BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in treatment of diseases,such as femoral head necrosis,and the therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the quality of the cells.The empowerment of cells has become a research focus.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hypoxia mimetic dimethylglyoxal glycine pretreatment on mitophagy and differentiation capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the bone marrow of patients' iliac crest and cultured in vitro to the third passage.The cells were treated with dimethylglyoxal glycine at 0,10,50,and 100 μmol/Lfor 24 hours,followed by the replacement with an osteogenic induction differentiation medium,which constituted the pretreatment group.The continuous treatment group was cultured directly in osteogenic induction medium containing 0,10,50,and 100 μmol/L dimethylglyoxal glycine after cell adhesion.After 7 days of induction,alkaline phosphatase staining was performed to select the most favorable conditions for osteogenic differentiation for subsequent experiments,with normally cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells serving as the control group.Alkaline phosphatase staining,alkaline phosphatase activity,oil red O staining,and related RT-qPCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation differences of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells between the two groups.MitoSox staining was used to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels.Mito-tracker and Lyso-tracker staining were used to detect the co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes.The fluorescent probe JC-1 was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Alkaline phosphatase staining indicated that the most beneficial treatment for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis was pretreatment with 10 μmol/L dimethylglyoxal glycine for 24 hours.Compared with the control group,the experimental group showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining expression,increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression,reduced lipid droplet formation and adipogenic gene expression as indicated by oil red O staining,decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production,increased co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes,and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential.The results suggest that 10 μmol/L dimethylglyoxal glycine pretreatment can promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,inhibit adipogenic differentiation,and enhance mitophagy.

BACKGROUND:Luteolin has a variety of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,etc.,which can inhibit the release of cellular inflammatory factors,promote cell proliferation,and improve the cellular microenvironment.OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential roles and mechanisms of luteolin in promoting diabetic chronic wound healing using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.METHODS:Potential targets of luteolin were screened using multiple databases,systemic pharmacology of Chinese medicines database,PubChem and UniProt databases.Genes related to wound healing were identified through the GeneCards database.A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to screen core targets,and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to explore the biological pathways that luteolin may affect.In vivo experiments in mice were conducted to observe the effects of luteolin on wound healing.Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups.A 1 cm diameter full skin defect wound was made on the back of the control group(n=6),and a 1 cm diameter full skin defect wound was made on the back of the model group(n=6)and the treatment group(n=6)after the establishment of the diabetes model.The treatment group was given 200 mg/kg luteolin by gavage once a day for 9 consecutive days after the operation,and the wound healing was observed.At the end of drug administration,the samples were taken for hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining.qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α,and western blot was used to detect the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Network pharmacological analysis identified 56 potential target genes associated with luteolin for the treatment of chronic wounds,of which the AKT gene was most closely linked to other target genes.Gene Ontology analysis indicated that luteolin could have antioxidant and anti-stress effects and have the potential to act as a multi-targeted drug.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that the target genes of luteolin were mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.(2)On the 9th day of drug administration,the remaining wound area of mice in the control and treatment groups was smaller than that of the model group(P＜0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining results showed that compared with the model group,the number of trabecular granulation tissues and collagen deposition were increased in the treatment group,and the degree of epithelialization was higher and close to that of the control group.The mRNA expression of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α on the wound surface was lower in the treatment group than the model group(P＜0.05),while the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT was higher in the treatment group than the model group(P＜0.05).To conclude,luteolin inhibits wound inflammatory response and promotes healing of diabetic wounds by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:Elevated blood pressure increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Isometric exercise training has been shown to significantly reduce resting blood pressure,but the factors influencing its effectiveness remain unclear,and specific application guidelines are yet to be established.This study aims to evaluate the impact of isometric exercise training on resting blood pressure through meta-analysis,explore its moderating factors,and provide evidence-based recommendations based on its dose-response relationship.METHODS:Following the PRISMA guidelines,a systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Scopus,and Web of Science databases using keywords"Isometric exercise training,""Systolic blood pressure,"and"Diastolic blood pressure,"covering literature up to September 2024.Randomized controlled trials involving isometric exercise training and resting blood pressure were included.Three independent researchers performed literature screening and data extraction,assessing bias risk and quality grades using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and GRADE framework.Main effect pooling,publication bias assessment,subgroup,and regression analysis were conducted using R software(version 4.3.4).RESULTS:A total of 28 articles(comprising 32 randomized controlled trials)involving 977 participants were included.(1)Meta-analysis results indicated that isometric exercise training significantly reduced resting systolic blood pressure(MD=-8.01,95％CI=-9.22 to-6.80,P＜0.01,I2=18.20％,low evidence grade)and diastolic blood pressure(MD=-3.46,95％CI=-4.64 to-2.28,P＜0.01,I2=0％,moderate evidence grade)compared to no exercise.(2)Subgroup analysis results revealed significant influences of gender,health status,exercise modality,frequency,intensity,duration,sets per session,rest duration,and baseline blood pressure on the main effects for both systolic(P＜0.01)and diastolic blood pressure(P＜0.05).(3)Regression analysis results did not show any significant influencing factors,but body mass index(β=-4.11,P=0.091)showed a significant negative trend on the main effect for systolic blood pressure.(4)No significant publication bias was observed in the meta-analysis results(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:(1)Isometric exercise training significantly lowers systolic(low evidence grade)and diastolic(moderate evidence grade)blood pressure with clinically meaningful thresholds.(2)Participant characteristics(gender,health status,baseline blood pressure,and body mass index)and isometric exercise training protocols(modality,frequency,intensity,duration,cycle,sets per session,and rest duration)influence its antihypertensive effects.(3)The article recommends the optimal blood pressure management prescription:three sessions per week,with four sets per session,each set lasting 2 minutes with a 2-minute rest,at an intensity of 95％HRpeak using isometric wall squat exercises;the intervention period can be adjusted around a 6-week node.Future high-quality research is urgently needed to further validate and support these conclusions.

BACKGROUND:H-type vessels(CD31hiEmcnhi)possess unique functionalities that offer new perspectives and entry points for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of vascular-mediated bone metabolism regulation.This has triggered a significant paradigm shift in bone science research from a"bone-centric"approach to an"integrative bone-vascular"framework.OBJECTIVE:To perform a visual analysis based on literature data in the field of H-type vessels,aiming to identify research hotspots and emerging trends.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in the CNKI and Web of Science databases for English and Chinese publications related to H-type vessels,covering the period from 2014 to 2024.The CiteSpace 6.2.R4 information visualization software was utilized to analyze and visualize data on publication countries,authors,institutions,keywords,and timeline views.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 59 Chinese and 185 English publications were included in the analysis.Since the introduction of the H-type vessel concept in 2014,the number of related research publications has been steadily increasing,accompanied by a significant growth in academic output.China leads the research in this domain,with major institutions including Southern Medical University,Sichuan University,and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Keyword analysis indicated that current research hotspots primarily focus on the generation and regulatory mechanisms of H-type vessels,their roles in bone formation and remodeling,and their associations with bone metabolic diseases.Additionally,emerging keywords such as"induced membrane,""cartilage repair,"and"traditional Chinese medicine"suggest that research is progressively moving towards diversification and multidisciplinary integration.(2)H-type vessels play a crucial role in the development and progression of bone diseases,and relevant studies are pivotal for a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological processes of bone tissue.Future research should further elucidate the specific mechanisms of H-type vessels in various disease contexts and promote the clinical translation of basic research findings.These efforts will provide innovative ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease worldwide, is defined by articular cartilage degradation, abnormal bone remodeling, and persistent chronic inflammation. It severely compromises patients’ quality of life, and currently, there is no radical cure. Abnormal mechanical stress is widely regarded as a core driver of OA pathogenesis, and the exploration of mechanical signal perception and transduction mechanisms has become crucial for deciphering OA’s pathophysiological processes. Piezo1, a key mechanosensitive cation channel belonging to the Piezo protein family, has recently gained significant attention due to its pivotal role in mediating cellular responses to mechanical stimuli in joint tissues. This review systematically examines Piezo1’s expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and pathological functions in OA, with a particular focus on its dual roles in modulating chondrocyte homeostasis and bone metabolism disorders, while also delving into the underlying molecular signaling pathways and potential therapeutic implications. Piezo1, consisting of approximately 2 500 amino acids and forming a unique trimeric propeller-like structure, is widely expressed in chondrocytes, osteocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and synovial cells. It exhibits permeability to cations such as Ca²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺, and directly responds to membrane tension changes induced by mechanical stimuli like fluid shear stress and mechanical overload. In OA patients and animal models, Piezo1 expression is significantly upregulated, especially in cartilage regions subjected to abnormal mechanical stress (e.g., human temporomandibular joint cartilage). This overexpression is closely associated with aggravated cartilage degeneration, increased chondrocyte apoptosis, accelerated cellular senescence, and intensified inflammatory responses. Mechanical overload and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β) are key inducers of Piezo1 upregulation: IL-1β activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to enhance Piezo1 expression, forming a pathogenic positive feedback loop that inhibits chondrocyte autophagy, promotes apoptosis, and further accelerates joint degeneration. Mechanistically, Piezo1 mediates OA progression through multiple interconnected pathways. When activated by mechanical stress, Piezo1 triggers excessive Ca²⁺ influx, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial dysfunction, which directly induce chondrocyte apoptosis. This process involves the activation of downstream signaling cascades such as cGAS-STING and YAP-MMP13/ADAMTS5. YAP, a transcriptional regulator, upregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and aggrecanase (ADAMTS5), thereby accelerating cartilage matrix degradation. Additionally, Piezo1-driven Ca²⁺ overload promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulates senescence markers (p16 and p21), accelerating chondrocyte senescence via the p38MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Senescent chondrocytes secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β), further amplifying joint inflammation. In terms of bone metabolism, Piezo1 maintains joint homeostasis by promoting the differentiation of fibrocartilage stem cells into chondrocytes and balancing bone formation and resorption through regulating the FoxC1/YAP axis and RANKL/OPG ratio. Therapeutically, targeting Piezo1 shows promising potential. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that Piezo1 inhibitors (e.g., GsMTx4) can reduce joint damage and alleviate pain in OA mice. Simultaneously, siRNA-mediated co-silencing of Piezo1 and TRPV4 (another mechanosensitive channel) decreases intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis, and promotes cartilage repair. Conditional knockout of Piezo1 using Gdf5-Cre transgenic mice alleviates cartilage degeneration in post-traumatic OA models by downregulating MMP13 and ADAMTS5 expression. Despite existing challenges, such as off-target effects of inhibitors, inefficient local drug delivery, and interindividual genetic variability, strategies like developing selective Piezo1 antagonists, optimizing targeted nanocarriers, and combining Piezo1-targeted therapy with physical therapy provide viable avenues for clinical translation. The authors propose that Piezo1 serves as a critical therapeutic target for OA, and future research should focus on deciphering its context-dependent regulatory networks, developing tissue-specific intervention strategies, and validating their efficacy and safety in clinical trials to address the unmet medical needs of OA patients.

Objective: To compare the consistency between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) in measuring body composition among Tibetan children and adolescents and to explore the applicability of BIA in plateau region, so as to provide scientific and convenient body composition measurement support among children and adolescents. Methods: From May to June, 2022, a total of 344 Tibetan children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were selected from Golmud Municipal National Middle School and Changjiangyuan Nationality Primary School in Qinghai Province by cluster sampling method, and their fat mass, fat mass percentage and lean mass were measured by DXA and BIA. The consistency and correlation between the two methods were assessed by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: DXA measured fat mass and fat mass percentage were significantly higher than those obtained by BIA (6-12 years old: Z =9.91, 11.28; 13-17 years old: Z =9.02, 10.21), while lean mass and lean mass percentage were significantly lower than BIA results (6-12 years old: Z =-11.60, -11.30; 13-17 years old: Z =-10.77, -10.36) (all P < 0.05 ). The two methods showed strong correlations in fat mass and lean mass (all r >0.80, all ICC >0.90), but exhibited poor agreement in fat mass percentage and lean mass percentage (6-12 years old: Lin s CCC =0.64, 0.41; 13-17 years old: Lin s CCC = 0.79 , 0.35). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference between the two methods was negatively correlated with the average value in FM%(6-12 years old: r =-0.75, 13-17 years old: r =-0.79, both P <0.01). Conclusion BIA and DXA show high consistency in measuring body fat mass and lean body mass in Tibetan children and adolescents, although some bias is still present in certain individuals.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of influenza like illness (ILI) among student populations, so as to provide data support for policy formulation and optimal allocation of health resources. Methods: From January 2024 to February 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of kindergarten, primary school, junior and senior high school students in 9 districts of Shenzhen, including Longhua, Futian, Bao an, Longgang, Luohu, Nanshan, Guangming, Pingshan and Yantian. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaire based on whether their children had fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, rash and other common symptoms in 2024. A total of 3 537 parents were investigated, and 444 ILI cases were included as study subjects. The epidemiological burden, including incidence rate of influenza, visitation rate, years lived with disability (YLDs) and economic burden (including direct economic burden, indirect economic burden and intangible burden) were analyzed. Results: The incidence rate of influenza among students in Shenzhen in 2024 was 12.55%. The ILI incidence rates in kindergarten, primary school, junior and senior high school were 14.01%, 11.69% and 5.23%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2= 45.20, P <0.01). The ILI consultation rate among students was 85.36%, and the consultation rates in kindergarten (87.36%) and primary school students (84.62%) were higher than those in junior and senior high school students ( 56.52 %) ( χ 2=16.47, P <0.01). A total of 78.88% of cases did not receive etiological detection.The median total economic burden per ILI case was 2 354.62 yuan, including direct medical costs of 300.00 yuan, direct non medical costs of 212.50 yuan, indirect costs of 1 000.00 yuan, and intangible burden of 500.00 yuan. Conclusions Schools are high risk environment for influenza, and younger students are a high risk group for ILI. The disease burden caused by student ILI remains substantial.

BACKGROUND:H-type vessels(CD31hiEmcnhi)possess unique functionalities that offer new perspectives and entry points for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of vascular-mediated bone metabolism regulation.This has triggered a significant paradigm shift in bone science research from a"bone-centric"approach to an"integrative bone-vascular"framework.OBJECTIVE:To perform a visual analysis based on literature data in the field of H-type vessels,aiming to identify research hotspots and emerging trends.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in the CNKI and Web of Science databases for English and Chinese publications related to H-type vessels,covering the period from 2014 to 2024.The CiteSpace 6.2.R4 information visualization software was utilized to analyze and visualize data on publication countries,authors,institutions,keywords,and timeline views.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 59 Chinese and 185 English publications were included in the analysis.Since the introduction of the H-type vessel concept in 2014,the number of related research publications has been steadily increasing,accompanied by a significant growth in academic output.China leads the research in this domain,with major institutions including Southern Medical University,Sichuan University,and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Keyword analysis indicated that current research hotspots primarily focus on the generation and regulatory mechanisms of H-type vessels,their roles in bone formation and remodeling,and their associations with bone metabolic diseases.Additionally,emerging keywords such as"induced membrane,""cartilage repair,"and"traditional Chinese medicine"suggest that research is progressively moving towards diversification and multidisciplinary integration.(2)H-type vessels play a crucial role in the development and progression of bone diseases,and relevant studies are pivotal for a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological processes of bone tissue.Future research should further elucidate the specific mechanisms of H-type vessels in various disease contexts and promote the clinical translation of basic research findings.These efforts will provide innovative ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases.

Based on spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness as the core pathogenesis of obesity， and integrating recent advances in modern medicine regarding the key role of immune inflammation in obesity， this paper proposes a multidimensional pathogenic network of "obesity-spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness-immune imbalance". Various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） herbs that strengthen the spleen， regulate qi， and resolve phlegm and dampness can treat obesity by improving spleen-stomach transport and transformation， promoting water-damp metabolism， and regulating immune homeostasis. This highlights immune inflammation as an important entry point to elucidate the TCM concepts of "spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness" and the therapeutic principle of "strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness to treat obesity". By systematically analyzing the intrinsic connection between "spleen deficiency generating dampness， internal accumulation of phlegm dampness" and immune dysregulation in obesity， this paper aims to provide theoretical support for TCM treatment of obesity based on dampness.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a complex clinical syndrome caused by ventricular dysfunction， with mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder being a critical factor in disease progression. Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome， as the core pathogenesis of CHF， persists throughout the disease course. Insufficiency of heart-Yang leads to weakened warming and propelling functions， resulting in the accumulation of phlegm-fluid， blood stasis， and dampness. This eventually causes Qi stagnation with phlegm obstruction and blood stasis with water retention， forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression. According to the theory of reinforcing Yang， the clinical experience of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） master Tang Zuxuan in treating CHF with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome， and achievements from molecular biological studies， this study innovatively proposes an integrated research framework of "TCM syndrome differentiation and staging-mitochondrial metabolism mechanisms-intervention with Yang-reinforcing prescriptions" which is characterized by the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome is classified into mild （Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ）， severe （Stage Ⅲ）， and critical （Stage Ⅳ） stages. The study elucidates the precise correlations between the pathogenesis of each stage and mitochondrial metabolism disorders from theoretical， pathophysiological， and therapeutic perspectives. The mild stage is characterized by impaired biogenesis and substrate-utilization imbalance， corresponding to heart-Yang deficiency and phlegm-fluid aggregation. Linggui Zhugantang and similar prescriptions can significantly improve the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1α（PGC-1α）/silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 （SIRT1） and ATPase activity. The severe stage centers on oxidative stress and structural damage， reflecting Yang deficiency with water overflow and phlegm-blood stasis intermingling. At this stage， Zhenwu Tang and Qiangxin Tang can effectively mitigate oxidative stress damage， increase adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content， and repair mitochondrial structure. The critical stage arises from calcium overload and mitochondrial disintegration， leading to the collapse of Yin-Yang equilibrium. At this stage， Yang-restoring and crisis-resolving prescriptions such as Fuling Sini Tang and Qili Qiangxin capsules can inhibit abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （MPTP）， reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate， and protect mitochondrial function. By summarizing the characteristics of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders at different stages of CHF， this study explores the application of the theory of reinforcing Yang in treating heart-Yang deficiency syndrome and provides new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF.