Medical experts across different dynasties have interpreted the phrase"heavy abdomen as if carrying a load of five thousand coins,"found in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber,in various ways.The primary viewpoint is that the phrase uses exaggerated rhetoric to vividly describe the clinical characteristics of abdominal or low back heaviness in patients with kidney stagnation.However,why ZHANG Zhongjing used"money"as a metaphor,what specific type of coins"money"referred to,why the quantity"five thousand"was selected,and whether this description focused more on the weight or the shape,have not been further discussed by the academic community.This article systematically answers these questions based on the history of the development of ancient Chinese coins,the versions of the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,and its annotations.Using the metaphor of"five thousand coins"for feeling heavy in the abdomen originates from the ancient people′s general understanding of money.The money in"five thousand coins"specifically refers to the wu zhu qian of the Han Dynasty,and the amount of"five thousand coins"is the savings of common people′s families at that time,and has universal reference significance."Five thousand coins"emphasizes the weight of"five thousand coins"rather than its shape.This study provides a novel perspective and theoretical basis for understanding the original text of the Synopsis of Golden Chamber.

Medical experts across different dynasties have interpreted the phrase"heavy abdomen as if carrying a load of five thousand coins,"found in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber,in various ways.The primary viewpoint is that the phrase uses exaggerated rhetoric to vividly describe the clinical characteristics of abdominal or low back heaviness in patients with kidney stagnation.However,why ZHANG Zhongjing used"money"as a metaphor,what specific type of coins"money"referred to,why the quantity"five thousand"was selected,and whether this description focused more on the weight or the shape,have not been further discussed by the academic community.This article systematically answers these questions based on the history of the development of ancient Chinese coins,the versions of the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,and its annotations.Using the metaphor of"five thousand coins"for feeling heavy in the abdomen originates from the ancient people′s general understanding of money.The money in"five thousand coins"specifically refers to the wu zhu qian of the Han Dynasty,and the amount of"five thousand coins"is the savings of common people′s families at that time,and has universal reference significance."Five thousand coins"emphasizes the weight of"five thousand coins"rather than its shape.This study provides a novel perspective and theoretical basis for understanding the original text of the Synopsis of Golden Chamber.

With the development of information technology, the massive growth of pharmaceutical electronic data and the significant increase in the reports of drug adverse event reports have brought great challenges to pharmacovigilance research. Data mining techniques can automatically extract the risk signals of adverse drug reaction from real-world data. Therefore, efficient data mining of massive adverse event reporting is a necessary measure to realize the automatic detection of adverse drug reactions. By introducing the current major large-scale adverse drug event reporting databases and related data mining methods, this study reviews the application and limitations of adverse drug reaction data mining technology in pharmacovigilance, which provides reference for pharmacovigilance-related institutions and researchers.

The relationship between the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of female reproductive malignancies is complex and multifaceted. Large population cohort studies revealed a negative association between the duration of T2DM and the incidence of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Furthermore, the risk of breast and endometrial cancer is the highest within a short time after T2DM diagnosis and remains remarkably higher in patients with longer diabetes duration than in the nondiabetic population. This phenomenon suggests causal reverse bias and potential detection bias. Nevertheless, T2DM remains an important risk factor for breast and endometrial cancer. Research on the association between diabetes with cervical and ovarian cancer is limited, and results vary by region. Future epidemiological studies should focus on large prospective studies with long follow-up to further investigate this association. Research into the biological mechanisms linking diabetes and female reproductive cancers is also necessary to develop effective cancer prevention and early intervention strategies.

Objective:To establish the intravenous infusion port maintenance network based on National Telemedicine Center of China, so as to enable nurses in hospitals in cities and counties to master fully totally implantable access port maintenance technology, improve the quality of infusion port maintenance.Methods:From April 2019 to May 2020, with the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University as the center, 17 county hospitals of the National Telemedicine Center of China established the infusion port maintenance network. A total of 162 clinical nurses were recommended by the selected hospitals as intravenous infusion port liaisons to undertake the maintenance of the intravenous infusion port in the hospital. The incidence of complications at the infusion port of 572 patients before and 623 patients after the establishment of the maintenance network was analyzed statistically. The evaluation scores of 162 infusion port liaison personnel on the relevant theoretical knowledge and skills of infusion port were also analyzed statistically. The self-designed questionnaire on intravenous infusion port patient maintenance satisfaction was used to investigate the satisfaction of 100 patients before and after the establishment of the maintenance network.Results:After the establishment of the maintenance network, the complication rate of patients at the infusion port was lower than that before the establishment of the maintenance network, the satisfaction of patients with the maintenance service at the infusion port was higher than that before the establishment of the maintenance network and scores of theory and operation skills of liaison staff were higher than those before the establishment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The maintenance network of intravenous infusion ports based on National Telemedicine Center of China can improve the technical level of infusion port maintenance of nursing staff in city and county hospitals, reduce complications caused by improper maintenance and improve patients satisfaction.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulmonary infection in patients with multiple myeloma for improving early prevention,diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for 70 patients with multiple myeloma admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to April 2015.The clinical data of pulmonary infection were reviewed and analyzed in terms of radiological findings,pathogen distribution,and related risk factors.Results The peripheral white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage could be normal in pulmonary infection of patients with multiple myeloma.However,erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased significantly.Radiological study revealed that infection of bilateral lungs was common.The most frequently identified pathogens were gram negative bacteria,especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The main predisposing factors of pulmonary infection were agranulocytosis,stage Ⅲ multiple myeloma,and complications.Conclusions The clinical symptoms of pulmonary infection are diverse in patients with multiple myeloma.Poor immunity is the primary predisposing factor.The common pathogens are gram-negative bacteria.Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations or fluoroquinolones are effective empiric treatment for controlling the progression of pulmonary infection.

To explore the association between particulate matter (PM) and daily hospital visits of coronary heart diseases in Ningbo.Daily data of hospital visits from January 2014 to June 2015 (516 days in total) were obtained from the Yinzhou Health Information System in Ningbo. Daily air pollution data for PM and meteorological data were collected from the database of Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center and Ningbo Meteorological Bureau. Time-series analysis by quasi-Poisson generalized additive model was used to examine the association between air pollution and hospital visits for coronary heart diseases by adjustment of long-term trends, seasonal patterns and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity), and day of week.An increase of an IQR of PMaccounted for 1.98% (95%:-0.59%-4.63%) increase of hospital visits for coronary heart diseases. The associations between PMand hospital visits for coronary heart diseases among female and the elderly (≥75 years) were stronger (=2.70%,95%:0.01%-5.47%;=3.35%, 95%0.12%-6.69%). The effects of PMattenuated after adjustment for PMPMhad short-term effects on daily hospital visits for coronary heart diseases in Ningbo, and such association was stronger among female and the elderly.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals ; utilization ; Humans ; Humidity ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Temperature ; Time Factors

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the clinical value of improved body position in improving one-time success rate of PICC and reducing incidence rate of complications during PICC.Methods A total of 120 patients with lung cancer surgery were randomly divided into traditional body po-sition group and improved body position group.One-time success rate and incidence rate of com-plications during PICC were compared between two groups.Results There was significant differ-ence in one-time success rate of PICC between semi-reclining position group and supine group (P <0.05).Compared with the supine group,the time of PICC in the semi-reclining position group was significantly shorter (P <0.05),and the incidence rates of local edema and local inflam-mation around puncture point was significantly lower (P <0.05).Conclusion The modified semi-reclining position can effectively improve one-time success rate of PICC and reduce the inci-dence rates of misplaced PICC and complications.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the clinical value of improved body position in improving one-time success rate of PICC and reducing incidence rate of complications during PICC.Methods A total of 120 patients with lung cancer surgery were randomly divided into traditional body po-sition group and improved body position group.One-time success rate and incidence rate of com-plications during PICC were compared between two groups.Results There was significant differ-ence in one-time success rate of PICC between semi-reclining position group and supine group (P <0.05).Compared with the supine group,the time of PICC in the semi-reclining position group was significantly shorter (P <0.05),and the incidence rates of local edema and local inflam-mation around puncture point was significantly lower (P <0.05).Conclusion The modified semi-reclining position can effectively improve one-time success rate of PICC and reduce the inci-dence rates of misplaced PICC and complications.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the ultrasonography diagnosis in prenatal and the postnatal placental vascular casts of the twins reversed arterial perfusion(TRAP) sequence. Methods Six cases of TRAP sequence underwent the two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography, and performed placental vascular casts after termination of pregnance. Results According to the anatomical features and ultrasonography, there were 3 cases of acardius acephalus( IV) ,2 cases of acardius anceps( II ) , and 1 case of acardius acormus( I ). In all 6 cases,there were arterio-arterial and veno-venous anastomoses at the level of the chorionic plate between the normal co-twin and the acardiac twin,these anastmosis vessels were superficial and large calibre, and the distances of the placental insertions of the umbilical cords were different,4 cases <0. 5 cm, 2 cases were 4-5 cm. In 4 cases, the vessels entered and went out of the acardiac twin were just one large umbilical artery and one large umbilical vein. In 2 cases, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein had many vascular branches in the placenta. Out of 6 cases of the pump twin, 4 cases died,and 2 cases survived. Conclusions Ultrasonography was consistent with the placental vascular casts,the contrast observing gives us new information for the further research of the special type of the vascular anastmosis and prognosis of the TRAP sequence.