Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear， but it is mainly autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance due to the abnormal activation of the immune system， while the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that abnormal amino acid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of AIH. This article reviews the research advances in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in AIH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for amino acid metabolism as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.

Objective: To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students. Methods: By a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ 2 test and Logistic regression model. Results: Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" ( OR=0.48, 95%CI =0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" ( OR=0.47, 95%CI =0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions ( P <0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms ( OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.15-2.02) scored lower ( P < 0.05 ). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified. Conclusions The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its association with dietary patterns in children and adolescents in China, providing evidence for developing dietary intervention of hypertension in children and adolescents. Methods: Data were derived from the China Children s Nutrition and Health System Survey and Application Project(2019-2021). A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to include 7 933 participants from 28 survey sites in seven major regions of Northeast, North, Northwest, East, Central, South and Southwest China. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between demographic characteristics, nutritional status and elevated blood pressure. Exploratory factor analysis identified dietary patterns, which were divided into three quartile groups (T3, T2, T1) based on factor scores (compliance for dietary pattern) from high to low, and multivariate Logistic regression model assessed the correlation between elevated blood pressure and dietary patterns. Results: The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 15.4% among Chinese children aged 7-17 years. Significant differences were observed across nutritional status (reference: underweight; normal weight: OR =1.57; overweight: OR = 2.61 ; obesity: OR =3.85), urban/rural residence (reference: rural; urban: OR =0.86), and paternal education (reference: junior high school and below; bachelor degree or above: OR =0.68) ( P <0.05). The detection rates of high blood pressure in T3 group children and adolescents with four dietary patterns (staple food, animal based food, snacks, vegetables and fruits) were 15.7%, 14.6%, 16.8%, and 15.8%, respectively. After adjusting for residence, paternal education, and nutritional status, the "snack dietary pattern" (mainly candy, sugar sweetened beverages, and processed snacks) showed positive associations with elevated blood pressure in T2 ( OR =1.21) and T3 ( OR =1.19) tertiles ( P <0.05). Conclusions The snack dietary pattern is a related factor for elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents. Restricting unhealthy snack intake may promote cardiovascular health.

Objective To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of a spray prepared from exosomes derived from M2 macrophages induced by interleukin-4 （IL-4） and tantalum particles （Ta） on the healing of pressure ulcers. Methods Bone marrow-derived macrophages were polarized into M2 macrophages using IL-4 or Ta, and exosomes （Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta） were extracted. The regulatory effects of Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta on M1 macrophage phenotypes and fibroblast matrix secretion were evaluated in vitro. Proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes and regulatory networks associated with Exo-Ta. A rat pressure ulcer model was used to assess the effects of Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta spray on wound healing rate, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition. Results In vitro, Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta induced the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory substances. Additionally, Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta enhanced the production of collagen and fibronectin in fibroblasts. Proteomic analysis revealed that Exo-Ta primarily participated in biological processes such as energy metabolism and macromolecule biosynthesis. In vivo, Exo-IL-4/Exo-Ta spray accelerated wound healing, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and improved tissue remodeling in the rat pressure ulcer model. Conclusion Exosome sprays derived from M2 macrophages could accelerate pressure ulcer healing by modulating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration, which demonstrated excellent clinical application potential.

Objective To explore the influences of long-chain noncoding RNA DHRS4-AS1 (lncRNA DHRS4-AS1) on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of thyroid cancer (TC) cells by regulating the microRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p)/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) signaling axis. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expression of lncRNA DHRS4-AS1, miR-221-3p, and SOCS3 mRNA in TC cell lines, and the optimal cell line was selected for subsequent experiments. FTC-133 cells were divided into five groups: control group, pcDNA-NC group, DHRS4-AS1 group, DHRS4-AS1 combined with agomir NC group, and DHRS4-AS1 combined with miR-221-3p-agomir group. Transfection efficiency was assessed using qRT-PCR. Dual luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify the targeting interaction between lncRNA DHRS4-AS1, SOCS3, and miR-221-3p. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of SOCS3 in FTC-133 cells. EdU method was used to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to measure the apoptosis of FTC-133 cells. Scratch experiment was applied to measure the migration of FTC-133 cells. Transwell chamber was applied to detect the invasion of FTC-133 cells. Nude mouse transplantation tumor experiment was used to observe the effect of lncRNA DHRS4-AS1 on the growth of TC transplantation tumors. Results Dual luciferase reporter assays showed a targeting relationship between lncRNA DHRS4-AS1, miR-221-3p, and SOCS3. LncRNA DHRS4-AS1 and SOCS3 were downregulated and miR-221-3p was upregulated in FTC-133 cells. Overexpression of lncRNA DHRS4-AS1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of FTC-133 cells, while inducing apoptosis. Conversely, miR-221-3p overexpression reversed these inhibitory effects, and suppressed the apoptosis. Nude mouse transplantation experiment observed that overexpression of lncRNA DHRS4-AS1 resulted in a decrease in tumor tissue quality and volume, and a decrease in miR-221-3p expression and an increase in SOCS3 expression. Conclusion LncRNA DHRS4-AS1 is downregulated in FTC-133 cells. Overexpression of lncRNA DHRS4-AS1 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TC cells and induce apoptosis by regulating the miR-221-3p/SOCS3 signaling axis.
MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Cell Movement/genetics* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective:To investigate the life attitude of and related influencing factors among college students in Shanghai,and provide a reference for strengthening life education for college students.Methods:Based on the stratified cluster random sampling method,912 college students in Shanghai were investigated with the Meaning in Life Questionnaire,Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation,the Parent-child Closeness Scale,and the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale.Results:The scores of father-child closeness,mother-child closeness,psychological resilience,life meaning,and suicidal ideation was(2.79±0.85)(3.10±0.43)(2.70±0.94)(4.93±1.03)(1.69±0.72)among college students of colleges and universities in Shanghai,respectively.There were significant differences in the scores of life meaning and suicide ideation among college students of different ages,grades,and household registration groups(P＜0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the scores of father-child closeness,mother-child closeness,and psychological resilience had positive predictive effects on the score of life meaning(β=0.11,0.13,0.49,P＜0.05),and negative predictive effects on the score of suicidal ideation(β=-0.14,-0.08,-0.19,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Older,senior,and non-local college students were key groups to focus on in life education.Promoting the realization of close family relationships and parental collaborative parenting,as well as enhancing personal psychological resilience,may help to improve college students'positive life attitudes.

Objective To explore the independent risk factors that affect the overall survival(OS)of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC,≥60 years old)and build a nomogram prediction model.Methods Clinical data of all elderly patients with HCC from the SEER database from 2005 to 2020 were downloaded from SEER database.In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the screened patients were randomly assigned to a training group(70%)and a validation group(30%).The independent risk factors of elderly patients with HCC were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and further validated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.On the basis of the determined variables,nomograms were developed and verified to predict the OS of elderly patients with HCC at 6,12,and 24 months.The consistency index(C index),calibration curve,receiver's operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency and discrimination ability of the prediction model,and decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to evaluate the potential clinical application value of the nomogram.Results A total of 1134 elderly patients with HCC were included,with 793 in the training group and 341 in the validation group.Seven variables,including age,clinical grade,clinical stage,M stage,tumor size classification,and radiotherapy,were identified as independent prognostic factors of this population.The constructed nomogram shows excellent prediction performance,with C indices of 0.745 in the training group and 0.704 in the validation group.The AUC values of the training group at 6,12,and 24 months were 0.785,0.788,and 0.798,respectively,and those of the validation group were 0.780,0.725,and 0.607,respectively.The calibration curve shows good consistency from the predicted survival probability to the actual probability.The ROC curve and DCA show that the nomogram proposed in this study has good prediction ability.Conclusion Age,clinical grade,clinical stage,M stage,tumor size classification,and radiotherapy are important influencing factors for the survival of elderly patients with HCC.The prediction model of prognosis nomogram constructed in this study has good predictive value,and it can be used to predict the OS of elderly patients with HCC,which could be helpful for individualized survival assessment and clinical management of these patients.

Objective:Based on the accounting results of total health expenditure in different regions since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,to analyze the regional disparity and evolution trend of health financing level and financing structure in 2012-2022,so as to provide references for subsequent adjustment and improvement.Methods:Range,standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to analyze the degree of absolute and relative differences of total regional health expenditure in China and the changing characteristics of regional total health expenditure differences since the New Era(2012-2022).Results:Since 2012,the total health expenditure in various regions has been increasing continuously,and the average annual growth rate of total health expenditure is higher than that of the economy in this region.The relative difference of the proportion of total health expenditure to GDP in 31 provinces has converged in the fluctuation,but the absolute difference is still very large;the relative gap and absolute gap of per capita total health expenditure are expanding;the absolute difference in the proportion of out-of-pocket payments to total health expenditure has narrowed,while the relative difference has gradually narrowed.Conclusion:There are obvious differences in the growth rate of total health expenditure in different regions,so it is suggested that"appropriate growth"and"accurate control of health expenditure"should be carried out in parallel;the regional disparity of health investment in China has not improved,especially the regional disparity of per capita investment level continues to increase,so narrowing the regional disparity is a long-term task.The gap of regional financing structure has converged,but the gap is still large.

Objective:Based on the accounting results of total health expenditure in different regions since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,to analyze the regional disparity and evolution trend of health financing level and financing structure in 2012-2022,so as to provide references for subsequent adjustment and improvement.Methods:Range,standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to analyze the degree of absolute and relative differences of total regional health expenditure in China and the changing characteristics of regional total health expenditure differences since the New Era(2012-2022).Results:Since 2012,the total health expenditure in various regions has been increasing continuously,and the average annual growth rate of total health expenditure is higher than that of the economy in this region.The relative difference of the proportion of total health expenditure to GDP in 31 provinces has converged in the fluctuation,but the absolute difference is still very large;the relative gap and absolute gap of per capita total health expenditure are expanding;the absolute difference in the proportion of out-of-pocket payments to total health expenditure has narrowed,while the relative difference has gradually narrowed.Conclusion:There are obvious differences in the growth rate of total health expenditure in different regions,so it is suggested that"appropriate growth"and"accurate control of health expenditure"should be carried out in parallel;the regional disparity of health investment in China has not improved,especially the regional disparity of per capita investment level continues to increase,so narrowing the regional disparity is a long-term task.The gap of regional financing structure has converged,but the gap is still large.

Objective:Based on the accounting results of total health expenditure in different regions since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,to analyze the regional disparity and evolution trend of health financing level and financing structure in 2012-2022,so as to provide references for subsequent adjustment and improvement.Methods:Range,standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to analyze the degree of absolute and relative differences of total regional health expenditure in China and the changing characteristics of regional total health expenditure differences since the New Era(2012-2022).Results:Since 2012,the total health expenditure in various regions has been increasing continuously,and the average annual growth rate of total health expenditure is higher than that of the economy in this region.The relative difference of the proportion of total health expenditure to GDP in 31 provinces has converged in the fluctuation,but the absolute difference is still very large;the relative gap and absolute gap of per capita total health expenditure are expanding;the absolute difference in the proportion of out-of-pocket payments to total health expenditure has narrowed,while the relative difference has gradually narrowed.Conclusion:There are obvious differences in the growth rate of total health expenditure in different regions,so it is suggested that"appropriate growth"and"accurate control of health expenditure"should be carried out in parallel;the regional disparity of health investment in China has not improved,especially the regional disparity of per capita investment level continues to increase,so narrowing the regional disparity is a long-term task.The gap of regional financing structure has converged,but the gap is still large.