Myocardial infarction （MI） refers to an acute clinical syndrome of myocardial necrosis due to persistent ischemia and hypoxia， resulting from the sharp reduction or interruption of coronary blood flow. Nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） is the key factor in inducing inflammatory response， and it is involved in the production of pro-inflammatory factors and myocardial cell apoptosis. This article systematically describes the molecular regulation mechanism of the NF-κB signaling pathway in MI， and reviews the related research on the prevention and treatment of MI through the regulation of this signaling pathway by active ingredients and compound formulas from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It has been found that active ingredients from TCM， such as ginsenoside Rg3， baicalein， curcumin， tanshinone ⅡA， gambogic acid， as well as compound formulas， including Qili qiangxin capsules， Yiqi huoxue decoction， Lingbao huxin dan， Danhong injection， Baoyuan decoction combined with Taohong siwu decoction， can improve myocardial fibrosis， alleviate inflammatory responses， and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thereby， they achieve the goal of preventing and treating MI.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） is a major complication following coronary revascularization. Studies indicate that its pathophysiological mechanisms of MIRI are closely associated with oxidative stress， iron overload， inflammatory responses， and lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in redox homeostasis under pathological conditions， characterized by the abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， which disrupts the dynamic balance between pro-oxidant systems and antioxidant defense networks. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of MIRI due to its multi-target and multi-pathway antioxidant properties. Research reveals that TCM primarily exerts protective effects against oxidative stress-induced MIRI by regulating signaling pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）， Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， and protein kinase C beta Ⅱ/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species （PKCβⅡ/NOX2/ROS）. This article reviews recent literature on TCM monomers， compound formulas， and their active components， which alleviate oxidative stress to prevent and treat MIRI by modulating the aforementioned signaling pathways. It summarizes a concise overview of the molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress-related signaling pathways lead to MIRI， discusses how TCM regulates these pathways to reduce oxidative stress-induced MIRI， and explores clinical application prospects and research challenges， aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the research and clinical management of MIRI.

Objective To introduce and enhance an experimental technique for intraventricular drug delivery via an implantable osmotic pump.Methods Eight-week-old male SD rats were selected and the requisite equipment and reagents were prepared.The osmotic pump was assembled and brought to operational status before conducting the implantation surgery.Following anesthesia,the rats underwent skin preparation and the upper surface of the skull was surgically exposed.A point directly above the ventricle was located using a brain stereotaxic apparatus,and a small hole was drilled at that location with a high-speed cranial drill.The pump body was then implanted subcutaneously in the neck and the needle was inserted into the drilled hole,and secured with dental cement.Once solidified,the needle base was removed,the subcutaneous soft tissue and scalp were sutured in layers,and the animal was returned to its cage for rearing in isolation.Results The osmotic pump was successfully implanted subcutaneously in the rat's neck,the needle was securely fixed to the skull,and the catheter interface remained intact.The rats were sacrificed and the brain tissue was removed.Examination of the extracted brain tissue revealed no significant hematoma around the puncture site or needle tract,and the presence of blue dye in the ventricular and adjacent tissues indicated successful drug delivery to the ventricle.Conclusions The introduction of a brain stereotaxic apparatus to aid localization,coupled with enhancements to the operational procedure,may improve the accuracy and safety of the implantation process resulting in a high success rate for intraventricular drug administration.

Objective:To clarify the clinicopathological features, prognosis, and recurrence pattern of early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC).Methods:Using data from the gastric cancer database of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, we performed a retrospective, large-scale, real-world study of 5046 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone redical or palliative gastrectomy from January 2013 to December 2018, including 425 patients with EOGC (age ≤45 years) and 4621 controls. All those patients were pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma with complete follow-up of five years. Residue gastric cancer and patients without complete clinical or follow-up data were excluded. We used a combination of outpatient and telephone follow-up, ending in October 2022 (median duration of follow-up 60 months), and compared the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the two groups.Results:The clinicopathological features of EOGC included female predominance (61.1% [262/425 vs. 26.3% [1217/4621], χ 2=234.215, P<0.001), fewer comorbidities (31.3% [133/425] vs. 58.5% [2703/4621], χ 2=34.378, P<0.001), poorer differentiation (90.6% [385/425] vs. 78.2% [3614/4621], χ 2=30.642, P<0.001), higher proportion of diffuse type (53.9% [229/425] vs. 18.3% [846/4621], χ 2=274.474, P<0.001), higher proportion of T4 stage (44.7% [190/425] vs. 37.5% [1733/4621], χ 2=17.535, P=0.001), more lymph node metastases (60.5% [257/425] vs. 53.9% [2491/4621], χ 2=6.764, P=0.009), and higher proportion of pathological stage III/IV (47.5% [202/425] vs. 42.4% [1959/4621], χ 2=4.093, P=0.043). The 5-year overall survival rates of the EOGC and control groups were 55.1% and 49.1%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly better in the EOGC than in the control group ( P<0.001). According to subgroup analysis, the prognosis of pathological stage I/II/III EOGC was better than that of the control group. Recurrence rates were similar in the two groups, whereas patients with EOGC had a higher proportion of peritoneal recurrence (7.8% [33/425] vs. 3.2% [146/4621], χ 2=23.741, P<0.001) and a lower proportion of distant metastasis (4.9% [21/425] vs. 8.3% [385/4621], χ 2=6.247, P=0.012). Conclusion:EOGC has unique clinicopathological features and recurrence patterns and resectable EOGC has a better prognosis, suggesting that patients with EOGC should be actively treated with the focus on preventing peritoneal recurrence.

Objective To summarize the best evidence of nutritional support therapy with food for special medi-cal purpose for patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after oncology surgery,and to provide a reference basis for standardizing the application of food for special medical purpose and guiding clinical nutritional therapy practice for oncology patients.Methods Computer search was conducted on UpToDate,Guidelines International Network(GIN),National Guideline Clearinghouse,National Comprehensive Cancer Network,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,Oncology Nursing Society,American Society for Parenteral Enteral Nutrition,European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Centre database,Cochrane Library,PubMed,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science,Em-base,CBM,Wanfang,and China Knowledge Network on the nutritional support treatment of food for special medical purpose for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy patients.The retrieval period was from January 2012 to August 2022.Quality evaluation of the literature was completed independently by 2 evidence-based trained researchers and combined with expert advice to extract and summarise evidence for the literature that met quality standards.Results A total of 14 articles were included,including 4 guidelines,1 clinical decision,2 systematic re views,4 expert consen-suses,and 3 randomized controlled trials.The 14 pieces of best evidence were compiled,covering 6 aspects of nu-tritional screening and assessment,nutritional education,recommended dose,formulation selection,nutritional treat-ment,and management of adverse effects.Conclusion This study summarises the best evidence on the nutritional management of food for special medical purpose in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy patients with cancer,which is scientific and systematic.When administering nutritional therapy to patients,healthcare professionals should fully assess the nutritional status of patients,make clear and prudent choices on the dosage and type of food for special medical puipose to be used by patients,and guide patients to improve their nutritional status safely and effectively to improve their quality of life.To improve the quality of life.

Objective:To clarify the clinicopathological features, prognosis, and recurrence pattern of early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC).Methods:Using data from the gastric cancer database of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, we performed a retrospective, large-scale, real-world study of 5046 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone redical or palliative gastrectomy from January 2013 to December 2018, including 425 patients with EOGC (age ≤45 years) and 4621 controls. All those patients were pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma with complete follow-up of five years. Residue gastric cancer and patients without complete clinical or follow-up data were excluded. We used a combination of outpatient and telephone follow-up, ending in October 2022 (median duration of follow-up 60 months), and compared the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the two groups.Results:The clinicopathological features of EOGC included female predominance (61.1% [262/425 vs. 26.3% [1217/4621], χ 2=234.215, P<0.001), fewer comorbidities (31.3% [133/425] vs. 58.5% [2703/4621], χ 2=34.378, P<0.001), poorer differentiation (90.6% [385/425] vs. 78.2% [3614/4621], χ 2=30.642, P<0.001), higher proportion of diffuse type (53.9% [229/425] vs. 18.3% [846/4621], χ 2=274.474, P<0.001), higher proportion of T4 stage (44.7% [190/425] vs. 37.5% [1733/4621], χ 2=17.535, P=0.001), more lymph node metastases (60.5% [257/425] vs. 53.9% [2491/4621], χ 2=6.764, P=0.009), and higher proportion of pathological stage III/IV (47.5% [202/425] vs. 42.4% [1959/4621], χ 2=4.093, P=0.043). The 5-year overall survival rates of the EOGC and control groups were 55.1% and 49.1%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly better in the EOGC than in the control group ( P<0.001). According to subgroup analysis, the prognosis of pathological stage I/II/III EOGC was better than that of the control group. Recurrence rates were similar in the two groups, whereas patients with EOGC had a higher proportion of peritoneal recurrence (7.8% [33/425] vs. 3.2% [146/4621], χ 2=23.741, P<0.001) and a lower proportion of distant metastasis (4.9% [21/425] vs. 8.3% [385/4621], χ 2=6.247, P=0.012). Conclusion:EOGC has unique clinicopathological features and recurrence patterns and resectable EOGC has a better prognosis, suggesting that patients with EOGC should be actively treated with the focus on preventing peritoneal recurrence.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression level of miRNA Let-7 and the deletion of DNA mismatch repair(dMMR)proteins in endometrial carcinoma(EC).Methods A total of 74 patients with EC who underwent radical surgery at Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province from May 2016 to December 2022 were selected.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of dMMR proteins(including MLH1,PMS2,MSH2,and MSH6),while real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was performed to measure the relative expression levelof miRNA Let-7.According to the expression of dMMR proteins,EC patients were divided into the complete expression group(n=43)and the absent expression group(n=31).Logistic multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with dMMR protein deficiency,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of relevant factors.Results In 74 cases of EC,the expression level of miRNA Let-7 was higher in the myographic infiltration＜1/2 group than in the myographic infiltration ≥ 1/2 group,and the difference was significant(t=1.79,P=0.04).The deletion rate of dMMR protein expression was 41.89％,the deletion rate in patients aged＜55 years and miRNA Let-7 low expression group(＜0.715)were higher than those in ≥ 55 years and miRNA Let-7 high expression group(≥ 0.715),with significant differences(x2=3.92,4.50,all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that miRNA Let-7 expression level was an independent risk factor for dMMR expression deletion(P=0.012).Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between miRNA Let-7 expression level and dMMR protein deletion(r=-0.247,P=0.034).ROC curve analysis indicated that the expression level of miRNA Let-7 had a certain predictive value for dMMR protein deletion in EC patients,with an AUC of 0.737,an optimal critical value of 0.77,a sensitivity and a specificity of 0.651 and 0.806,respectively.Conclusion The expression level of miRNA Let-7 was correlated with the deletion of dMMR proteins in patients diagnosed with EC.Moreover,it served as a potential risk factor for dMMR protein deficiency.It may offer valuable insights into predicting dMMR expression deletion.

Objective To analyze the relationships between pulmonary ground-glass nodules(GGN)and bronchi and blood vessels and their diagnostic values for infiltrative lesions based on high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)target scanning technology.Methods Patients with GGN detected by HRCT target scanning and complete pathological results were retrospectively selected as the research subjects.The relationships between GGN and bronchi and blood vessels in patients with different pathological types were analyzed,and the relationships for detecting infiltrative lesions were further analyzed,using pathological results as the gold standard.Results Three hundred patients were divided into 237 cases of pre-invasive lesions and 63 cases of infiltrative lesions according to pathological results.There were statistically significant differences in lesion properties and lesion morphology in patients with different types of GGN(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the relationships between GGN and bronchi and blood vessels in the pre-invasive lesions and the infiltrative lesions(P＜0.05).Based on the pathological results as the gold standard,the sensitivity of HRCT bronchial classification,vascular classification,and their combined detection of infiltrative lesions were 84.13％(53/63),95.24％(60/63),and 95.24％(60/63);specificity were 83.12％(197/237),87.34％(207/237),and 87.34％(207/237);accuracy were 83.33％(250/300),89.00％(267/300),and 89.00％(267/300).Conclusion Evaluating the classification of pulmonary GGN and bronchi and blood vessels by HRCT target scanning technology has good value in identifying infiltrative lesions.The combined diagnosis of the two signs can further improve the accuracy of detection.

Objective To investigate the application of MRI T2*-mapping in the early damage of the medial meniscus posterior root(MMPR)in asymptomatic knee osteoarthritis(OA).Methods Eighty subjects were included in this study,35 were diagnosed with knee OA(OA group)and clinically confirmed MMPR injury,35 were asymptomatic OA group with gender and age matching,and 10 were normal control group.All subjects were examined by T2*-mapping.The T2*-mapping values at the bone attachment,middle part,and 1 cm bone attachment point of MMPR were measured in each group,and the consistency of T2*-mapping values between the knee OA group and the asymptomatic OA group was verified by the Kappa test.The T2*-mapping values of each measurement area were statistically compared,and the clinical diagnosis accuracy and other indicators of the T2*-mapping parameter values were statistically analyzed.Results The Kappa value of the knee OA group and the asymptomatic OA group analyzed by T2*-mapping was 0.787(P＜0.01),Kappa statistical analysis showed that there was a good consistency between the two diagnostic results.The T2*-mapping values of the knee OA group,asymptomatic OA group,and normal control group at the bone attachment,middle part,and 1 cm bone attachment point of MMPR showed that the T2*-mapping values of each measurement area in the knee OA group and asymptomatic OA group were higher than those in the normal control group(P＜0.05).The T2*-mapping values of the knee OA group were higher than those of the asymptomatic OA group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).While the T2*-mapping values were used in the asymptomatic OA group to diagnose the early damage of MMPR,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,negative predictive value,and positive predictive value were 89.6％,88.9％,91.1％,87.5％,and 88.3％respectively.Conclusion T2*-mapping value may be used as a reference index to predict the progression of knee OA,and has a certain value in the early diagnosis of asymptomatic OA MMPR injury.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of depression in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction 3 months after discharge, and build a risk prediction model.Methods:The clinical data of 237 patients with lacunar cerebral infarction diagnosed and treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, laboratory indicators and risk factors of cardiovascular disease were collected when the patients were admitted to hospital. The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score was used to assess the risk of post-stroke depression (PSD) 3 months after discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors of depression. A predictive model was constructed based on the above risk factors. The predictive efficacy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the clinical applicability of the predictive model was measured by calibration curve and decision curve.Results:Fifty-four patients with lacunar infarction (22.80%) showed symptoms of depression at 3 months after discharge. Multivariate logistic regression showed that women ( OR=2.952, 95% CI: 1.403-6.213, P=0.004), cystatin C ( OR=2.964, 95% CI: 1.222-7.191, P=0.016), apolipoprotein B ( OR=4.836, 95% CI: 1.533-15.258, P=0.007) were the independent risk factors for PSD in patients with lacunar infarction. Activity of daily living (ADL) score ( OR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.915-0.964, P<0.001) was a protective factor for PSD in patients with lacunar infarction. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.779 (95% CI: 0.703-0.855, P<0.001), which was better than other predictors. Hosmer-Lemeshow H test showed that the model was well calibrated ( P=0.588). In addition, the prediction model of decision curve analysis had a good clinical applicability. Conclusions:The predictive model based on gender, laboratory indicators and daily life ability score can evaluate the risk of PSD in patients with lacunar infarction 3 months after discharge. It is good predictive efficacy and clinical applicability which worth clinical promotion and application.