Obesity is the key factor leading to insulin resistance,cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome and tumor.Multimodal imaging technique,including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,ultrasound,CT,MRI and PET imaging could non-invasively quantify adipose tissue.The research progresses of multimodal imaging for quantifying adipose tissue were reviewed in this article.

Based on the actual situation of rapid increase in obesity prevalence and the current lack of a professional weight loss and bariatric surgery treatment platform in Macao, coupled with the continouous rise in the obesity population, the further development and refine-ment of obesity treatment methods has become particularly urgent. Against this backdrop, the authors conduct an in-depth discussion to analyze how Macao, leveraging its unqiue geographical location and favorable policy advantages within the broader context of collaborative development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area, can actively explore future development paths and potential challenges in the fields of bariatric and metabolic medicine and surgery, with the aim to provide a robust reference for advancing related medical technologies in Macao, thereby enhancing the overall level of obesity treatment in the region.

Based on the actual situation of rapid increase in obesity prevalence and the current lack of a professional weight loss and bariatric surgery treatment platform in Macao, coupled with the continouous rise in the obesity population, the further development and refine-ment of obesity treatment methods has become particularly urgent. Against this backdrop, the authors conduct an in-depth discussion to analyze how Macao, leveraging its unqiue geographical location and favorable policy advantages within the broader context of collaborative development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area, can actively explore future development paths and potential challenges in the fields of bariatric and metabolic medicine and surgery, with the aim to provide a robust reference for advancing related medical technologies in Macao, thereby enhancing the overall level of obesity treatment in the region.

Obesity is the key factor leading to insulin resistance,cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome and tumor.Multimodal imaging technique,including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,ultrasound,CT,MRI and PET imaging could non-invasively quantify adipose tissue.The research progresses of multimodal imaging for quantifying adipose tissue were reviewed in this article.

[Objective]To analyze YE Tianshi's method of removing stagnant Qi and the characteristics of the medication used,with a view to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of splenic pure heat(metabolic syndrome).[Methods]The origin and development of the concept of stagnant Qi and its interpretation by medical practitioners through the ages were systematically analyzed by means of literature review,focusing on the theoretical basis of"Lan removes stagnant Qi"in the Huangdi's Internal Classic and its evolution during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Focusing on YE Tianshi's medical and pharmacological ideas,it summarized his medication pattern in treating splenic pure heat,including the selection of medicines,the principles of compounding and the therapeutic goals,so as to reveal the core of his prevention and treatment concepts.Based on modern Chinese medicine theory,the concept of stagnant Qi was re-examined,its association with modern metabolic diseases was analyzed,and the modern application of the method of removing stagnant Qi was evaluated.[Results]Stagnant Qi is regarded as an abnormal state of accumulation of essence and micro-substances,which is closely related to metabolic imbalance and is a key link in the progression of diseases.The method of removing stagnant Qi is rooted in"Lan removes stagnant Qi"of Huangdi's Internal Classic.YE Tianshi,through precise diagnosis,used the method of removing stagnant Qi as the core and combined it with ginseng and Huangdi's Internal Classic,which effectively intervened in the splenic pure heat and minimized the incidence of thirst,although the specific strategy of the medication needed to be supported by more researches.As one of the key therapeutic principles of Chinese medicine in the treatment of metabolic diseases,although the method of removing stagnant Qi shows potential in the modern treatment of metabolic diseases,its specific usage and drug utilization are still in the stage of accumulating experience,and further in-depth excavation and research are needed.[Conclusion]YE Tianshi's method of removing stagnant Qi provides a new theoretical perspective for the understanding of metabolic diseases in Chinese medicine,emphasizing the importance of early intervention.The study not only deepens the stagnant Qi theory but also provides guidance for clinical practice,but more experimental studies and clinical data are needed to refine its application.Future work should focus on the mechanism study and clinical validation of the stagnant Qi removal method with a view to play a greater role in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Coronary CT angiography(CCTA)has emerged as the preferred imaging method for assessing effectiveness after stent implantation,which could effectively reduce unnecessary invasive examinations.However,the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA is highly dependent on image quality.The research progresses of affecting factors on image quality of CCTA after coronary stent implantation were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To study the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis and its macro influencing factors in China, so as to provide a reference for the relevant departments to formulate prevention and control policies.Methods:In virtue of the complexity of influencing factors, a new method combining principal component analysis (PCA) with geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was proposed to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of influencing factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Using the data of incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis and gross regional product (secondary indicators) of 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China from 2010 to 2019, a macro influencing factor indicator system was established by the PCA scores of 21 secondary indicators quantified to determine four primary indicators: comprehensive economy, medical security, cultural and educational transportation, and resources and environment. Based on the indicator system, PCA-ordinary least squares (PCA-OLS) model, PCA-geographically weighted regression (PCA-GWR) model, and PCA-GTWR model were constructed.Results:Three models passed F-test with F-values of 58.74, 196.62, and 1 202.90 respectively (all P < 0.05), indicating that the impact of the primary indicators on the incidence of tuberculosis is statistically significant. The mean squared error (0.01), the mean absolute error (0.08), the mean absolute percentage error (0.02), and the corrected Akaike information criterion (-358.76) of PCA-GTWR were lower than those of PCA-OLS (0.13, 0.28, 0.07, 258.38) and PCA-GWR (0.06, 0.15, 0.03, 23.41). Meanwhile, the determination coefficient (0.95) of PCA-GTWR was higher than that of PCA-OLS (0.44) and PCA-GWR (0.77), indicating the goodness of fit of the model is the best. And the PCA-GTWR model showed that the comprehensive economy, medical security, cultural and educational transportation, and resources and environment had significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis according to the distribution of regression coefficients. Conclusion:It is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors and formulate detailed and overall prevention and control measures for pulmonary tuberculosis according to local conditions.

Coronary CT angiography(CCTA)has emerged as the preferred imaging method for assessing effectiveness after stent implantation,which could effectively reduce unnecessary invasive examinations.However,the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA is highly dependent on image quality.The research progresses of affecting factors on image quality of CCTA after coronary stent implantation were reviewed in this article.

Constraint-based genome-scale metabolic network models (genome-scale metabolic models, GEMs) have been widely used to predict metabolic phenotypes. In addition to stoichiometric constraints, other constraints such as enzyme availability and thermodynamic feasibility may also limit the cellular phenotype solution space. Recently, extended GEM models considering either enzymatic or thermodynamic constraints have been developed to improve model prediction accuracy. This review summarizes the recent progresses on metabolic models with multiple constraints (MCGEMs). We presented the construction methods and various applications of MCGEMs including the simulation of gene knockout, prediction of biologically feasible pathways and identification of bottleneck steps. By integrating multiple constraints in a consistent modeling framework, MCGEMs can predict the metabolic bottlenecks and key controlling and modification targets for pathway optimization more precisely, and thus may provide more reliable design results to guide metabolic engineering of industrially important microorganisms.
Genome ; Metabolic Engineering ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics* ; Models, Biological ; Thermodynamics

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of microsurgical repair of soft tissue necrosis after beak-type calcaneal fracture.Methods From January,2012 to March,2017,surgically flaps were used to repair wounds in 8 patients with soft tissue necrosis after calcaneal beak fracture.Five patients underwent sural neurovascular flap in the first stage of repair,2 patients were treated with peroneal perforator propeller flap,and 1 patient was treated with posterior tibial artery perforator propeller flap.The donor sites of 3 flaps were directly closed,and donor areas of the remaining 5 were covered with medium-thickness skin grafts without being sutured directly.The size of flap was 5.0 cm× 3.0 cm-7.0 cm × 5.0 cm.Through postoperative outpatient and WeChat follow-up.The patient's flap survival,infection,flap shape,sensation and ankle function were evaluated.Results All flaps and skin grafts survived post-operatively.All patients were followed-up for 6-12 (mean,8.4) months.All patients had good flap survival and no complications such as soft tissue and calcaneal infection.The flaps were good in texture,shape and function of ankle.At the last follow-up,according to the British Medical Research Institute (BMRI),the sensory function was divided into 6 levels.The flap sensory function recovered to S2 in 3 cases,and the remaining 5 cases was S1.According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-hindfoot Scale (AHS),the results were excellent in 5 cases,and good in 3 cases.All patients had good clinical results and satisfaction at the last followedup.Conclusion The treatment of soft tissue necrosis after calcaneus beak fractures can be completed in one stage by using flaps,which avoided the occurrence of calcaneal osteomyelitis.It is easy to perform early rehabilitation exercise and the ankle function is well restored.