Background and purpose:Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC)is a group of rare and highly heterogeneous diseases.It predominantly arises in the parotid glands of middle-aged and elderly males,with high rates of recurrence and metastasis,as well as a poor prognosis.Currently,there is a lack of clinical data on SDC.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SDC patients and explore high-risk factors affecting prognosis,so as to provide clinical references for physicians.Methods:Clinical data of patients with primary SDC who were admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital and Tianjin Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University School of Medicine from 2012 to 2024,were collected retrospectively.Inclusion criteria:① patients diagnosed with primary SDC;② availability of American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging data.Exclusion criteria:① concurrent other malignant tumors;② incomplete or missing medical records;③ death due to non-SDC causes;④ duplicate cases from the two participating hospitals.Data retrieved encompassed epidemiological information(gender,age)and clinical details(time of diagnosis,tumor characteristics,treatment regimen,recurrence and metastasis status,and pathological data).Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and factors related to prognosis were explored through univariate COX proportional hazards regression model analysis.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University School of Medicine(ethics number:PH2023-B-016),and patient informed consent was waived.Results:A total of 87 patients with primary SDC were included in this study,among whom 77%were male,69%had primary lesions in the parotid gland,29.9%in the submandibular gland,and one patient had a primary lesion in the minor salivary gland of the nasal cavity.49.3%of the patients had concurrent cervical lymph node metastasis.The median overall survival(OS)of the entire group was 31.2 months,the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 20.3 months,and the 5-year OS rate was 52.6%.The 5-year OS rate for tumors originating from the parotid gland was 60%,which was better than the 32.9%for those originating from the submandibular gland.Among the 85 patients who received surgical treatment,65.9%underwent both resection of the primary tumor and neck dissection.Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to 49 patients.During the follow-up period,46%of the patients developed recurrence or metastasis,with lung and bone metastases being the most common.The median OS and local progression-free time in the postoperative radiotherapy group were significantly longer compared with those in the group without radiotherapy,however,the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:SDC is a malignant and aggressive disease that predominantly occurs in the parotid glands of middle-aged and elderly males,with a high rate of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.Clinically,it is recommended that patients with SDC undergo radical resection of the primary lesion and cervical lymph node dissection,combined with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are worthy of further exploration.

The aim of this study is to establish a rapid,efficient,and sensitive method for detecting the infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV).The DNA of ILTV was extracted and used as a tem-plate to develop a recombinant enzyme-mediated isothermal amplification(RAA)fluorescence de-tection method for ILTV through optimization of conditions,sensitivity analysis,and repeatability assessment.Additionally,the nucleic acids of avian influenza virus(AIV),IBV,and Newcastle dis-ease virus(NDV)were detected to verify the specificity of this method.Finally,this method was applied to analyze 59 clinical samples collected from multiple large-scale chicken farms in Hebei Province,and the results were compared with those obtained from real-time fluorescence quantifi-cation(qPCR)and PCR methods according to national standards.The results showed that the RAA detection method established in this study had a reaction system of 25.0 μL buffer,2.1 μL primer,0.6 μL probe,5.0 μL magnesium acetate,and 5.0 μL template.The reaction temperature was 39 ℃ and the amplification time was within 20 minutes.The sensitivity of this method was 101 copies/μL,and the specificity detection was 100％.Testing of 59 clinical samples showed that 17 were detected positive by both RAA fluorescence and qPCR,and 12 were detected by PCR,and the detection rate of RAA(fluorescence)was consistent with real-time fluorescence quantification and qPCR,which was higher than that of the PCR assay.The research results indicate that the RAA fluorescence method has a short detection time,good specificity and sensitivity,and can be used for rapid detection of ILTV.

Background and purpose:Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC)is a group of rare and highly heterogeneous diseases.It predominantly arises in the parotid glands of middle-aged and elderly males,with high rates of recurrence and metastasis,as well as a poor prognosis.Currently,there is a lack of clinical data on SDC.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SDC patients and explore high-risk factors affecting prognosis,so as to provide clinical references for physicians.Methods:Clinical data of patients with primary SDC who were admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital and Tianjin Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University School of Medicine from 2012 to 2024,were collected retrospectively.Inclusion criteria:① patients diagnosed with primary SDC;② availability of American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging data.Exclusion criteria:① concurrent other malignant tumors;② incomplete or missing medical records;③ death due to non-SDC causes;④ duplicate cases from the two participating hospitals.Data retrieved encompassed epidemiological information(gender,age)and clinical details(time of diagnosis,tumor characteristics,treatment regimen,recurrence and metastasis status,and pathological data).Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and factors related to prognosis were explored through univariate COX proportional hazards regression model analysis.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University School of Medicine(ethics number:PH2023-B-016),and patient informed consent was waived.Results:A total of 87 patients with primary SDC were included in this study,among whom 77%were male,69%had primary lesions in the parotid gland,29.9%in the submandibular gland,and one patient had a primary lesion in the minor salivary gland of the nasal cavity.49.3%of the patients had concurrent cervical lymph node metastasis.The median overall survival(OS)of the entire group was 31.2 months,the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 20.3 months,and the 5-year OS rate was 52.6%.The 5-year OS rate for tumors originating from the parotid gland was 60%,which was better than the 32.9%for those originating from the submandibular gland.Among the 85 patients who received surgical treatment,65.9%underwent both resection of the primary tumor and neck dissection.Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to 49 patients.During the follow-up period,46%of the patients developed recurrence or metastasis,with lung and bone metastases being the most common.The median OS and local progression-free time in the postoperative radiotherapy group were significantly longer compared with those in the group without radiotherapy,however,the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:SDC is a malignant and aggressive disease that predominantly occurs in the parotid glands of middle-aged and elderly males,with a high rate of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.Clinically,it is recommended that patients with SDC undergo radical resection of the primary lesion and cervical lymph node dissection,combined with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are worthy of further exploration.

The aim of this study is to establish a rapid,efficient,and sensitive method for detecting the infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV).The DNA of ILTV was extracted and used as a tem-plate to develop a recombinant enzyme-mediated isothermal amplification(RAA)fluorescence de-tection method for ILTV through optimization of conditions,sensitivity analysis,and repeatability assessment.Additionally,the nucleic acids of avian influenza virus(AIV),IBV,and Newcastle dis-ease virus(NDV)were detected to verify the specificity of this method.Finally,this method was applied to analyze 59 clinical samples collected from multiple large-scale chicken farms in Hebei Province,and the results were compared with those obtained from real-time fluorescence quantifi-cation(qPCR)and PCR methods according to national standards.The results showed that the RAA detection method established in this study had a reaction system of 25.0 μL buffer,2.1 μL primer,0.6 μL probe,5.0 μL magnesium acetate,and 5.0 μL template.The reaction temperature was 39 ℃ and the amplification time was within 20 minutes.The sensitivity of this method was 101 copies/μL,and the specificity detection was 100％.Testing of 59 clinical samples showed that 17 were detected positive by both RAA fluorescence and qPCR,and 12 were detected by PCR,and the detection rate of RAA(fluorescence)was consistent with real-time fluorescence quantification and qPCR,which was higher than that of the PCR assay.The research results indicate that the RAA fluorescence method has a short detection time,good specificity and sensitivity,and can be used for rapid detection of ILTV.

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors. Radiation-induced injury (RII) of normal tissue in tumor patients receiving radiotherapy, to varying degrees, is the most common adverse reaction of radiotherapy and an important factor influencing the course of radiotherapy. However, there is a lack of efficient prevention and treatment measures for RII. Ferroptosis, a novel type of cell death, has been reported several times to be closely associated with normal tissue damage induced by radiotherapy. This paper reviews the advances in research on ferroptosis, as well as its mechanism and association with RII.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect and safety of camrelizumab combined with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:A total of 24 patients with stage Ⅲ-IV A NPC were recruited prospectively to receive two cycles of camrelizumab combined with induction chemotherapy (docetaxel 75 mg/m 2+ cisplatin 25 mg/m 2 for three consecutive days) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (prescription doses: 6 996 cGy in 33 fractions for PGTV and PGTV nd, 6 006 cGy in 33 fractions for PTV 1, 5 096 cGy in 28 fractions for PTV 2, and concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy with a dose of 75 mg/m 2). The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. Results:After induction therapy, nasopharyngeal lesions showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 91.6%, including 45.8% of complete response (CR) and 45.8% of partial response (PR); cervical lymph nodes showed an ORR of 95.8% (CR: 4.2%; PR: 91.6%). Seventeen patients accepted a reexamination under a nasopharyngoscope, and the biting biopsy result indicated that 13 patients among them had complete pathologic response. After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, nasopharyngeal lesions and cervical lymph nodes showed CR rates of 83.3% and 91.7% and PR rates of 16.7% and 8.3%, respectively. After the induction therapy, 13 patients with stage IV A NPC had ORR (PR) rates of 92.4% and 92.4%, respectively, at nasopharyngeal lesions and cervical lymph nodes. After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patients with stage IV A NPC had CR rates of 84.6% and 92.3% and PR rates of 15.4% and 7.7%, respectively, at nasopharyngeal lesions and cervical lymph nodes. Major adverse reactions include leukopenia, granulopenia, anemia, radioactive acute oropharyngeal mucositis and dermatitis, digestive tract reaction, fatigue, hypothyroidism, aminotransferase elevation, and reactive capillary hyperplasia. Conclusions:Camrelizumab combined with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy can achieve high short-term efficacy for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions. Its long-term efficacy deserves further research.

Sarcopenia is a common clinical syndrome in cancer patients and is becoming an independent poor prognostic factor. Studies have shown that an appropriate increase in protein, vitamin D, Omega-3, and other nutrient intake combined with exercise, while ensuring appropriate energy intake, can improve or even reverse sarcopenia. In this review, the research progress in the assessment and diagnosis, epidemiological features, clinical outcomes, and interventions for sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer was reviewed.

To explore the clinical efficacy and toxicity of the NAPD regimen(vinorelbine, cytarabine, cisplatin, and dexamethasone) in the treatment of recurrent refractory non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma.
 Methods: A total of 67 patients identified with recurrent refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled for this retrospective study. The curative efficacy of NAPD regimen was evaluated after 2 consecutive cycles. The toxicities and side effects were evaluated after 1 cycle. The objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progress free survival (PFS), 1, 2 or 4 years of OS and PFS rates were analyzed. The prognosis was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.
 Results: The ORR was 53.8% after two cycles, including 5(7.5%) complete responses and 31(46.3%) partial responses. The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 88.7% (59/67). The median OS was 22 (1.5-140.0) months. 1, 2 or 4 years of OS rates were 70.9%, 49.0%, and 35.0%, respectively. The median PFS was 14 (1.5-140.0) months; and 1, 2 or 4 years of PFS rates were 57.5%, 38.3%, and 29.8%, respectively. The main side effect was myelosuppression. The rates of Grade III/IV leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were 13.4% (9 cases) and 3.0% (2 cases), respectively. Gastrointestinal toxicity was at Grade I or II and 6% patients displayed gastrointestinal toxicity at Grade III/IV. No severe cardiac and hepatorenal functional toxicity was observed.
 Conclusion: The NAPD regimen for recurrent refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is effective, and its toxicity is well tolerated. It is a salvage chemotherapy regimen and be of worth to be verified.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cisplatin ; Dexamethasone ; Etoposide ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; drug therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of anemia in patients diagnosed with extranodal nasal-type natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL).Methods Clinical data of 1 225 NKTCL patients receiving the first course of treatment from 10 medical institutions in China were retrospectively analyzed.According to the diagnostic criteria in China,anemia was defined as the hemoglobin (Hb) level＜ 120 g/L for the male and＜ 110 g/L for the female from the sea-level area.The severity of anemia was classified into the extremely severe anemia (Hb ≤ 30 g/L),severe anemia (31-60 g/L),moderate anemia (61-90 g/L) and mild anemia (＞90 g/L).Results Among 1 225 patients,199(16.2％) were complicated with anemia,who had more adverse prognostic factors compared with their counterparts without anemia.Among NKTCL patients with anemia,the proportion of patients with stage Ⅱ-ⅣV,a median age＞ anemia,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 2-4 and NK/T-cell lymphoma prognostic index (NKTCLPI) ≥ 2 was relatively high.Patients with anemia obtained worse clinical prognosis than those without anemia.The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NKTCL patients with anemia were calculated as 49.4％ and 35.4％,significantly lower compared with 63.3％ and 56.0％ in their counterparts without anemia (both P＜0.01).Single factor analysis demonstrated that anemia,age,ECOG score,group B symptom,lactate dehydrogenase,primary tumor site,primary tumor invasion and staging were the prognostic factors of OS and PFS.Multivariate analysis revealed that anemia was still the independent prognostic factor.Conclusions Anemia is not common in patients with NKTCL and these patients obtain poor clinical prognosis.Anemia is an independent prognostic factor for patients with NKTCL.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of extra-nodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma originated from the larynx. Methods Clinical data of 15 cases of extra-nodal nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma originated from the larynx were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival ( OS ) and progression-free survival ( PFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The effect of different clinical factors on the clinical prognosis was assessed by univariate analysis. Results Among 15 patients,13 cases were male and 2 female. The median age of onset was 40 years. In 8 cases,the lesions were confined to the larynx,and only 4 cases suffered from cervical lymph node involvement. According to Ann Abor staging, 11 cases were classified as grade I,3 as gradeⅡand 1 as gradeⅢ.The median OS was 28. 0 months and the 5-year OS was 32. 0％.The median PFS was 24. 7 months and the 5-year PFS was 33. 3％.Among 14 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ,the clinical prognosis of patients receiving combined chemo-radiotherapy was significantly better than those of their counterparts undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone ( median OS:37. 2 vs. 11. 2 vs.3. 7 months,P=0. 004) . Conclusion Extra-nodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma originated from the larynx is extremely rare, predominantly in middle-aged male patients. The general condition is relatively favorable. Patients present with multiple lesions in the early stage and relatively poor prognosis. The clinical efficacy of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy is probably higher compared with that of radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone.