As the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host garners increasing research attention, a significant parallel surge has emerged in the investigation of intestinal bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). Most intestinal bacteria secrete BEVs, which harbor specific cargo molecules and exhibit diverse functions, encompassing interactions among bacteria themselves and between bacteria and the host. These interactions can either bolster host health or contribute to various pathologies. By integrating the characteristics of BEVs, we summarized the current research landscape, delving into the intricate interplay between BEVs and different diseases. Furthermore, we offer a succinct overview of the challenges faced in BEVs-based research, encompassing separation, detection, engineering for drug purposes, clinical diagnostics, safety, and future study. In essence, these summaries may serve as invaluable guides for BEVs as communication tools between the gut microbiome and host, ultimately propelling the discovery of novel studies and drug discovery.

To investigate the clinical value of cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) technology in the assessment of the right ventricle function in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs)-related myocarditis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of developing a grading diagnostic model for schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis based on B-mode ultrasonographic images and clinical laboratory indicators. Methods Ultrasound images and clinical laboratory testing data were captured from schistosomiasis patients admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Duchang County, Jiangxi Province from 2018 to 2022. Patients with grade I schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis were enrolled in Group 1, and patients with grade II and III schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis were enrolled in Group 2. The machine learning binary classification tasks were created based on patients’radiomics and clinical laboratory data from 2018 to 2021 as the training set, and patients’radiomics and clinical laboratory data in 2022 as the validation set. The features of ultrasonographic images were labeled with the ITK-SNAP software, and the features of ultrasonographic images were extracted using the Python 3.7 package and PyRadiomics toolkit. The difference in the features of ultrasonographic images was compared between groups with t test or Mann-Whitney U test, and the key imaging features were selected with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm. Four machine learning models were created using the Scikit-learn repository, including the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), linear regression (LR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The optimal machine learning model was screened with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and features with the greatest contributions to the differentiation features of ultrasound images in machine learning models with the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. Results The ultrasonographic imaging data and clinical laboratory testing data from 491 schistosomiasis patients from 2019 to 2022 were included in the study, and a total of 851 radiomics features and 54 clinical laboratory indicators were captured. Following statistical tests (t = −5.98 to 4.80, U = 6 550 to 20 994, all P values < 0.05) and screening of key features with LASSO regression, 44 features or indicators were included for the subsequent modeling. The areas under ROC curve (AUCs) were 0.763 and 0.611 for the training and validation sets of the SVM model based on clinical laboratory indicators, 0.951 and 0.892 for the training and validation sets of the SVM model based on radiomics, and 0.960 and 0.913 for the training and validation sets of the multimodal SVM model. The 10 greatest contributing features or indicators in machine learning models included 2 clinical laboratory indicators and 8 radiomics features. Conclusions The multimodal machine learning models created based on ultrasound-based radiomics and clinical laboratory indicators are feasible for intelligent identification of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis, and are effective to improve the classification effect of one-class data models.

Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Pain Management ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Treatment Outcome ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ( DFSP ) is very rare in clinic, and its diagnosis is not specific. According to the literature domestic and abroad, only 18 cases of patients during gestation period suffered from DFSP have been reported. This paper reported a case from the Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College in April 2022 diagnosed with DFSP during pregnancy.The DFSP showed rapid growth and pain during pregnancy, and stopped rapid growth after delivery. Extensive local resection was performed and the incision margin exceeded 3 cm diameter of the tumor. One-stage skin graft was used to repair the defect. HE staining showed a single spindle cell, arranged in a vortex, with large and dark nuclei. Some nuclei were heteromorphic, and few mitotic figures were observed. Postoperative pathology showed negative margins and basement. Immunohistochemistry showed CD34 (+ + ), Ki-67 (+, 10% ), bcl-2 (-), s-100 (-), SMA (-), CD163 (-), CD68 (-), which were consistent with the diagnosis of DFSP. The pathogenesis of DFSP is not yet clear. As a special population, patients during gestation period need special treatment and diagnosis. Through literature review, this paper summarizes the reports domestic and abroad, and discusses the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with DFSP during pregnancy.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ( DFSP ) is very rare in clinic, and its diagnosis is not specific. According to the literature domestic and abroad, only 18 cases of patients during gestation period suffered from DFSP have been reported. This paper reported a case from the Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College in April 2022 diagnosed with DFSP during pregnancy.The DFSP showed rapid growth and pain during pregnancy, and stopped rapid growth after delivery. Extensive local resection was performed and the incision margin exceeded 3 cm diameter of the tumor. One-stage skin graft was used to repair the defect. HE staining showed a single spindle cell, arranged in a vortex, with large and dark nuclei. Some nuclei were heteromorphic, and few mitotic figures were observed. Postoperative pathology showed negative margins and basement. Immunohistochemistry showed CD34 (+ + ), Ki-67 (+, 10% ), bcl-2 (-), s-100 (-), SMA (-), CD163 (-), CD68 (-), which were consistent with the diagnosis of DFSP. The pathogenesis of DFSP is not yet clear. As a special population, patients during gestation period need special treatment and diagnosis. Through literature review, this paper summarizes the reports domestic and abroad, and discusses the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with DFSP during pregnancy.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

【Objective】 To construct the eukaryotic expression vector carrying the human wild-type p27 and lacking nuclear localization signal p27△NLS coding sequences， and the express them in HEK293T cells， which may contribute to investigating the different locations and roles of p27 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. 【Methods】 Total RNA was prepared from human breast cancer MCF7 cells， and cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. After amplification of the p27 CDs and non-NLS fragments by PCR， full length p27WT （CDKN1B， NM_004064.5） and p27△NLS coding regions were obtained. PCR products were then subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-Blank. After identification with bacterial PCR， double restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing， they were defined officially as pCMV-p27WT and pCMV-p27△NLS， respectively. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into HEK293T cells by electroporation. After 48 h， the levels of p27 protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus were detected by Western blotting. 【Results】 The sequencing results showed that the sequences of p27WT and p27△NLS inserted into the plasmids were both correctly consistent with that of NM_004064.5. After transfection with pCMV-p27WT， total p27 protein expression was increased and distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK293T cells. After transfection with pCMV-p27△NLS， p27 protein was significantly increased and almost entirely localized in the cytoplasm of HEK293T cells. 【Conclusion】 The eukaryotic expression plasmids of human p27WT and p27△NLS coding sequences were successfully constructed and overexpressed in HEK293T cells. This research may lay a foundation for investigating the biological function of p27 in the cell cycle progression of tumor cells.

In the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or AD animal models, β-amyloid (Aβ), tau protein, presenilin (PS)1, PS2 and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) would affect the calcium channels on neuronal cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and mitochondrial membrane, and eventually lead to the imbalance of calcium homeostasis in neurons. Aβ can also act on the endoplasmic reticulum of astrocytes and cause abnormal calcium signal. Abnormal calcium signals in the brain in turn act on neurons and promote Aβ and tau protein phosphorylation, which aggravates the disease. This study focuses on the changes of calcium signals in neurons and astrocytes in AD, in order to clarify the relationship between the calcium dyshomeostasis in neurons and astrocytes and the pathogenesis of AD, thus provides new idea for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Objective To compare the effects of general anesthesia and epidural block anesthesia on postoperative short-term cognitive function of elderly orthopedic patients.Methods From January 2015 to March 2013,80 elderly patients with orthopedic surgery in the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo were selected in the research ,According to the anes-thesia method,40 patients received general anesthesia were enrolled into general anesthesia group ,40 patients received epidural anesthesia were enrolled into epidural group.The cognitive function of different time were compared between the two groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The simple mental health scale (MMSE) scores at 6h,12h,24h after anesthesia in the general anesthesia group were (26.4 ±0.7)points,(25.9 ±0.5)points,(29.2 ±0.8)points,respectively,compared with that before anesthesia[(29.1 ±1.1)points],the difference was statistically significant (t＝6.235,P＜0.05). The MMSE scores at 6h,12h after anesthesia in the epidural group were (26.5 ±0.4) points,(25.8 ±0.7) points, compared with that before anesthesia[(29.2 ±0.8)points],the difference was statistically significant (t＝5.123, P＜0.05).The MMSE score at 24 h after anesthesia in the epidural group was (29.5 ±0.7)points,which was obvi-ously higher than (27.2 ±0.8)points in the general anesthesia group (t＝13.684,P＜0.05).The incidence rates of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) at 6h,12h after anesthesia in the general anesthesia group (17.50%, 20.00%) were significantly higher than those in the epidural group (7.50,5.00%) ( χ2＝4.571,10.285,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The effect of general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function is significantly greater than that of epidural anesthesia.