Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear， but it is mainly autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance due to the abnormal activation of the immune system， while the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that abnormal amino acid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of AIH. This article reviews the research advances in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in AIH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for amino acid metabolism as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.

Objective: To explore the relationship between beverage dependence and sleep quality among college students, providing empirical evidence for improving their sleep quality. Methods: From December 2024 to January 2025, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 3 974 college students from four universities in Anhui Province. The Beverage Addiction Scale for College Students (BASCS) was used to assess beverage dependence, and the Self rating Scale of Sleep(SRSS) was used to evaluate sleep quality. A multivariate Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between beverage dependence and sleep quality, and a restricted cubic spline model was used to examine the dose response relationship between the two. Results: The positive rate of beverage dependence symptoms among college students was 7.6%, with positive rates of 9.6%, 13.8%, and 7.4% for the withdrawal symptoms, health effects, and dependence symptoms dimensions, respectively. The detection rate of sleep disorders was 23.6%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for covariates such as grade, gender, and body mass index, compared with the no beverage dependence group, students with positive beverage dependence symptoms had a higher risk of sleep disorders( OR =3.71, 95% CI =2.87-4.80, P <0.01). The OR (95% CI ) for sleep disorders among students with positive symptoms in the withdrawal symptoms, health effects, and dependence symptoms dimensions were 2.80(2.22-3.53), 2.38(1.95-2.91), and 2.45(1.89-3.18)(all P <0.01). Further analysis using a restricted cubic spline model revealed that the overall beverage dependence score and its three dimensional scores were approximately linearly related to the risk of sleep disorders among college students (all nonlinear P >0.05). Conclusions Beverage dependence is associated with sleep quality among college students. Schools should take multiple approaches, such as health education on beverage awareness, to improve students sleep quality.

Objective To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of a spray prepared from exosomes derived from M2 macrophages induced by interleukin-4 （IL-4） and tantalum particles （Ta） on the healing of pressure ulcers. Methods Bone marrow-derived macrophages were polarized into M2 macrophages using IL-4 or Ta, and exosomes （Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta） were extracted. The regulatory effects of Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta on M1 macrophage phenotypes and fibroblast matrix secretion were evaluated in vitro. Proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes and regulatory networks associated with Exo-Ta. A rat pressure ulcer model was used to assess the effects of Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta spray on wound healing rate, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition. Results In vitro, Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta induced the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory substances. Additionally, Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta enhanced the production of collagen and fibronectin in fibroblasts. Proteomic analysis revealed that Exo-Ta primarily participated in biological processes such as energy metabolism and macromolecule biosynthesis. In vivo, Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta spray accelerated wound healing, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and improved tissue remodeling in the rat pressure ulcer model. Conclusion Exosome sprays derived from M2 macrophages could accelerate pressure ulcer healing by modulating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration, which demonstrated excellent clinical application potential.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, shows great promise in treating methamphetamine (METH) addiction. Nonetheless, the molecular target and the mechanism through which CBD treats METH addiction remain unexplored. Herein, CBD was shown to counteract METH-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference. Additionally, CBD mitigated the adverse effects of METH, such as cristae loss, a decline in ATP content, and a reduction in membrane potential. Employing an activity-based protein profiling approach, a target fishing strategy was used to uncover CBD's direct target. ATP5A1, a subunit of ATP synthase, was identified and validated as a CBD target. Moreover, CBD demonstrated the ability to ameliorate METH-induced ubiquitination of ATP5A1 via the D376 residue, thereby reversing the METH-induced reduction of ATP5A1 and promoting the assembly of ATP synthase. Pharmacological inhibition of the ATP efflux channel pannexin 1, blockade of ATP hydrolysis by a CD39 inhibitor, and blocking the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) all attenuated the therapeutic benefits of CBD in mitigating METH-induced behavioral sensitization and CPP. Moreover, the RNA interference of ATP5A1 in the ventral tegmental area resulted in the reversal of CBD's therapeutic efficacy against METH addiction. Collectively, these data show that ATP5A1 is a target for CBD to inhibit METH-induced addiction behaviors through the ADO-A1R signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the predictive value of thromboelastography(TEG)combined with ser-um D-dimer(D-D)and total bilirubin(TBIL)in the risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in pa-tients with hip fracture.Methods A total of 120 patients with hip fracture who underwent surgical treatment in this hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively selected.According to the occurrence of postoperative DVT,the patients were divided into DVT group(n=34)and non-DVT group(n=86).The TEG parameters[coagulation reaction time(R),blood clot formation time(K),α angle and maximum ampli-tude of thrombus(MA)],D-D and TBIL levels were compared between the two groups before operation.Mul-tivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative DVT in patients with hip fracture.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of TBIL,D-D and TEG parameters for postoperative DVT in patients with hip fracture.Results Compared with the non-DVT group,the TBIL level,R value and K value in the DVT group were significantly decreased,while the D-D level,α angle and MA value were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression anal-ysis showed that TBIL,D-D and TEG parameters were the influencing factors of postoperative DVT in pa-tients with hip fracture(P＜0.05).ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve of TBIL,D-D,TEG parameters combined to predict postoperative DVT in patients with hip fracture was 0.940,the sensitivi-ty was 82.4％,and the specificity was 93.0％.Conclusion TEG combined with D-D and TBIL levels have a high predictive value in postoperative DVT in patients with hip fracture,which can be used in the early evalua-tion of postoperative DVT in patients with hip fracture,and help to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To investigate the differences in the levels of inactive rhomboid protein (iRhom) 1, iRhom2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cervical cancer patients with different prognoses, and to analyze the predictive value of each index for patient's prognosis.Methods:A total of 90 cervical cancer patients who underwent extensive hysterectomy at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects. Using a propensity score matching method with a caliper value of 0.02, 30 cases with normal cervical biopsy results and matched general clinical data were selected as the controls. Cervical cancer patients were divided into the good prognosis group ( n=69) and the poor prognosis group ( n=21) according to the prognosis. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of iRhom1, iRhom2, and TNF-α in tissue samples. The differences in iRhom1, iRhom2, and TNF-α protein levels between cervical cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, normal cervical tissues, and between the good and poor prognosis groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis in cervical cancer patients, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each indicator for prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Results:The levels of iRhom1 protein in cervical cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, and normal cervical tissues were 0.80±0.11, 0.41±0.10, 0.40±0.07, respectively; those of iRhom2 were 0.81±0.12, 0.47±0.10, 0.46±0.05, respectively; and those of TNF-α were 1.15±0.12, 0.58±0.10, 0.56±0.07, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the levels of iRhom1, iRhom2, and TNF-α protein among the three groups ( F=64.93, P<0.001; F=56.14, P<0.001; F=191.61, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of iRhom1, iRhom2 and TNF-α between cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues and normal cervical tissues (all P<0.05). In the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group, the levels of iRhom1 protein in cervical cancer tissues were 0.90±0.12 and 0.77±0.10, respectively; those of iRhom2 were 0.90±0.10 and 0.79±0.09, respectively; and those of TNF-α were 1.29±0.13 and 1.06±0.10, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in iRhom1, iRhom2, and TNF-α protein levels between the two groups ( t=7.31, P<0.001; t=5.35, P<0.001; t=10.30, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, iRhom1 ( OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.77-3.71, P<0.001), iRhom2 ( OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.71, P<0.001), and TNF-α ( OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.90-4.44, P<0.001) were all independent influencing factors of the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. The ROC curve indicated that iRhom1 (AUC=0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97), iRhom2 (AUC=0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94), and TNF-α (AUC=0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94) alone and in combination (AUC=0.97, 95% CI: 0.93-1.00) could predict prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Conclusions:The levels of iRhom1, iRhom2 and TNF-α proteins in cervical cancer tissues are higher than those in adjacent tissues and normal cervical tissues, and the levels of these three indexes in cervical cancer tissues with poor prognosis are significantly higher than those in cervical cancer tissues with good prognosis. The levels of iRhom1, iRhom2 and TNF-α protein are all independent factors influencing the prognosis of cervical cancer patients, and the three indicators alone or in combination can predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.

Objective To explore the risk factors of cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes and their correlations with the levels of serum fork head box protein O1(FOXO1),growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11),and matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP3).Methods 200 patients with diabetes complicated with cardiomyopathy and 200 patients with simple diabetes admitted to the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2023 to April 2025 were selected to detect serum FOXO1,GDF11 and MMP3 levels,analyze their correlation with cardiac function parameters,screen risk factors through multifactor logistic regression,construct a nomogram model and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and evaluate the diagnostic value.Results The duration of diabetes cardiomyopathy group≥10 years,the expression rate of reactive oxygen species(ROS)≥90%,the insulin resistance index and the levels of FOXO1 and MMP3 were significantly higher than those in the simple diabetes group(P<0.05),and the level of GDF11 was lower than that in the simple diabetes group(P<0.05).FOXO1 and MMP3 were positively correlated with E/e'and negatively correlated with LVEF and E/A;GDF11 was negatively correlated with E/e'and positively correlated with LVEF and E/A(P<0.05).The nomogram model showed that the weights of the influencing factors were GDF11,FOXO1,insulin resistance index,MMP3,ROS expression rate,and the course of diabetes.The model calibration was good(χ2=7.336,P=0.719).The combined diagnostic AUC of FOXO1,GDF11,and MMP3 was 0.950,which was better than that of a single indicator(P<0.05).Conclusion GDF11,FOXO1,Insulin resistance index,MMP3,ROS expression rate and the course of diabetes are risk factors for diabetes cardiomyopathy,and the combination of the three is of high diagnostic value.

Objective To explore the application efficacy and safety of oblique ultrasound-guided techniques in PICC puncture,in order to provide guidance and references for clinical application.Methods Through convenient sampling,654 patients from a tertiary A hospital in Zhejiang Province from March to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The random numbers were generated through Excel table functions and they were randomly grouped into 3 groups:A,B,and C.The ultrasound short axis method,long axis method,and oblique axis method were employed to guide PICC puncture catheterization,respectively.The success rate of PICC puncture,the number of subcutaneous adjustments of the puncture needle,puncture time,and the occurrence of puncture complications(such as hematoma,puncture of the posterior wall of blood vessels,accidental injury to arteries,and accidental injury to nerves)were recorded during the catheterization process in 3 groups.Results A total of 654 patients completed the study,including 215 in group A,219 in group B,and 220 in group C.The success rate of first-time puncture in the group C(86.36％)was higher than that in group A(73.95％)and group B(63.93％),and there was a statistically significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.001).The subcutaneous adjustment frequency of the puncture needle was 1(1,1)in group C,1(1,2)in group A,and 1(1,2)in group B.The difference between 3 groups was statistically significant(P＜0.001);the puncture time of group C was shorter than that of group A and group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).There was a statistically significant difference in the puncture time between 3 groups(P＜0.017);the pairwise comparison of the number of subcutaneous needle adjustments and the success rate of a puncture between 3 groups showed that there was a statistical difference between group C and group A,and between group C and group B(P＜0.017),while there was no statistical difference between group A and group B(P＞0.017).There was statistical significance(P＜0.05)among 3 groups in terms of complications such as accidental nerve injury and puncture of the contralateral vascular wall by puncture needle,but there was no statistical significance in terms of accidental arterial injury and hematoma occurrence among 3 groups.Conclusion Compared with the short axis approach and the long axis approach,the ultrasound oblique axis approach guided PICC puncture has statistical differences in the success rate of a puncture and the incidence of puncture complications,etc.It is recommended to use the ultrasound oblique axis approach during PICC puncture.

Objective:To compare the effects of different test meals on postprandial triglycerides and to optimize the standard meal composition and the blood sampling protocol for the oral fat tolerance test.Methods:This study is a prospective, open-label, randomized, cross-over trial. In March 2023, 36 volunteers were recruited in Hebei General Hospital. They underwent a health examination and oral glucose tolerance test. Twenty-six healthy volunteers(11 males and 15 females) were included in this study, with an average age of(39.08±4.56) years. Each volunteer received 75 g protein meal, 75 g fat meal, 700 kcal fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal, and a high-fat mixed meal with energy adjusted based on 10 kcal/kg body weight. A one-week washout period of regular diet was applied before each trial. Blood was collected at fasting status and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after a meal to detect serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. The variations of postprandial metabolic indicators over time following the consumption of different test meals were analyzed. The disparities in postprandial metabolic responses between the two types of mixed meals were compared.Results:The protein meal, fat meal, fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal, and adjusted-calorie high-fat mixed meal resulted in postprandial triglyceride increases of 22.45%, 115.40%, 77.14%, and 63.63%, and insulin increase of 560.43%, 85.69%, 554.18%, and 598.97%, respectively, and with reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C ranging from 5.64%-21.81%, respectively. The blood glucose changed slightly. Changes in metabolic indicators mainly occured within 4 hours. The comparison of the characteristics of postprandial triglycerides between the two high-fat mixed meals showed no statistically significant differences( P>0.05). Conclusion:A standardize protocol with a 700 kcal fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal as test meal, and blood lipid levels measured at fasting and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after consumption, can serve as an optimized approach for oral fat tolerance test.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of neutrophil CD64(nCD64)index as a novel biomark-er in the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis.Methods A total of 38 patients with acute bru-cellosis and 48 patients with chronic brucellosis diagnosed in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autono-mous Region from February 2021 to July 2023 were included.Peripheral blood of the patients was collected and nCD64 index was detected by flow cytometry,and the correlation between nCD64 index and disease severi-ty was analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and the specificity of nCD64 index in differentially diagnosing acute and chronic brucellosis.Meanwhile,Rose-Bengal Plate Test(RBPT)and Standard Tube Agglutination Test(SAT)were used as controls to evaluate the clini-cal diagnostic value of the three.Results The nCD64 index of acute brucellosis patients was higher than that of chronic brucellosis patients(U=216.00,P<0.001),and the index was positively correlated with the sever-ity of the disease(r=0.670,P<0.001).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of nCD64 index in the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis was 0.882(95%CI:0.811-0.952,P<0.001),the cut-off value was 2.81,and sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were 83.3%,81.6%,80.4%,81.9%and 82.6%,respectively.The efficacy of nCD64 index in differential diagnosis of nCD64 index was significantly better than those of the qualitative tests of RBPT and SAT.Conclusion nCD64 index has favourable sensitivity and specificity in the differential diag-nosis of acute and chronic brucellosis,and tends to reflect the severity of the disease.It has clinical value in the differential diagnosis of acute brucellosis and chronic brucellosis,and plays an important role in the early diag-nosis and treatment effect monitoring of brucellosis.