ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pertussis in Baoshan District, Shanghai from 2017 to 2024, so as to provide an evidence-based reference for optimizing prevention and control strategies. MethodsData on pertussis cases were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, Shanghai Integrated Management and Immunization Service Information System, and follow-up epidemiological investigations. Descriptive epidemiological analyses were performed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and vaccine effectiveness. Joinpoint regression analyses were used to examine the temporal trends in incidence rates, and a Poisson model was constructed for spatiotemporal scan analyses. ResultsA total of 1 634 pertussis cases were reported in Baoshan District from 2017 to 2024, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.08∶1. More cases were observed in males than in females, with the age ranged from 20 days to 81 years. Among them, 59.92% were in the 6‒<11 years age group, and 63.34% were students. Low-level sporadic incidence persisted during 2017‒2023, followed by a sharp increase in 2024 (71.37/100 000). Starting in January 2024, the incidence rate showed an upward trend, peaking in May before declining. The majority of cases occurred between April and June. The trend in reported pertussis incidence rates in Baoshan District from 2017 to 2023 showed no statistically significant change (APC=10.039%, t=2.586, P=0.150). Incidence rate rose from January 2024, peaked in May (APC=133.641%, t=3.841, P=0.006), then declined significantly (APC=-47.816%, t=2.586, P<0.001). The 12 subdistricts of Baoshan District were divided into low, medium, and high population density areas, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 6.09/100 000, 8.19/100 000 and 11.96/100 000, respectively. The reported incidence rate increased with an increase in population density. Spatiotemporal scan analyses showed that cases clustered in the southwest and northeast of Baoshan District. Epidemiological follow-up investigations of 1 520 cases revealed that the main clinical symptoms were cough (97.63%) and sputum production (41.58%), and 98.13% of the cases were confirmed by positive nucleic-acid test results. Among the 1 475 cases with immunization records, 83.53% had completed the four-dose pertussis vaccine before onset. The complication incidence rates, from high to low, were in the 0-dose vaccination group, 1‒3-dose vaccination group and 4-dose vaccination group. The duration of cough, from long to short, was observed in the the 0-dose vaccination group, 1‒3-dose vaccination group and 4-dose vaccination group, correspondingly. ConclusionIt is recommended to improve the pertussis surveillance system in medical institutions and establish an active monitoring network, prioritizing deployment in school settings and areas with high population density. Enhancing diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination coverage among 6-year-old children and further optimizing the pertussis immunization strategies are essential to prevent and reduce the risk of pertussis among school-aged children.

AIM: To evaluate whether Wnt pathway-related genes previously implicated in high myopia(HM)could serve as candidate genes for HM in the Chinese Han population, and to identify risk loci associated with HM susceptibility.METHODS: A case-control association analysis was conducted, involving 530 HM patients(HM group)and 1 087 healthy controls. The test efficacy was estimated using Quanto software. Peripheral blood DNA was extracted using the magnetic bead method, and seven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY system, including HIVEP3 rs17365632, rs35134694, rs11210537, CTNNB1 rs13072632, CAMK2N1 rs10753502, TCF4 rs41396445 and Wnt7B rs73175083. Differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the HM and healthy control groups were compared under different inheritance models. Haplotype analysis was performed using SHEsis plus.RESULTS: All 7 SNPs had a genotyping detection rate exceeding 90%, and were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05). The test efficacy of the sample size was above 90.13%, indicating that the samples were representative of the population. In the HM group, the A allele frequency of HIVEP3 rs11210537 was significantly reduced(Pc=0.003, OR=0.889). Conversely, the G allele frequency was significantly elevated(Pc=0.003, OR=1.176). In an additive genetic model(AA vs GG), the AA genotype frequency was significantly lower than the GG genotype frequency(Pc=0.003, OR=0.583). Additionally, the frequency of the CCA haplotype of rs17365632, rs35134694, and rs11210537 in HIVEP3 was decreased in the HM group compared to the control group(Pc=0.008, OR=0.791).CONCLUSION: The SNP locus rs11210537 in the HIVEP3 gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to HM in the Chinese Han population, with the G allele identified as risk genetic markers. The CCA haplotype of rs17365632, rs35134694, and rs11210537 in the HIVEP3 gene represents a protection haplotype for HM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2023, and to provide scientific evidence for surveillance and standardized management of HFMD. MethodsCase data for HFMD reported in the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2008 to 2023 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population characteristics, and the Joinpoint regression models were applied to assess the temporal trends of HFMD in Baoshan District. ResultsA total of 43 853 HFMD cases were reported from 2008 to 2023 in Baoshan District, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.50∶1. The majority of cases were children, among which scattered children and preschool children accounted for 54.67% and 36.58%, respectively, with 88.00% occurring in children under 5 years old. The average annual incidence rate was147.22/100 000 individuals. The pathogen detection rate in 2018 was 58.60% (109/186). Prior to 2020, CoxA16 was the predominant strain, while EV71 was not detected after 2019. ConclusionThe incidence of HFMD in Baoshan District of Shanghai was influenced by multiple factors including the inclusion in the notifiable infectious disease surveillance system, the introduction of EV71 vaccination, and the COVID-19 pandemic timeline. Populations characterized by highly mobility and frequent external contacts were at high risk for HFMD in Baoshan District. The predominant circulating strains had shifted sequentially from EV71 and CoxA16 to CoxA6.

The metastasis and recurrence of tumors is a common cause of refractory and death in patients. The disseminated tumor cells from the primary tumor can infiltrate distal organs and enter a dormant state to evade treatment. Under the particular circumstances, some of the dormant cells are revived and multiply to create metastatic lesions. Although tumor dormancy-activation plays a significant role in mediating the metastasis and recurrence of tumors, the exact mechanism underlying tumor dormancy and recurrence is still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the metastatic niche of the distal organs may provide a special environment for dormancy and activation of disseminated tumor cells. This review focuses on the latest mechanism of the metastatic niche and tumor dormancy, including interactions between tumor cells and niche, and immune regulation within the niche, aiming to provide novel perspectives for cancer treatment and prognosis assessment.

At present,reforming and innovating the public health talent training model are the challenges that the construc-tion of new medical in our country.Medical Immunology is the initial driving force in preventive medicine.Based on the course con-struction of Medical Immunology and centering on the core link of post competency of preventive medicine undergraduates,this study comprehensively reshapes the course system of Medical Immunology from the aspects of theoretical courses,practical courses,experi-mental courses,ideological and political courses and assessment methods,so as to provide reference for improving the teaching quality of preventive healthcare undergraduates.

This case report presents a 16-year-old male patient with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2(DADA2). The patient had a history of Raynaud′s phenomenon with digital ulcers since childhood. As the disease progressed, the patient developed retinal vasculitis, intracranial hemorrhage, skin necrosis, severe malnutrition, refractory hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the ADA2 gene (paternal c.1072G > A pathogenic mutation + maternal c.1065C > A variant of unknown clinical significance). ADA2 enzyme activity was significantly reduced (0.1 U/L). A multidisciplinary treatment team developed an individualized plan to address key issues, including nutritional support, blood pressure control, rehabilitation, pain management, and balancing anticoagulation/bleeding risks. After systematic intervention, the patient′s condition showed partial improvement. This case reveals clinical challenges such as anticoagulation decisions and nutritional support of DADA2. It also emphasizes the importance of early molecular diagnosis, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor targeted therapy, and multidisciplinary collaboration in management, underlining the core value of precision medicine in rare disease management.

Objective To investigate the effect of Jiawei Simiao powder on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway through miR-146a in monosodium urate(MSU)crystal-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation models,and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism.Methods A cell model of gouty arthritis was established by inducing RAW264.7 cells with MSU crystals.Cells were divided into control,model,Jiawei Simiao powder,and colchicine groups and cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 method.Levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Expression levels of miR-146a miRNA and TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6),and NF-κB p65 mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification technology,and protein expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF6,and phospho(p)-NF-κB p65 were evaluated by Western blot.Results miR-146a expression was significantly decreased in the model group compared with the control group(P＜0.01),while mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,and TRAF6,and protein expression of p-NF-κB p65,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly increased(P＜0.01).In contrast,miR-146a expression was significantly increased(P＜0.01)and mRNA and protein expression of TLR4,MyD88,and TRAF6,and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression(P＜0.01),as well as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels(P＜0.05)were significantly decreased in the Jiawei Simiao powder and colchicine groups.Conclusions Jiawei Simiao powder may alleviate MSU crystal-induced macrophage inflammatory responses by upregulating miR-146a,suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation,and decreasing secretion of inflammatory factors.

Objective To investigate the effect of Jiawei Simiao powder on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway through miR-146a in monosodium urate(MSU)crystal-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation models,and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism.Methods A cell model of gouty arthritis was established by inducing RAW264.7 cells with MSU crystals.Cells were divided into control,model,Jiawei Simiao powder,and colchicine groups and cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 method.Levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Expression levels of miR-146a miRNA and TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6),and NF-κB p65 mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification technology,and protein expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF6,and phospho(p)-NF-κB p65 were evaluated by Western blot.Results miR-146a expression was significantly decreased in the model group compared with the control group(P＜0.01),while mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,and TRAF6,and protein expression of p-NF-κB p65,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly increased(P＜0.01).In contrast,miR-146a expression was significantly increased(P＜0.01)and mRNA and protein expression of TLR4,MyD88,and TRAF6,and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression(P＜0.01),as well as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels(P＜0.05)were significantly decreased in the Jiawei Simiao powder and colchicine groups.Conclusions Jiawei Simiao powder may alleviate MSU crystal-induced macrophage inflammatory responses by upregulating miR-146a,suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation,and decreasing secretion of inflammatory factors.

At present,reforming and innovating the public health talent training model are the challenges that the construc-tion of new medical in our country.Medical Immunology is the initial driving force in preventive medicine.Based on the course con-struction of Medical Immunology and centering on the core link of post competency of preventive medicine undergraduates,this study comprehensively reshapes the course system of Medical Immunology from the aspects of theoretical courses,practical courses,experi-mental courses,ideological and political courses and assessment methods,so as to provide reference for improving the teaching quality of preventive healthcare undergraduates.

The metastasis and recurrence of tumors is a common cause of refractory and death in patients. The disseminated tumor cells from the primary tumor can infiltrate distal organs and enter a dormant state to evade treatment. Under the particular circumstances, some of the dormant cells are revived and multiply to create metastatic lesions. Although tumor dormancy-activation plays a significant role in mediating the metastasis and recurrence of tumors, the exact mechanism underlying tumor dormancy and recurrence is still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the metastatic niche of the distal organs may provide a special environment for dormancy and activation of disseminated tumor cells. This review focuses on the latest mechanism of the metastatic niche and tumor dormancy, including interactions between tumor cells and niche, and immune regulation within the niche, aiming to provide novel perspectives for cancer treatment and prognosis assessment.