[Objective] To analyse and predict the tendencies of using erythrocyte blood in Changsha based on the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, long short-term memory (LSTM) and ARIMA-LSTM combination model, so as to provide reliable basis for designing a feasible and effective blood inventory management strategy. [Methods] The data of erythrocyte usage from hospitals in Changsha between January 2012 and December 2023 were collected, and ARIMA model, LSTM model and ARIMA-LSTM combination model were established. The actual erythrocyte consumption from January to May 2024 were used to assess and verify the prediction effect of the models. The extrapolation prediction accuracy of the models were tested using two evaluation indicators: mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE), and then the prediction performance of the model was compared. [Results] The RMSE of LSTM model, optimal model ARIMA(1,1,1)(1,1,1)12 and ARIMA-LSTM combination model were respectively 5 206.66, 3 096.43 and 2 745.75, and the MAPE were 18.78%,11.54% and 9.76% respectively, which indicated that the ARIMA-LSTM combination model was more accurate than the ARIMA model and LSTM model, and the prediction results was basically consistent with the actual situation. [Conclusion] The ARIMA-LSTM model can better predict the clinical erythrocyte consumption in Changsha in the short term.

Objective:To describe the detail sampling design,weighting,instruments,filed procedures and quality control methods of the epidemiological survey on dementia among community residents in Tongliao City.Methods:A three-stage disproportionate probability sampling design was used to investigate the inhabitants aged 65 years and over in Tongliao City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The 10/66 Dementia Research Group(10/66 DRG)assessment instruments were used to diagnose dementia,using computer-assisted personal interview mode in the selected older people.Comprehensive quality control methods were implemented throughout the field-work.Results:A total of 166 villages or communities were sampled from nine counties or districts in Tongliao Cit-y.Totally 4 345 older people were interviewed with 96.2％response rate.By calculating sampling design weights,non-response adjustment weights and post-stratification adjustment weights,these weights were multiplied and per-formed trimming adjustment and standardization adjustment to generate final weights.The 171 interviewers were well-trained and qualified to carry out filed interview.Quality control methods included computer data check,audio record check,and telephone check in order to ensure the quality of the survey.Conclusion:This survey is imple-mented using a rigorous sampling design and timely quality control methods,and uses the 10/66 DRG assessment instruments with satisfactory international validity and reliability as survey instruments,which has international cross-cultural comparability.It provides a valid and feasible methodology of epidemiological survey on dementia for further studies in different regions in China.

Objective To compare the differences in radiation doses from CT scanning between children of different age groups and adult patients by using both traditional radiation dose assessment parameters and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE).Methods A total of 406 patients undergoing lung CT examination were studied.They were sampled retrospectively and continuously from the Union Hospital and divided into six groups by age distritution (0-2,3-6,7-10,11-14,15-18,＞18 years old).The CTDIvol and DLP values were randomly sampled using MATLAB platform-based dicom data software.The SSDE and water equivalent diameter were also calculated according to the AAPM 220 Report.The differences in radiation doses from lung CT scaning between children and adult patients were analysed.Results The CTDIvol values for all age groups were significantly lower than the SSDE values.The differences were statistically significant (t =-36.36,-32.83,-30.36,-28.74,-23.89,P＜0.05).The SSDE values were 137％,94％,79％,57％ and 42％ higher than the CTDIvol values,respectively.The CTDIvol values for the adult group were also lower than the SSDE values,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-21.92,P＜0.05),and the SSDE value was about 41％ higher than the CTDIvol value.With the increased age,CTDIvol value,DLP value,Dw value and SSDE value for children of all age groups gradually increased and were significantly smaller than those for the adult group.The difference was statistically significant (F=63.39,203.28,89.27,103.44,P＜0.05).The conversion coefficient f for all age groups decreased significantly with age,which was significantly higher than that for the adult group,and the difference was statistically significant (F =109.83,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In lung CT scanning,the CTDIvol value significantly underestimated the radiation doses to children as compared to adults.CTDIvol values are more easily underestimated for younger patients.The SSDE method allows for more accurate reflection of the radiation doses to different patients,taking into account differences in the examined patient size.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of urokinase thrombolytic therapy for optic artery occlusion (OAO) and retinal artery occlusion (RAO) caused by facial microinjection with hyaluronic acid and spontaneous RAO. Methods: From January 2014 to February 2018, 22 eyes of 22 patients with OAO and RAO caused by facial microinjection of hyaluronic acid who received treatment in Xi'an Fourth Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study (hyaluronic acid group). Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with spontaneous RAO were selected as the control group. The BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted into logMAR visual acuity. FFA was used to measure arm-retinal circulation time (A-Rct) and filling time of retinal artery and its branches (FT). Meanwhile, MRI examination was performed. There were significant differences in age and FT between the two groups (t=14.840, 3.263; P=0.000, 0.003). The differecens of logMAR visual acuity, onset time and A-Rct were not statistically significant between the two groups (t=0.461, 0.107, 1.101; P=0.647, 0.915, 0.277). All patients underwent urokinase thrombolysis after exclusion of thrombolytic therapy. Among the patients in the hyaluronic acid group and control group, there were 6 patients of retrograde ophthalmic thrombolysis via the superior pulchlear artery, 6 patients of retrograde ophthalmic thrombolysis via the internal carotid artery, and 10 patients of intravenous thrombolysis. FFA was reviewed 24 h after treatment, and A-Rct and FT were recorded. Visual acuity was reviewed 30 days after treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions during and after treatment were observed. The changes of logMAR visual acuity, A-Rct and FT before and after treatment were compared between the two groups using ttest. Results: At 24 h after treatment, the A-Rct and FT of the hyaluronic acid group were 21.05±3.42 s and 5.05±2.52 s, which were significantly shorter than before treatment (t=4.569, 2.730; P=0.000, 0.000); the A-Rct and FT in the control group were 19.55±4.14 s and 2.55±0.91 s, which were significantly shorter than before treatment (t=4.114, 7.601; P=0.000, 0.000). There was no significant difference in A-Rct between the two groups at 24 h after treatment (t=1.311, P=0.197). The FT difference was statistically significant between the two groups at 24 h after treatment (t=4.382, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the shortening time of A-Rct and FT between the two groups (t=0.330, 0.510; P=0.743, 0.613). At 30 days after treatment, the logMAR visual acuity in the hyaluronic acid group and the control group were 0.62±0.32 and 0.43±0.17, which were significantly higher than those before treatment (t=2.289, 5.169; P=0.029, 0.000). The difference of logMAR visual acuity between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant (t=2.872, P=0.008). The difference in logMAR visual acuity before and after treatment between the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.239, P=0.025). No ocular or systemic adverse reactions occurred during or after treatment in all patients. Conclusions Urokinase thrombolytic therapy for OAO and RAO caused by facial microinjection with hyaluronic acid and spontaneous RAO is safe and effective, with shortening A-Rct, FT and improving visual acuity. However, the improvement of visual acuity after treatment of OAO and RAO caused by facial microinjection with hyaluronic acid is worse than that of spontaneous RAO.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of constructing a machine learning classification model for unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients and normal controls based on diffusion tensor imaging. Methods: Prospective collection of 84 patients with untreated SSHL were recruited from the otolaryngology department of the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between June 2013 to May 2015 as the SSHL group. Meanwhile, a total of 63 healthy volunteers who were no any ear disease history, and the hearing function were confirmed with pure tone audiometry, were collected as the control group. All subjects underwent a brain DTI scan. The data were divided into the training set and validation set according to the ratio of 7 to 3, that was, the training set contained 58 cases of SSHL patients and 44 control groups, and the validation set included 26 cases of SSHL patients and 19 control groups. A vector which included the DTI parameters such as fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity was constructed with the software R. The LASSO regression of machine learning method was used to perform feature dimensionality reduction and construct a classification model. The training set samples were used to map the nomogram based on the multivariate logistic analysis method, the validation set and the AUC were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the nomogram, and the calibration curve was used to evaluate the model. Results: From the 200 feature vectors including the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values of each brain region, after each dimension reduction process, a total of six features were retained, which were the MD of left superior corona radiate and right superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the AD of the body of corpus callosum, and the RD of left inferior cerebellar peduncle, left superior corona radiate and right posterior limb of internal capsule. The six features of patients with unilateral SSHL were higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Based on this, a two-class model is constructed and a nomogram is drawn. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC of the training set were 93.1% (54/58), 72.7% (32/44), 84.3% (86/102) and 0.854, respectively; the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC of validation set were 80.8% (21/26), 84.2% (16/19), 82.2% (37/45), 0.870, respectively. Nomogram could significantly improve the classification efficiency of the control group and patients, and the model with the LASSO method showed a higher prediction curve than other models. Conclusions The machine learning classification model based on DTI metrics can effectively distinguish patients with unilateral sudden sensorineural deafness from healthy control people.

Objective To observe the effect of interventional thrombolytic therapy for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion via supratrochlear artery retrogradely or external carotid artery anterogradely.Methods Nine CRAO patients (9 eyes) were enrolled in this study,including 5 males and 4 females.The mean age was (45.2 ± 18.1) years.The mean onset duration was 24 hours.There were 4 eyes with vision of no light perception,3 eyes with light perception and 2 eyes with hand movement.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examination showed that the retinal artery was filled with delayed fluorescence.The peak of fluorescence was seen in the anterior part of the artery,and some of the eyes showed retrograde filling.The arm-retinal circulation time (A-Rct) was ≥35 s in 4 eyes,≥35 s-＜25 s in 5 eyes.The filling time of retinal artery and its branches (FT) was ≥ 15 s in 2 eyes,≥ 12 s-＜15 s in 3 eyes,≥9 s-＜ 12 s in 4 eyes.All the patients received the treatment of interventional thrombolytic therapy via supratrochlear artery retrogradely (8 eyes) or external carotid artery anterogradely (1 eye) according to the indications and contraindications of thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infraction patients.Urokinase (0.4 million U in total) was intermittently injected into the arteries.After artery thrombolysis,the changes of digital subtraction angiography (DSA),filling time of retinal artery and its branches on FFA within 24 hours and the visual acuity were observed.According to the A-Rct and FT on FFA,the therapeutic effects on retinal circulation were defined as effective markedly (A-Rct≤ 15 s,FT ≤2 s),effective (A-Rct was improved but in the range of 16-20 s,FT was in 3-8 s) and no effect (A-Rct was improved but ≥21 s,FT≥9 s).The related local or systemic complications were recorded.Results After the injection ofurokinase into the catheter,the ophthalmic artery and its branches were increased in 6 eyes (66.7％),and the development of the eye ring was significantly more than that of the eyes before thrombolysis.The circulation time in ophthalmic artery was speeded up for 2 s before thrombolysis in 3 eyes,3 s in 3 eyes,and 4 s in 2 eyes.Within 24 hours after thrombolysis treatment,the A-Rct was significantly decreased than that of before interventional therapy.The retinal circulation was effective markedly in 4 eyes (44.4％),effective in 4 eyes (44.4％) and no effect in 1 eyes (11.2％).The vision was improved 3 lines in 4 eyes (44.4％),2 lines in 3 eyes (33.3％),1 line in 1 eye (11.2％) and no change in 1 eye (11.2％).There were no abnormal eye movements,vitreous hemorrhage and incision hematoma,intracranial hemorrhage,cerebral embolism,and other local and systemic adverse effeetives during the follow-up.Conclusions The interventional thrombolytic therapy via supratrochlear artery retrogradely or external carotid artery anterogradely for CRAO with the ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion can improve retinal circulation and vision.There are no related local or systemic complications.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with poor effect after the treatment of arterial thrombolytic therapy.Methods Twenty-four CRAO patients (24 eyes) with poor effect after the treatment of arterial thrombolytic therapy were enrolled in this study.There were 11 males and 13 females.The age was ranged from 35 to 80 years,with the mean age of (56.7± 15.6) years.There were 11 right eyes and 13 left eyes.The visual acuity was tested by standard visual acuity chart.The arm-retinal circulation time (A-Rct) and the filling time of retinal artery and its branches (FT) were detected by fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA).The visual acuity was ranged from light sensation to 0.5,with the average of 0.04±0.012.The A-Rct was ranged from 18.0 s to 35.0 s,with the mean of (29.7±5.8) s.The FT was ranged from 4.0 s to 16.0 s,with the mean of (12.9±2.3) s.All patients were treated with urokinase intravenous thrombolytic therapy.The dosage ofurokinase was 3000 U/kg,2 times/d,adding 250 ml of 0.9％ sodium chloride intravenous drip,2 times between 8-10 h,and continuous treatment of FFA after 5 days.Comparative analysis was performed on the visual acuity of the patients before and after treatment,and the changes of A-Rct and FT.Results After intravenous thrombolytic therapy,the A-Rct was ranged from 16.0 s to 34.0 s,with the mean of (22.4 ±5.5) s.Among 24 eyes,the A-Rct was 27.0-34.0 s in 4 eyes (16.67％),18.0-26.0 s in 11 eyes (45.83％);16.0-17.0 s in 9 eyes (37.50％).The FT was ranged from 2.4 s to 16.0 s,with the mean of (7.4± 2.6) s.Compared with before intravenous thrombolytic therapy,the A-Rct was shortened by 7.3 s and the FT was shortened by 5.5 s with the significant differences （x2=24.6,24.9;P＜0.01).After intravenous thrombolytic therapy,the visual acuity was ranged from light sensation to 0.6,with the average of 0.08 ± 0.011.There were 1 eye with vision of light perception (4.17％),8 eyes with hand movement/20 cm (33.33％),11 eyes with 0.02-0.05 (45.83％),2 eyes with 0.1-0.2 (8.33％),1 eye with 0.5 (4.17％) and 1 eye with 0.6 (4.17％).The visual acuity was improved in 19 eyes (79.17％).The difference of visual acuity before and after intravenous thrombolytic therapy was significant (x2=7.99,P＜0.05).There was no local and systemic adverse effects during and after treatment.Conclusion Intravenous thrombolytic therapy for CRAO with poor effect after the treatment of arterial thrombolytic therapy can further improve the circulation of retinal artery and visual acuity.

Objective To observe the characteristics of collateral circulation blood flow of ipsilateral ophthalmic artery in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. Methods The imaging data of 20 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion were analyzed retrospectively. There were 11 males and 9 females, aged from 30 to 65 years, with an average age of (45±3) years. All the patients underwent digital subtraction angiography and transcranial Doppler examination, and 6 patients underwent simultaneous magnetic resonance angiography. The blood supply and collateral circulation of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery were observed . Results All the patients had unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. The blood supply of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and ophthalmic artery comes from the collateral circulation between the middle meningeal artery branches of the external carotid artery and the ophthalmic artery in 18 patients (90.0%); it also comes from the anterior communicating artery of the contralateral internal carotid artery in 16 patients (80.0%); and the posterior communicating artery of the contralateral internal carotid artery in 12 patients (60.0%), respectively. Conclusion The blood flow of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery mainly comes from the middle meningeal artery branch of the ipsilateral external carotid artery, also comes from the anterior and posterior communicating arteries of the contralateral internal carotid artery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of lipid-soluble and water-soluble extracts in Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by means of solvent extraction and column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.

RESULTTwo compounds from petroleum ether extract and ten from n-BuOH extract were isolated and identified as sophoradiol (1), beta-sitosterol (2), 3 beta, 22 beta, 24-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene (soyasapogenol B) (3), daucosterol (4), kaikasaponin I (5), quercetin (6), isorhamnetin (7), 2-O-methyl-insitol (8), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (9), isoquercitrin (10), orobol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (11), rutin (12), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 3, 8-11 were isolated from Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus for the first time. The results could be basic foundation for further study on processing mechanism of Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

Sophora ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe sulfhydryl compound variation in the injury of pancreatic cells and the effects of external sulfhydryl compounds on cytoprotection.

METHODSMale Wistar mice were divided randomly into three groups: groups A and B served as animal models (retrograde duct infusion with 5% sodium taurocholate), in group A, 45 animals were treated with normal saline therapy, in group B, 45 animals were treated with Tiopronin therapy; and group C, 15 animals, were designated as normal control. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h, and pancreatic tissue was analyzed for total sulfhydryl (TSH), nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathology, serum amylase (Sam) and C reactive protein (CRP) were assessed as well.

RESULTSLevels of Sam and CRP increased in both group A and group B, with corresponding pathological changes of acute nerotic pancreatitis (ANP). Levels of TSH, NPSH and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) in group A decreased markedly during pancreatitis (P < 0.01), but MDA increased significantly (P < 0.01). The depletion of NPSH in group B was markedly ameliorated at 4 h or 6 h, when Tiopronin was prophylactically administered (P < 0.05), after which the level of MDA showed very little increase when compared to group A (P < 0.01). Histopathological damage was attenuated to a certain extent, in regards to serum amylase and CRP.

CONCLUSIONSAll sulfhydryl compounds decreased significantly during ANP; external sulfhydryl compound could protect the pancreatic cells most likely as a type of scavengers of oxygen free radicals, which are critically involved in the pathophysiology of ANP. Sulfhydryl plays an important role in the action of pancreatic cytoprotection.

Acute Disease ; Amylases ; blood ; Animals ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Cytoprotection ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Necrosis ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; analysis ; physiology ; Tiopronin ; therapeutic use