Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear， but it is mainly autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance due to the abnormal activation of the immune system， while the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that abnormal amino acid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of AIH. This article reviews the research advances in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in AIH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for amino acid metabolism as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.

Objective: To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students. Methods: By a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ 2 test and Logistic regression model. Results: Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" ( OR=0.48, 95%CI =0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" ( OR=0.47, 95%CI =0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions ( P <0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms ( OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.15-2.02) scored lower ( P < 0.05 ). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified. Conclusions The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical value of anlotinib in third-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） through real-world data. METHODS Clinical data of patients with advanced NSCLC who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from February 2021 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected. They were divided into anlotinib group （27 cases， receiving anlotinib therapy） and immunotherapy group （22 cases， receiving immunotherapy agents alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs） according to treatment regimens. The progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） of patients were compared between the two groups， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions during the treatment period was recorded. Using a partitioned survival model， an economic evaluation of the two treatment regimens was conducted with a cost-utility analysis approach from the perspective of the healthcare system. RESULTS The median PFS and OS of patients in the anlotinib group were 5.93 months and 11.27 months， respectively； the median PFS and OS of patients in the immunotherapy group were 5.33 months and 9.77 months， respectively； the difference was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. There was no statistical difference in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions and grade 3-4 serious adverse drug reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. Compared with the immunotherapy group， the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the anlotinib group was 1 806 724.60 yuan/quality-adjusted life year （QALY）， which was significantly higher than three times China’s per capita gross domestic product in 2024 （287 247 yuan/QALY）. CONCLUSIONS For third-line treatment of advanced NSCLC patients， the efficacy of anlotinib is no worse than that of immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs， and the safety of the two groups is comparable. However， anlotinib is not cost-effective.

This case report presents a 16-year-old male patient with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2(DADA2). The patient had a history of Raynaud′s phenomenon with digital ulcers since childhood. As the disease progressed, the patient developed retinal vasculitis, intracranial hemorrhage, skin necrosis, severe malnutrition, refractory hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the ADA2 gene (paternal c.1072G > A pathogenic mutation + maternal c.1065C > A variant of unknown clinical significance). ADA2 enzyme activity was significantly reduced (0.1 U/L). A multidisciplinary treatment team developed an individualized plan to address key issues, including nutritional support, blood pressure control, rehabilitation, pain management, and balancing anticoagulation/bleeding risks. After systematic intervention, the patient′s condition showed partial improvement. This case reveals clinical challenges such as anticoagulation decisions and nutritional support of DADA2. It also emphasizes the importance of early molecular diagnosis, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor targeted therapy, and multidisciplinary collaboration in management, underlining the core value of precision medicine in rare disease management.

The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes. This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer (sHABA) designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin. The sHABA features a pre-loaded, disposable reagent cassette with reagents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose. The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program, to enable automatic sequential addition. The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L. The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity (95.78%) and specificity (90.16%). This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device, allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside. In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment, the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of bibliometric analysis of research papers on human metapneumovirus based on Web of Science database.Methods:The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes a serious disease burden worldwide. This article used bibliometric analysis method to search for papers using the keyword " metapneumovirus" , and searched for HMPV papers published from 2001 to 2023 in the Web of Science database. Statistical analysis of the distribution of papers on HMPV by year, country, journal, research institution, author, etc., in order to understand the current research status and development trends of HMPV in the international community.Results:A total of 3 282 papers were retrieved, of which 97% were in English. HMPV was first reported in 2001, and since then, research papers have been increasing year by year. The United States has the highest number of published papers, with China, the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands ranked 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th respectively. The field of virology-general had the highest number of papers. In terms of research institution distribution, Vanderbilt University in the United States has published 135 papers, ranked the first. The journal which had the highest number of published papers was JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, with a total of 143 papers. The author Williams JV of Vanderbilt University in the United States has published 92 papers, indicating its high international status in the field of HMPV research.Conclusions:Among the retrieved HMPV related papers, research institutions and universities in European and American countries have published more papers.

Positive pressure bio-protective equipment is a key protective equipment for high-level biosafety laboratories, which provides comprehensive protection for professionals working in pathogenic microorganisms or other biological contamination environments. This paper summarizes the development status of positive pressure bio-protective equipment at home and abroad, analyzes the existing problems of the current positive pressure bio-protective equipment, and puts forward suggestions, to provide reference for the development and application of positive pressure bio-protective equipment in our country.

Objective To investigate the evaluation of the nursing staff of the tertiary hospitals in Shenzhen City on the status quo of the nursing clinical support system,and to analyze its influencing factors so as to provide reference and basis for perfecting the nursing clinical support system.Methods The nursing staffs in 16 hospitals of 8 districts of Shenzhen City from December 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the survey subjects,and the general data questionnaire and the nursing clinical support system questionnaire were used for conducting the survey.Results A total of 572 questionnaires were collected,and 520 questionnaires were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 90.9％.The scores of each dimension in the nursing clinical sup-port system scale were(1.87±0.81)points for equipment and appliance support,(1.07±0.62)points for aux-iliary staff support,(1.91±0.80)points for the logistics departments support,(0.88±0.67)points for the auxiliary departments support.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the equipment and appliance support scores among the nurses with different ages,different professional ti-tles and different education levels(P＜0.01);the scores of 4 dimensions had statistical differences among the nursing staffs with different departments(P＜0.01).All factors had statistically significant differences in the dimension of auxiliary department support(P＜0.05).Conclusion The popularity degree of nursing clinical support system in tertiary hospitals in Shenzhen City is high,and equipment and appliance show the character-istics of advancement and diversity.The hospital managers should strengthen the force of nursing clinical sup-port system and reduce the nursing staff to engage in non-nursing work.

Diabetes mellitus(DM)stands as a chronic metabolic ailment predominantly characterized by elevated blood glucose lev-els,stemming from either a resistance to insulin or aberrations in insulin secretion.The ensuing persistent hyperglycemia,a direct con-sequence of pancreatic β-cell devastation,acts as a catalyst for a myriad of complications,inclusive of extensive neuropathies.The dis-ease has substantial prevalence and mortality rates,underscoring the gravity of its impact on public health.Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are readily obtainable,and they exhibit a profound capacity for self-renewal,multi-lineage differentiation,and vigorous pro-liferation.Remarkably,DPSCs can differentiate into pancreatic β-cells,subsequently participate in insulin secretion and play a pivotal role in immune modulation.This has achieved notable advancements in the therapeutic domain,particularly in the treatment of chronic diseases.Furthermore,DPSCs harbor the potential to mitigate symptoms in patients afflicted with type 1 diabetes.They navigate this therapeutic pathway through mechanisms that involve suppressing autoimmunity,modulating inflammatory responses,and counteracting oxidative stress.This article meticulously reviews the biological characteristics inherent to DPSCs and explores their multifaceted thera-peutic potential in addressing DM and its associated complications.Through this endeavor,the article aims to contribute to the refine-ment and enhancement of DM management strategies.

Objective:To develop a Cognitive Assessment Scale for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Rehabilitation and conduct reliability and validity tests in community-dwelling patients with SCI.Methods:Based on expectation value theory, social cognition theory, and goal setting theory, a Cognitive Assessment Scale for SCI Rehabilitation was developed through literature review, group discussions, patient trials, and expert verification. From February to December 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 231 community-dwelling patients with SCI as research subjects, including 67 community-dwelling patients with SCI who participated in rehabilitation training at Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center and 164 patients with SCI in the "Hope Home" WeChat group of Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center. Research subjects were surveyed using the Cognitive Assessment Scale for SCI Rehabilitation (patient version), 9-item depression scale of Patient Health Questionnaire, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, EuroQol 5 Dimension-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), General Self-Efficacy Scale, and general information questionnaire. SPSS 16.0 software and Amos 21.0 software were used for correlation analysis and reliability and validity testing.Results:The Cognitive Assessment Scale for SCI Rehabilitation (patient version) included two primary dimensions, eight secondary dimensions, and 24 items. The trial showed good results among patients with SCI and their caregivers, and experts generally agreed. Exploratory factor analysis found that the scale were divided into recognition dimension and understanding dimension. Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.98, the correlation coefficient between each item and its corresponding dimension was 0.75 to 0.88, and our results indicated good test-retest reliability. Correlation analysis showed that patient anxiety and depression scores were negatively correlated with rehabilitation cognitive scores ( P<0.05), and self-efficacy, quality of life were positively correlated with rehabilitation cognitive scores ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The Cognitive Assessment Scale for SCI Rehabilitation is scientific and feasible, with good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the rehabilitation cognition of community-dwelling patients with SCI.