AIM: To analyze the composition of diseases and surgical methods for pediatric corneal diseases treated with surgery in a tertiary hospital of Northwest China.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients treated at the Corneal Disease Department of Xi'an No.1 Hospital and underwent related surgical treatments between January 1, 2018 and December 30, 2022 was conducted. The gender, age, disease classification, surgical method, and residence were analyzed.

RESULTS: This study included 139 children(139 eyes, aged ≤14 y)with corneal diseases, comprising 67 males(48.2%)and 72 females(51.8%). Acquired non-traumatic corneal diseases constituted the largest proportion(67 cases, 48.2%), primarily due to infectious corneal diseases(41 patients, 29.5%). Congenital corneal diseases accounted for 52 cases(37.4%). There were 20 cases with acquired-traumatic corneal dieases(14.4%), involving 11 male and 9 female patients. Geographically, 102(73.4%)patients resided in Shaanxi Province, 26(18.7%)in Gansu Province, 8(5.8%)in Qinghai Province, and 3(2.1%)in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. No patients were from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Regarding primary surgical intervention, 65 patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty(PKP), 34 underwent lamellar keratoplasty(LKP), 31 underwent amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT), and 9 underwent other surgical procedures. The corresponding proportions of these primary surgeries were 46.8%, 24.4%, 22.3%, and 6.5%. The overall corneal transplantation rate was 71.2%.

CONCLUSION: Infectious corneal diseases, corneal dermoids, and corneal trauma constitute the primary etiologies of pediatric corneal diseases treated with surgery in the hospital. Corneal transplantation surgery constitutes a cornerstone intervention for addressing these diseases and represents an effective therapeutic approach for pediatric corneal blindness.

Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear， but it is mainly autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance due to the abnormal activation of the immune system， while the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that abnormal amino acid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of AIH. This article reviews the research advances in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in AIH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for amino acid metabolism as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.

Objective: To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students. Methods: By a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ 2 test and Logistic regression model. Results: Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" ( OR=0.48, 95%CI =0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" ( OR=0.47, 95%CI =0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions ( P <0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms ( OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.15-2.02) scored lower ( P < 0.05 ). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified. Conclusions The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.

This case report presents a 16-year-old male patient with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2(DADA2). The patient had a history of Raynaud′s phenomenon with digital ulcers since childhood. As the disease progressed, the patient developed retinal vasculitis, intracranial hemorrhage, skin necrosis, severe malnutrition, refractory hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the ADA2 gene (paternal c.1072G > A pathogenic mutation + maternal c.1065C > A variant of unknown clinical significance). ADA2 enzyme activity was significantly reduced (0.1 U/L). A multidisciplinary treatment team developed an individualized plan to address key issues, including nutritional support, blood pressure control, rehabilitation, pain management, and balancing anticoagulation/bleeding risks. After systematic intervention, the patient′s condition showed partial improvement. This case reveals clinical challenges such as anticoagulation decisions and nutritional support of DADA2. It also emphasizes the importance of early molecular diagnosis, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor targeted therapy, and multidisciplinary collaboration in management, underlining the core value of precision medicine in rare disease management.

The clinical pharmacist was involved in the whole process of drug treatment and monitoring of a patient with ulcerative colitis(UC)and facial aseptic abscesses.After admission,clinical pharmacists and physicians jointly formulated an empirical anti-infection plan for meropenem and linezolid glucose injection.After the 5th day of medication,the patient continued to have high fever.After discussion with the physician and clinical pharmacist,it was considered that the patient's facial boil was caused by aseptic abscess syndrome,and UC with extraintestinal manifestations could not be ruled out.Hydrocortisone succinate sodium was added intravenously.After the 9th day of treatment,the patient's facial abscesses improved.Subsequently,the physician followed the clinical pharmacist's advice and used infliximab as the subsequent treatment plan.After the 11th day of treatment,the patient's symptoms improved significantly.During the 2-month follow-up,the facial abscesses completely disappeared,the stool was normal,and there were no special discomforts.The participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical practice improves patients' understanding of the disease and treatment compliance,providing patients with individualized medication support to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medication.

Objective To establish an expert consensus on home exercise for prevention and rehabilitation of breast cancer related lymphedema.Methods Evidence-based nursing method was used to systematically retrieve and evaluate relevant studies in databases and guideline networks,with a search period from the establishment of the databases to October 2023.Evidence was synthesized to form the expert consensus draft after literature screening,quality evaluation,evidence extraction and evidence integration.Then the final draft was formed through expert discussion meeting and 2 rounds of expert letter consultation.Results The consensus includes 5 dimensions with a total of 22 items,involving evaluation of home exercise,management of home exercise,principles of home exercise,program of home exercise and significance of home exercise.Conclusion This"consensus"was constructed in a scientific and rigorous way,and can provide guidance for promoting the home exercise for prevention and rehabilitation of breast cancer related lymphedema,and ensure the safe and effective implementation of home exercise rehabilitation.

The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes. This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer (sHABA) designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin. The sHABA features a pre-loaded, disposable reagent cassette with reagents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose. The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program, to enable automatic sequential addition. The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L. The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity (95.78%) and specificity (90.16%). This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device, allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside. In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment, the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the teaching model undertaking"learning,thinking,applying,integrating,and innovating"based on heritage and innovation in the teaching of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Methods:Undergraduate students of two classes majoring in Traditional Chinese Medicine(grade 2024)from a university of Chinese Medicine were selected as our research subjects.A total of 55 students from class 7 were enrolled in the control group,while 55 students from class 8 were enrolled in the experimental group.The control group received the traditional lecture-based teaching model,whereas the experimental group adopted a teaching model undertaking"learning,thinking,applying,integrating,and innovating"based on heritage and innovation.The formative evaluation and the final exam scores of two groups were compared,and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate teaching effectiveness.Results:The self-directed learning and final exam scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01).The teaching effects such as learning participation and mastery of theoretical knowledge of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Application of the model of"learning,thinking,applying,integrating,and innovating"based on inheritance and innovation in the teaching of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine can stimulate students'interest in learning,solve problems in teaching,improve teaching quality,and establish students'professional confidence in the application of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine courses.

Objective:To investigate the application value of PACS-based case-oriented learning combined with intra-group re-reading teaching method for training anesthesiology residents in point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography.Methods:Sixty anesthesiology physicians who underwent standardized residency training were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 trainees in each group. The experimental group received PACS-based case-oriented learning combined with intra-group re-reading teaching method, while the control group received the traditional teaching method. Teaching effectiveness and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. SPSS 23.0 was used for t test, Wilcoxon test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups of physicians regarding age, sex, and year of study. After training, the experimental group had significantly higher theoretical examination scores than the control group [(88.50±4.22) vs. (80.57±3.36), t=8.05, P<0.001]. Additionally, the experimental group performed better in practical skill examination compared to the control group [(85.10±3.32) vs. (73.80±3.70), t=12.46, P<0.001]. The questionnaire survey indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of learning initiative, clinical thinking ability, clinical application ability, and overall satisfaction, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:PACS-based case-oriented learning combined with intra-group re-reading teaching method assisted trainees in more effectively mastering point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography. This approach is worthy of promotion and application in the standardized training of anesthesia residents.

The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes.This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer(sHABA)designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin.The sHABA features a pre-loaded,disposable reagent cassette with re-agents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose.The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program,to enable automatic sequential addition.The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L.The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity(95.78％)and specificity(90.16％).This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device,allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside.In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment,the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.