 48.779-975.59 ng·mL-1(r=0.998 5),54.586-1 091.7 ng·mL-1(r=0.998 4)and 46.241-924.82 ng·mL-1(r=0.999 8).The average recoveries were 99.47％,99.15％,98.83％(n=9).The MTS,ETS and IPTS were not detected in the 7 batches of tosufloxacin tosylate hydrate.Conclusion:The established method can be used for the determination of MTS,ETS,and IPTS content in tosufloxacin tosylate hydrate.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of serum cholinesterase(CHE)and soluble growth stimula-tion gene 2 protein(sST2)for short-term death in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure.Methods:A total of 100 patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure admitted in Nanjing Benq Hospital between March 2021 and March 2023 were screened.After 6-month follow-up,patients were grouped according to pres-ence of death.Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the factors associated with death during 6-month follow-up in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure.The predictive value of CHE,sST2 and their combined detection for short-term death in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare short-term sur-vival rate between myocardial infarction and heart failure patients with different CHE and sST2 levels.Results:During 6-month follow-up,46 cases died.Compared to those in survival group,patients in death group had sig-nificant higher heart rate(HR)[(82.20±8.09)beats/min vs.(71.54±6.97)beats/min],mean arterial pressure(MAP)[(126.58±5.38)mmHg vs.(104.79±4.94)mmHg]and sST2[(76.48±4.82)ng/ml vs.(40.62±4.96)ng/ml],and significant lower CHE[(3.47±0.26)IU/L vs.(5.07±0.80)IU/L](P＜0.001 all).Multivariate Cox regression showed that HR(HR 1.046,95％CI 1.002～1.092,P=0.040),MAP(HR 1.988,95％CI 1.298～2.455,P＜0.001),and sST2(HR 1.068,95％CI 1.014～1.125,P=0.013)were independent risk factors for short-term death in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure,while CHE was its independent protec-tive factor(HR=0.252,95％CI 0.145～0.561,P=0.023).ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of CHE,sST2 and their combination for diagnosing short-term death in patients with myocardial in-farction and heart failure was 0.609(95％0.504～0.707),0.630(95％0.525～0.726)and 0.939(95％0.871～0.977)respectively,and the diagnostic efficacy of combined detection was significantly higher than CHE and sST2 alone(Z=5.814,5.524,P＜0.001 all).Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate of patients with low CHE level was significantly lower than that of patients with high CHE level,and the survival rate of pa-tients with high sST2 level was significantly lower than that of patients with low sST2 level(Log-rank x2=2.415,2.354,P＜0.001 all).Conclusion:CHE and sST2 were independent influencing factors for death during 6-month follow-up in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure;their combined detection had good predictive value for short-term death in these patients.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Culicoides Latreille is among the most diverse and numerous genera of blood-sucking midges,and is widely dis-tributed throughout the world.In addition to stinging and harassing humans and animals,it can also transmit a variety of infec-tious diseases in humans and animals,including African horse fever virus(AHSV),blue tongue virus(BTV),and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV).Therefore,this insect is an important arbovirus vector of medical concern.Scientific monitoring and timely understanding of the population composition,density,and seasonal fluctuation are the basic premise for effective control of blood-sucking midges.In recent years,studies have increasingly assessed the ecological habits and monitoring methods of blood-sucking midges worldwide.This article reviews the frequently used monitoring methods for blood sucking midges world-wide,to provide a reference for monitoring midge density in China.The main methods include CDC light traps,CO2-baited CDC traps,CO2-baited CDC traps without light bulbs,Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute traps,BG-sentinel traps,human landing catch,human net trapping,animal enclosure traps,animal-baited trapping,sweep netting for adult monitoring,the saturated saline flotation method,the Berlese funnel method,and emergence traps for larval monitoring.The methods'operat-ing procedures,applicable monitoring scope,and advantages and limitations are described to provide ideas for promoting the development and improvement of monitoring technology and instruments.In addition,the monitoring methods described here-in,such as the CDC light trap method,sweep netting,and human landing catch,are applicable to monitoring and collecting other midge insects.

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this guideline is to establish evidence-based recommendations for the clinical use of parenteral nutrition (PN) in adult patients within the acute hospital setting in Singapore. METHOD: An expert workgroup, consisting of healthcare practitioners actively involved in clinical nutrition support across all public health institutions, systematically evaluated existing evidence and addressed clinical questions relating to PN therapy. RESULTS: This clinical practice guideline developed 30 recommendations for PN therapy, which cover these key aspects related to PN use: indications, patient assess-ment, titration and formulation of PN bags, access routes and devices, and monitoring and management of PN-related complications. CONCLUSION This guideline provides recommendations to ensure appropriate and safe clinical practice of PN therapy in adult patients within the acute hospital setting.
Humans ; Singapore ; Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects* ; Adult

Objective:To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method(GC-MS-MS)for determining the content of methyl p-toluenesulfonate(MTS),ethyl p-toluenesulfonate(ETS),and isopropyl p-toluenesulfonate(IPTS)in tosufloxacin tosylate hydrate.Methods:The HP-1MS(0.250 mm ×30 m,0.50 μm)column was used at progamming temperature,the injection temperature was 250 ℃.The MS conditions were as follow:the ionization mode was EI,the electron voltage was 70 V,the ion source temperature was 250 ℃,the scanning method was MRM,the quantitative ion pairs for MTS,ETS and IPTS were m/z 91 →65,m/z 155→91 and m/z 91→65.Results:The linearity ranges of MTS,ETS and IPTS were 48.779-975.59 ng·mL-1(r=0.998 5),54.586-1 091.7 ng·mL-1(r=0.998 4)and 46.241-924.82 ng·mL-1(r=0.999 8).The average recoveries were 99.47％,99.15％,98.83％(n=9).The MTS,ETS and IPTS were not detected in the 7 batches of tosufloxacin tosylate hydrate.Conclusion:The established method can be used for the determination of MTS,ETS,and IPTS content in tosufloxacin tosylate hydrate.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of serum cholinesterase(CHE)and soluble growth stimula-tion gene 2 protein(sST2)for short-term death in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure.Methods:A total of 100 patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure admitted in Nanjing Benq Hospital between March 2021 and March 2023 were screened.After 6-month follow-up,patients were grouped according to pres-ence of death.Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the factors associated with death during 6-month follow-up in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure.The predictive value of CHE,sST2 and their combined detection for short-term death in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare short-term sur-vival rate between myocardial infarction and heart failure patients with different CHE and sST2 levels.Results:During 6-month follow-up,46 cases died.Compared to those in survival group,patients in death group had sig-nificant higher heart rate(HR)[(82.20±8.09)beats/min vs.(71.54±6.97)beats/min],mean arterial pressure(MAP)[(126.58±5.38)mmHg vs.(104.79±4.94)mmHg]and sST2[(76.48±4.82)ng/ml vs.(40.62±4.96)ng/ml],and significant lower CHE[(3.47±0.26)IU/L vs.(5.07±0.80)IU/L](P＜0.001 all).Multivariate Cox regression showed that HR(HR 1.046,95％CI 1.002～1.092,P=0.040),MAP(HR 1.988,95％CI 1.298～2.455,P＜0.001),and sST2(HR 1.068,95％CI 1.014～1.125,P=0.013)were independent risk factors for short-term death in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure,while CHE was its independent protec-tive factor(HR=0.252,95％CI 0.145～0.561,P=0.023).ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of CHE,sST2 and their combination for diagnosing short-term death in patients with myocardial in-farction and heart failure was 0.609(95％0.504～0.707),0.630(95％0.525～0.726)and 0.939(95％0.871～0.977)respectively,and the diagnostic efficacy of combined detection was significantly higher than CHE and sST2 alone(Z=5.814,5.524,P＜0.001 all).Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate of patients with low CHE level was significantly lower than that of patients with high CHE level,and the survival rate of pa-tients with high sST2 level was significantly lower than that of patients with low sST2 level(Log-rank x2=2.415,2.354,P＜0.001 all).Conclusion:CHE and sST2 were independent influencing factors for death during 6-month follow-up in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure;their combined detection had good predictive value for short-term death in these patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between pathological features at the positive margins and biochemical re-currence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.Methods:From June 2014 to December 2019,a total of 200 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in this study by the method of case matching(1:1).One hundred patients with positive surgical margin and 100 with negative surgical margin were enrolled in this study.All patients did not receive any adjuvant treatment after surgery with a clinical stage of T2/N0.BCR-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.An optimal cutoff for the PSM length which differentiated risk for BCR was identified by Classification and Regression Tree analysis(CART).Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between variables and BCR-free surviv-al.Results:A total of 200 patients were included in this study,and 177 patients with pT2 stage were pathological after operation.The median follow-up time of this group of patients was 32.8 months ranged from 5.6 to 80.5 months.A total of 28 cases of biochemi-cal recurrence were found through PSA follow-up after surgery,including 6 cases(6.0％)in the negative margin group and 22 cases(22.0％)in the positive margin group.The result of Kaplan Meier survival curve analysis showed that the non biochemical recurrence survival time of the negative margin group was longer than that of the positive margin group(log rank x2=9.336,P=0.003).It was found that the length of positive margin≥1 mm in the positive margin group was positively correlated with postoperative biochemical re-currence.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify that the highest Gleason score ≥8 and the length of pos-itive ≥ 1 mm were independent factors of postoperative biochemical recurrence in both the overall patients and the patients with positive margin.Conclusion:The patients with highest Gleason score ≥8 and the length of positive ≥1mm are at elevated risk for BCR.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that for postmenopausal osteoporosis patients,the Bushen Jianpi Formula can help regulate serum osteoclast-and osteoblast-related factors and intestinal flora levels,improve clinical symptoms of patients and further improve efficacy.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Bushen Jianpi Formula on bone metabolism and bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats.METHODS:Twenty-four female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups by random number table method:sham operation group(n=6)was subjected to periovarian fat removal,and bilateral ovariectomy was performed in model group(n=6),alendronate group(n=6),and Bushen Jianpi Formula group(n=6).Five days after modeling,the Bushen Jianpi Formula group was given Bushen Jianpi Formula by intragastric administration(once a day).The alendronate sodium group was given alendronate by intragastric administration(once a week).The sham operation group and model group were given an equal volume of normal saline by intragastric administration(once a day)for 12 consecutive weeks.After intragastric administration,serum levels of procollagen Ⅰ N-terminal peptide,β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen degradation product,and tumor necrosis factor α were detected.The distal femur microstructure was detected by Micro-CT.The femoral tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The expression of type Ⅰ collagen and tumor necrosis factorα in the femur was detected by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The serum ELISA test showed that compared with the sham operation group,the level of procollagen Ⅰ N-terminal peptide in the model group decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of degradation products of β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen and tumor necrosis factor α increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of the procollagen Ⅰ N-terminal peptide in the Bushen Jianpi Formula group and the alendronate sodium group increased(P＜0.05),and the levels of β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen degradation products and tumor necrosis factor α decreased(P＜0.05).(2)Micro-CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that compared with the sham operation group,the number of bone trabeculae in the model group was significantly reduced,the continuity was worsened,and the gaps were increased.Both alendronate sodium and Bushen Jianpi Formula had a positive improvement effect on this phenomenon.(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the sham operation group,the number of bone trabeculae in the model group was reduced and the shape became thinner,and the network structure was destroyed.Compared with the model group,the number of bone trabeculae in the Bushen Jianpi Formula group and the alendronate sodium group increased,the shape became thicker,and the reticular structure was restored.(4)Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression of type Ⅰ collagen was reduced and tumor necrosis factor α expression was increased in the model group.Compared with the model group,the expression of type Ⅰ collagen increased and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α decreased in the Bushen Jianpi Formula group and the alendronate sodium group.The results show that the Bushen Jianpi Formula can effectively improve bone metabolism and bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats.