Pruritus is one of the serious side effects in patients receiving opioid analgesia in clinic.A lot of studies have eluci-dated the analgesic mechanisms of opioids,but the mechanism of opioid-induced pruritus is still unclear,and the relationship between pruritus and analgesia is ambiguous.In the recent stud-ies,after activation of μ,κ and δ opioid receptors,opioids transmit itch information by interacting with the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor(GRPR)directly or indirectly.Neuropeptides such as neuromedin B(NMB),neuropeptide Y(NPY),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)and other receptors transient receptor potential vanilloids 1 receptor(TRPV1R),N-methyl-D-aspar-tate receptor(NMDAR)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)re-ceptor also play important roles in morphine-induced itching.In addition,the prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus are still one of the difficulties and hot spots of perioperative mor-phine analgesia.Therefore,it is important to clarify the specific occurrence mechanism of pruritus to find new research ideas for the prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Aim To establish the cells co-expressing 5-HT2C re-ceptor(5-HT2C R)and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EG-FP)-tagged nuclear factor of activated T cells 2(NFAT2)in U2OS cells.Methods The 5-HT2CR stably expressed U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells were screened by hygromycin B af-ter 5-HT2C plasmid was transfected into U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2 cells.The mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT2CR in the se-lected U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The activation of U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells was verified by nuclear translocation level assay.The effects of 5-HT,LSD,DOM,DOI,psilocybin(PSI),lisuride(LIS)on the U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells were detected by the high throughout screening assay.Results Among these cells,No 56 had the highest nuclear translocation function.5-HT2CR mRNA and protein were stably expressed in U2OS-EG-FP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR transfected cell line for 1-15 generations by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Vabicaserin increased the EGFP-NFAT2 nuclear translocation in U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2C R during 1-15 generations.The 5-HT2CR antagonist SB242084 significantly decreased EGFP-NFAT2 nuclear translocation in-duced by Vabicaserin in U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells.5-HT,LIS,PSI slightly increased the EGFP-NFAT2 nuclear trans-location in U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2C R cells,whereas LSD,DOI,DOM had no effect.Conclusions U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells co-expressing 5-HT2CR and EGFP-NFAT2 are es-tablished,which can be used for high throughout screening of chemicals and the study on the mechanism of the5-HT2CR.

Aim To establish the cells co-expressing 5-HT2C re-ceptor(5-HT2C R)and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EG-FP)-tagged nuclear factor of activated T cells 2(NFAT2)in U2OS cells.Methods The 5-HT2CR stably expressed U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells were screened by hygromycin B af-ter 5-HT2C plasmid was transfected into U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2 cells.The mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT2CR in the se-lected U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The activation of U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells was verified by nuclear translocation level assay.The effects of 5-HT,LSD,DOM,DOI,psilocybin(PSI),lisuride(LIS)on the U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells were detected by the high throughout screening assay.Results Among these cells,No 56 had the highest nuclear translocation function.5-HT2CR mRNA and protein were stably expressed in U2OS-EG-FP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR transfected cell line for 1-15 generations by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Vabicaserin increased the EGFP-NFAT2 nuclear translocation in U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2C R during 1-15 generations.The 5-HT2CR antagonist SB242084 significantly decreased EGFP-NFAT2 nuclear translocation in-duced by Vabicaserin in U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells.5-HT,LIS,PSI slightly increased the EGFP-NFAT2 nuclear trans-location in U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2C R cells,whereas LSD,DOI,DOM had no effect.Conclusions U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT2CR cells co-expressing 5-HT2CR and EGFP-NFAT2 are es-tablished,which can be used for high throughout screening of chemicals and the study on the mechanism of the5-HT2CR.

Pruritus is one of the serious side effects in patients receiving opioid analgesia in clinic.A lot of studies have eluci-dated the analgesic mechanisms of opioids,but the mechanism of opioid-induced pruritus is still unclear,and the relationship between pruritus and analgesia is ambiguous.In the recent stud-ies,after activation of μ,κ and δ opioid receptors,opioids transmit itch information by interacting with the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor(GRPR)directly or indirectly.Neuropeptides such as neuromedin B(NMB),neuropeptide Y(NPY),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)and other receptors transient receptor potential vanilloids 1 receptor(TRPV1R),N-methyl-D-aspar-tate receptor(NMDAR)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)re-ceptor also play important roles in morphine-induced itching.In addition,the prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus are still one of the difficulties and hot spots of perioperative mor-phine analgesia.Therefore,it is important to clarify the specific occurrence mechanism of pruritus to find new research ideas for the prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

The study established a mouse itch model induced by acute opioid and non-opioid pruritogens. The effects and mechanism of partial opioid agonist thienorphine on acute scratching behavior caused by opioid and non-opioid pruritogens was demonstrated. The noninvasive scratching behavior analysis system was established to test scratching behavior induced by morphine, bombesin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or chloroquine in C57 BL/6J mice. The effect of thienorphine (0.75, 1.5, 3 mg·kg^-1) on acute itch caused by above pruritogens were studied. The expression of protein kinase C δ (PKC δ) in mouse spinal cord was detected by Western blot after pruritogens addition with or without thienorphine pretreatment. All operations in the experiment were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences (IACUC-2021-017W). The scratching behavior increased significantly under morphine (1 nmol, i.t), bombesin (0.3 nmol, i.t), 5-HT (5 nmol, i.d) or chloroquine (20 nmol, i.d) treatment, respectively. Thienorphine (1.5 mg·kg^-1) significantly inhibited the scratching behavior induced by the morphine, bombesin, 5-HT and chloroquine. Thienorphine significantly reversed the changes in PKC δ protein expression induced by morphine or 5-HT. In conclusion, the partial opioid agonist thienorphine could inhibit scratching behavior induced by opioid and non-opioid pruritogens. It might reverse PKC δ through different pathways to inhibit opioids and non-opioids induced scratching behavior, which provided a new idea for exploring and treating itch.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prospective association between cumulative resting heart rate (cumRHR) and rapid renal function decline (RRFD) in a cohort of individuals aged 60 and older. METHODS: In the Tianjin Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study, the individuals who underwent three consecutive physical examinations between 2014 and 2017, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m² and aged 60 years or older were enrolled. A total of 27,564 patients were prospectively followed up from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. The 3-year cumRHR was calculated. The primary outcome was RRFD, defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of 5 mL/min per 1.73 m² or greater. Logistic and restricted spline regression models and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the association of cumRHR with RRFD after adjusting for all confounders. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, a total of 4,347 (15.77%) subjects developed RRFD. In fully-adjusted models, compared with the lowest quartile of cumRHR, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest was 1.44 (1.28-1.61), P < 0.001. Furthermore, each 1-standard deviation (27.97 beats/min per year) increment in cumRHR was associated with a 17% (P < 0.001) increased risk of RRFD, with a linear positive correlation (P for non-linear = 0.803). Participants with a 3-year cumRHR ≥ 207 (beats/min) * year (equivalent to ≥ 69 beats/min per year in 3 years) were found to be at a higher risk of RRFD. CONCLUSIONS The cumRHR is significantly associated with a higher risk of RRFD among older adults. These results might provide an effective goal for managing and delaying the decline of renal function in the older adults.