Tumor drug resistance is an important problem in the failure of chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy, which is a complex process involving chromatin remodeling. SWI/SNF is one of the most studied ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in tumorigenesis, which plays an important role in the coordination of chromatin structural stability, gene expression, and post-translation modification. However, its mechanism in tumor drug resistance has not been systematically combed. SWI/SNF can be divided into 3 types according to its subunit composition: BAF, PBAF, and ncBAF. These 3 subtypes all contain two mutually exclusive ATPase catalytic subunits (SMARCA2 or SMARCA4), core subunits (SMARCC1 and SMARCD1), and regulatory subunits (ARID1A, PBRM1, and ACTB, etc.), which can control gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. The change of SWI/SNF complex subunits is one of the important factors of tumor drug resistance and progress. SMARCA4 and ARID1A are the most widely studied subunits in tumor drug resistance. Low expression of SMARCA4 can lead to the deletion of the transcription inhibitor of the BCL2L1 gene in mantle cell lymphoma, which will result in transcription up-regulation and significant resistance to the combination therapy of ibrutinib and venetoclax. Low expression of SMARCA4 and high expression of SMARCA2 can activate the FGFR1-pERK1/2 signaling pathway in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cells, which induces the overexpression of anti-apoptosis gene BCL2 and results in carboplatin resistance. SMARCA4 deletion can up-regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating YAP1 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer. It can also reduce the expression of Ca²⁺ channel IP3R3 in ovarian and lung cancer, resulting in the transfer of Ca²⁺ needed to induce apoptosis from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria damage. Thus, these two tumors are resistant to cisplatin. It has been found that verteporfin can overcome the drug resistance induced by SMARCA4 deletion. However, this inhibitor has not been applied in clinical practice. Therefore, it is a promising research direction to develop SWI/SNF ATPase targeted drugs with high oral bioavailability to treat patients with tumor resistance induced by low expression or deletion of SMARCA4. ARID1A deletion can activate the expression of ANXA1 protein in HER2+ breast cancer cells or down-regulate the expression of progesterone receptor B protein in endometrial cancer cells. The drug resistance of these two tumor cells to trastuzumab or progesterone is induced by activating AKT pathway. ARID1A deletion in ovarian cancer can increase the expression of MRP2 protein and make it resistant to carboplatin and paclitaxel. ARID1A deletion also can up-regulate the phosphorylation levels of EGFR, ErbB2, and RAF1 oncogene proteins.The ErbB and VEGF pathway are activated and EMT is increased. As a result, lung adenocarcinoma is resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Although great progress has been made in the research on the mechanism of SWI/SNF complex inducing tumor drug resistance, most of the research is still at the protein level. It is necessary to comprehensively and deeply explore the detailed mechanism of drug resistance from gene, transcription, protein, and metabolite levels by using multi-omics techniques, which can provide sufficient theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of poor tumor prognosis caused by mutation or abnormal expression of SWI/SNF subunits in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between social jetlag and psychological behavior in upper primary school students,so as to provide reference for sleep health promotion in primary school students. Methods: From April to June 2024, a survey was conducted among 4 341 fourth and fifth grade students from 9 public primary schools in a district in Beijing. Sleep patterns were assessed using a self designed questionnaire, while psychological behavior was evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)(parent version). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the association between different levels of social jetlag and psychological behavior problem scores in primary school students. Results: The proportions of students with social jetlag of <1.0, 1.0-<2.0, and ≥2.0 h were 57.6%, 30.6%, and 11.8%, respectively. The GEE model analysis found that after adjusting for covariates, compared with primary school students with social jetlag of <1.0 h, those with 1.0 -<2.0 and ≥2.0 h had higher scores for internalizing behavior problems [ β (95% CI ) =0.23(0.05-0.41)，0.28(0.02-0.54), P < 0.01]. Primary school students with ≥2.0 h of social jetlag had higher scores for externalizing behavior problems [ β (95% CI )=0.42 (0.13-0.71)， P <0.01]. Among boys and primary school students with an average nighttime sleep duration of ≥9 h, comparied with social jetlag of <1.0 h,those with sucial jetlag 1.0-<2.0 h had higher scores on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems[ β (95% CI )=0.32(0.07-0.56),0.51 (0.11-0.90), 0.26 (0.06-0.46)，0.58 (0.25-0.91), P <0.05]. Conclusions Greater social jetlag may be a risk factor for internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in upper primary school students. Reducing social jetlag may help decrease the occurrence of psychological behavior problems in primary school students.

Objective: To explore the association of screening myopia and sitting posture habits as well as screen viewing distance among primary school students, providing a scientific basis for myopia prevention and intervention among primary school students. Methods: From April to June 2024, a convenient sampling method was used to enroll 1 394 fourth grade students from four primary schools in a district of Beijing for vision examinations and questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship of screening myopia detection and sitting posture habits as well as viewing distance. Results: The screening myopia prevalence among primary school students was 63.8%. About 13.1% of students self reported poor sitting posture, and 47.1% selfreported a viewing distance of ≤20 cm. After adjusting for covariates including age, gender, school, sleep quality, parental myopia status, physical fitness level, daily high intensity physical activity, weekend outdoor activity time and types of after school services, Logistic regression analysis showed that students with poor sitting posture were more likely to have screening myopia than those with normal sitting posture ( OR =1.73,95% CI =1.03-2.92); students with a viewing distance of ≤20 cm were more likely to have screening myopia than those with a viewing distance of >20 cm( OR =1.32, 95% CI =1.02-1.71)( P <0.05). The association between sitting posture and screening myopia was more significant among boys( OR =2.00, 95% CI =1.03-3.88, P < 0.05 ). A multiplicative interaction was observed between sitting posture and viewing distance. Compared to primary school students with normal posture and a viewing distance of >20 cm, those with poor posture and a viewing distance of >20 cm were more likely to have screening myopia ( OR =1.82, 95% CI =1.12-2.96， P <0.05). Conclusions Both sitting posture habits and screen viewing distance are related to screening myopia in primary school students. Poor sitting posture poses a higher risk than screen distance, and the two factors exhibit an interactive effect on myopia risk.

Mitochondria, functioning not only as the central hub of cellular energy metabolism but also as semi-autonomous organelles, orchestrate cellular fate decisions through their endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes core components of the electron transport chain. Emerging research has identified microRNAs localized within mitochondria, termed mitochondria-located microRNAs (mitomiRs). Recent studies have revealed that mitomiRs are transcribed from nuclear DNA (nDNA), processed and matured in the cytoplasm, and subsequently transported into mitochondria. mitomiRs regulate mtDNA through diverse mechanisms, including modulation of mtDNA expression at the translational level and direct binding to mtDNA to influence transcription. Aberrant expression of mitomiRs leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Restoring mitomiR expression to physiological levels using mitomiRs mimics or inhibitors has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and alleviate related diseases. Consequently, the regulatory mechanisms of mitomiRs have become a major focus in mitochondrial research. Given that mitomiRs are located in mitochondria, targeted delivery strategies designed for mtDNA can be adapted for the delivery of mitomiRs mimics or inhibitors. However, numerous intracellular and extracellular barriers remain, highlighting the need for more precise and efficient delivery systems in the future. The regulation of mtDNA expression mediated by mitomiRs not only expands our understanding of miRNA functions in post-transcriptional gene regulation but also provides promising molecular targets for the treatment of mitochondrial-related diseases. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on mitomiRs in regulating mtDNA expression and discusses the underlying mechanisms of mitomiRs-mtDNA interactions. Additionally, it provides new perspectives on precision therapeutic strategies, with a particular emphasis on mitomiRs-based regulation of mitochondrial function in mitochondrial-related diseases.

OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the changes of volatile components in Euphorbia wallichii after milk and wine processing， and preliminarily elucidate the material basis for reducing toxicity. METHODS Using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology， the volatile components in raw E. wallichii， milk-processed E. wallichii， and wine- processed E. wallichii were isolated and identified， and the relative percentage content of each component was calculated by the peak area normalization method. Combining chemometric methods such as principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least- squares discriminant analysis， changes in volatile components in samples after milk and wine processing were compared. Differential components were screened. RESULTS A total of 66 volatile components were identified from the three samples， with the types of compounds primarily comprising alkanes， olefins， heterocycles and esters， among others. A total of 39， 24 and 36 volatile components were identified from raw E. wallichii， milk-processed E. wallichii， and wine-processed E. wallichii， respectively， with 10 components common to all three preparations. Compared with raw E. wallichii， the relative percentage of other components in milk-processed E. wallichii decreased， except for alkanes and esters. The relative percentage of alkanes， olefins， aldehydes and esters in wine-processed E. wallichii increased， but the contents of heterocyclic compounds， ketones， ethers and alcohols decreased. The results of chemometric analysis showed that the volatile components of raw and processed products were significantly different. A total of 5 kinds of differential components in milk-processed products and 3 kinds of differential components in wine-processed products were screened out. Among them， the relative percentage of potential toxic components such as linalool， octanal and 3-pentanone decreased significantly after processing（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Milk and wine processing may exert a toxicity-reducing effect by reducing the contents of toxic components such as linalool， octanal and 3-pentanonein E. wallichii.

Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis, such as modifications in composition and activity, might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways, thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases. The development and progression of lung cancer, as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites, which influence immunological and inflammatory responses. During abnormal proliferation, non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways. Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP, carbon, and nitrogen sources, respectively, providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and immune escape. This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer, and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence, development, and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer, in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy ; Metabolic Reprogramming

Sanqi is first recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica(Ben Cao Gang Mu) in the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Sanqi, as a precious Dao-di herb, was successively spread and introduced for cultivation. This study verified the germplasm resources, production areas, and spread of Sanqi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties by systematically reviewing the historical materials, such as materia medica works and local chronicles, and the modern distribution of production areas. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the original plants of Sanqi included Panax notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. bipinnatifidus, P. zingiberensis, P. stipuleanatus, and Gynura japonica. Among them, the production area of P. notoginseng has changed. From 1578 to 1593, the main production areas of P. notoginseng were Nandan county, Hechi city in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Guangnan county and Funing county, Wenshan prefecture in Yunnan province. From 1683 to 1755, the production areas of P. notoginseng additionally included Yizhou district, Tian'e county, and Huanjiang county in Hechi city, and Tianyang district and Tiandong county in Baise city, Xincheng county and Gongcheng county in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. From 1765 to 1892, the production areas additionally included Youjiang district, Debao county, Napo county, and Jingxi city in Baise city, and Tiandeng county in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, and Wenshan city, Malipo county, Yanshan county, Xichou county, and Maguan county in Wenshan prefecture, and Baoshan city, Dali prefecture, Lincang city, Honghe prefecture, Mangshi city, and Lushui city in Yunnan province. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Sanqi was introduced to Zhejiang province. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was introduced to Fujian province. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, it was introduced to Hunan province. By comprehensively reviewing the materia medica works, local chronicles, and novel historical materials, this study restores the development history of the Sanqi industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Historical data show that the introduction of Dao-di herbs should consider the biological characteristics of medicinal plants and avoid blind introduction.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; History, 17th Century ; History, 16th Century ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, 18th Century

Bajitian is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material with a long history of medicinal use, and there is controversy over the authentication of its origins. This article combined historical herbal works with local chronicle records to authenticate the origins of Bajitian used in different regions, analyzed the local chronicle records, and illustrated the evolution of the origins of Bajitian in different regions. The results indicate that Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica first included Guizhou Bajitian and Chuzhou Bajitian. By integrating images and texts and local medicinal practices of Bajitian in the Guizhou and Chouzhou regions in ancient and modern times, it was inferred that the original plant of Guizhou Bajitian was likely to be Damnacanthus officinarum or D. giganteus, while the origin of Chuzhou Bajitian remained unclear. The medicinal history of Sichuan Bajitian was first recorded in the Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Based on the inference from herbal documents and local chronicle records, it was inferred that the original plant of Sichuan Bajitian may be Schisandra propinqua subsp. sinensis and so on. Guangdong Bajitian is an emerging variety in modern times, and it could date back to the Xingning County Annals in the 20th year during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty(1681). The original plant of Guangdong Bajitian is Morinda officinalis, and Guangdong province became the true producing area of Bajitian in the late Qing Dynasty. This article clarified the origins of Bajitian in different regions by sorting out historical herbal documents and local chronicle records, providing a basis for the authentication of Bajitian in the field of herbology.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; History, Medieval ; History, 20th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 16th Century

This study systematically analyzed the global research landscape, technological composition, and core patents in the field of networks target and network pharmacology, and proposes further suggestions based on the IncoPat patent citation database and VOSviewer bibliometric network visualization tool. Using patent literature metrics and scientific knowledge mapping method, technological innovation pathways, research hotspots, and future directions in this field were further revealed. In particular, this field is moving towards data-driven, intelligent, and systematic approaches. Patent analysis indicated that most patent applications in this domain focused on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which have provided key engineering technical approaches to explore and solve complex problems of TCM. By integrating big data and artificial intelligence technologies, network targets and network pharmacology have conferred high-precision screening and quality control of key components and targets in herbal formulations and prescriptions, accelerating the clinical translation and industrialization of TCM-based new drugs and health products with medicine-food homology. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the patent protection system and establish integrated technology platforms in this field for ensuring the competitiveness of technological achievements in research and clinical application. These efforts will advance the widespread application and high-quality development of TCM modernization, precision medicine, and innovative drug discovery.
Bibliometrics ; Patents as Topic ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Network Pharmacology/trends* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*