Syringa pinnatifolia, belonging to the family Oleaceae, is a species endemic to China. It is predominantly distributed in the Helan Mountains region of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia of China. The peeled roots, stems, and thick branches have been used as a distinctive Mongolian medicinal material known as "Shan-chen-xiang", which has effects such as suppressing "khii", clearing heat, and relieving pain and is employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and joint pain. Over the past five years, significant increase was achieved in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. There were a total of 130 new constituents reported, covering sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Its effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, sedation, and analgesia were revealed, and the mechanisms of agarwood formation were also investigated. To better understand its medical value and potential of clinical application, this review updates the research progress in recent five years focusing on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. pinnatifolia, providing reference for subsequent research on active ingredient and support for its innovative application in modern medicine system.
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Syringa/chemistry*

By employing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the CRITIC method(a weight determination method based on indicator correlations), and the AHP-CRITIC hybrid weighting method, the weight coefficients of evaluation indicators were determined, followed by a comprehensive score comparison. The grey correlation analysis was then performed to analyze the results calculated using the hybrid weighting method. Subsequently, a backpropagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN) model was constructed to predict the extraction process parameters and optimize the extraction process for Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu Granules(SHJG). In the extraction process, an L_9(3~4) orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize three factors at three levels, including extraction frequency, water addition amount, and extraction time. The evaluation indicators included geniposide, berberine, ginsenoside Rg_1 + Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, ferulic acid, and extract yield. Finally, the optimal extraction results obtained by the orthogonal experiment, grey correlation analysis, and BP-ANN method were compared, and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the optimal extraction process involved two rounds of aqueous extraction, each lasting one hour; the first extraction used ten times the amount of added water, while the second extraction used eight times the amount. In the validation experiments, the average content of each indicator component was higher than the average content obtained in the orthogonal experiment, with a higher comprehensive score. The optimized extraction process parameters were reliable and stable, making them suitable for subsequent preparation process research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Neural Networks, Computer

Based on serum metabolomics and gut microbiota technology, this study explores the effects and mechanisms of the water extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(SZRW) and the petroleum ether extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(SZRO) in improving depressive-like behaviors induced by sleep deprivation. A modified multi-platform water environment method was employed to establish a rat model of sleep deprivation. Depressive-like behaviors in rats were assessed through the sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The expression of barrier proteins, such as Occludin, in the colon was determined by immunofluorescence. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS was utilized to analyze the serum metabolic profiles of sleep-deprived rats, screen for differential metabolites, and analyze metabolic pathways. The diversity of the gut microbiota was detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between differential metabolites and gut microbiota. The results indicated that SZRO significantly increased the sucrose preference index and decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test in rats. A total of 34 differential metabolites were identified through serum metabolomics. SZRW and SZRO shared five metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism. SZRW uniquely featured taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, while SZRO uniquely featured linoleic acid metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed that SZRW could upregulate the abundance of Bilophila, promoting the production of indole-3-propionic acid and subsequently upregulating the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1. SZRO could indirectly influence metabolic pathways such as arginine metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism by upregulating the abundance of gut microbiota such as Coprococcus and Eubacterium species. Both SZRW and SZRO can regulate endogenous metabolism, including amino acids, energy, and lipids, alter the gut microbiota microecology, and improve depressive-like behaviors. SZRO demonstrated superior effects in regulating metabolic pathways and gut microbiota structure compared to SZRW. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.
Animals ; Rats ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Depression/blood* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation/complications* ; Ziziphus/chemistry* ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage* ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Humans

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a protective effect in using traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo (TXL) capsule to treat atherosclerosis. However, clinical evidence of the effects of TXL treatment on coronary plaque vulnerability is unavailable. In response, we developed this study to investigate the hypothesis that on the basis of statin therapy, treatment with TXL capsule may stabilize coronary lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The TXL-CAP study was an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted across 18 medical centers in China. Patients with ACS aging from 18 to 80 years old who had a non-intervened coronary target lesion with a fibrous cap thickness (FCT) < 100 μm and lipid arc > 90° as defined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recruited. A total of 220 patients who met the selection criteria but did not meet the exclusion criteria will be finally recruited and randomized to receive treatment with TXL (n = 110) or placebo (n = 110) for a duration of 12 months. The primary endpoint was the difference in the minimum FCT of the coronary target lesion between TXL and placebo groups at the end of the 12-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints included: (1) changes of the maximum lipid arc and length of the target plaque, and the percentage of lipid, fibrous, and calcified plaques at the end of the 12-month period; (2) the incidence of composite cardiovascular events and coronary revascularization within the 12 months; (3) changes in the grade and scores of the angina pectoris as assessed using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading system and Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ) score, respectively; and (4) changes in hs-CRP serum levels. The results of the TXL-CAP trial will provide additional clinical data for revealing whether TXL capsules stabilizes coronary vulnerable plaques in Chinese ACS patients.

Pregnancy complicated with acute myeloid leukemia is uncommon,requiring the collaborative management by specialists from departments of hematology,obstetrics,anesthesiology,and neonatology for both the parturient and the neonate.This article reports an anesthesic management process of a parturient woman with acute myeloid leukemia and reviews relevant literature published in recent years to systematically summarize the approach for anesthesia-related perinatal management of such patients.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications* ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic ; Adult ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods*

Objective:To investigate the correlation of miR-155 expression with drug sensitivity of FLT3-ITD+acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cell line and its potential regulatory mechanism.Methods:By knocking out miR-155 gene in FLT3-ITD+AML cell line MV411 through CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology,monoclonal cells were screened.The genotype of these monoclonal cells was validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing.The expression of mature miRNA was measured by RT-qPCR.The treatment response of doxorubicin,quizartinib and midostaurin were measured by MTT assay and IC50 of these drugs were calculated to identify the sensitivity.Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze change of mRNA level in MV411 cells after miR-155 knockout,gene set enrichment analysis to analyze change of signaling pathway,and Western blot to verify expressions of key molecules in signaling pathway.Results:Four heterozygotes with gene knockout and one heterozygote with gene insertion were obtained through PCR screening and Sanger sequencing.RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of mature miR-155 in the monoclonal cells was significantly lower than wild-type clones.MTT results showed that the sensitivity of MV411 cells to various anti FLT3-ITD+AML drugs increased significantly after miR-155 knockout compared with wild-type clones.RNA sequencing showed that the mTOR signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway were inhibited after miR-155 knockout.Western blot showed that the expressions of key molecules p-mTOR,Wnt5α and β-catenin in signaling pathway were down-regulated.Conclusion:Drug sensitivity of MV411 cells to doxorubicin,quizartinib and midostaurin can be enhanced significantly after miR-155 knockout,which is related to the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways including mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways.

Objective:To screen interleukin(IL)-1β secretion-related membrane transporters by macrophage experiment in vitro and conventional knockout mice.Methods:THP-1 cell line was differentiated to obtain human THP-1-derived macrophages,and the primary macrophages were obtained from human peripheral blood.FVB wild-type mice with the same sex and age were used as the controls of MRP1 knockout mice.The macrophages in abdominal cavity and bone marrow of mice were cultivated.The cells were treated with ABCC1/MRP1,ABCG2/BCRP,ABCB1/P-gp,OATP1B1,and MATE transporter inhibitors,then stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate.The secretion level of IL-iβ was detected by ELISA,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Results:After inhibiting ABCC1/MRP1 transporter,the secretion of IL-1β decreased significantly,while inhibition of the other 4 transporters had no effect.In animal experiment,the level of IL-1 β secreted by macrophages in bone marrow of MRP1 knockout mice was significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:ABCC1/MRP1 transporter is a newly discovered IL-1β secretion pathway,which is expected to become a new target for solving clinical problems such as cytokine release syndrome.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD)is complex and unclear.Existing drugs can only alleviate its symp-toms,and there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic drugs.As the representative drugs of tonic and enlightening medicine,ginseng and acorus calamus have pharmacological effects to improve memory,improve learning ability and reduce cognitive impairment,which are commonly used in Chinese med-icine for the treatment of dementia.The combination of ginseng and acorus calamus can further promote the active ingredients in-to brain to exert their medicinal effects,and delay the process of AD through anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative stress,modulation of neuronal-synaptic plasticity and other multiple pathways,with multi-level,multi-system and multi-target action characteristics.This paper attempts to summarize the existing research results and lay the foundation for further exploring the synergistic mech-anism of action of ginseng-acorus calamus combination and the dose-effect relationship of the combination,so as to provide a sci-entific basis for the development of innovative Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of LUO's Neiyi Prescription on the proliferation and angiogenesis of eutopic endometrium in rats with endometriosis(EMs)based on hypoxia-inducible factor 1A(HIF1A)/enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)/anthrax toxin receptor 2(ANTXR2)signaling pathway.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,Danazol group(4.2 g·kg-1),low-dose LUO's Neiyi Prescription group and high-dose LUO's Neiyi Prescription group(15.74,31.48 g·kg-1),eight rats in each group.The rat model of EMs with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was constructed by autologous endometrial transplantation combined with multi-factor intervention.Intragastric administration was given once a day for 28 consecutive days.The pathological changes of endometrial tissue were observed by HE staining.The expression levels of proliferating cell protein 67(Ki67)and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(CD31)in endometrial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF1A,EZH2 and ANTXR2 in endometrial tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot.The expression levels of YAP1,CD44 and β-catenin in endometrial tissues were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the epithelial cells of the eutopic endometrium of the model group were thickened,the interstitial cells were arranged disorderly,and the inflammatory cells increased.The expression levels of Ki67 and CD31 in endometrial tissues were significantly increased(P＜0.01),the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF1A and ANTXR2 were significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the mRNA and protein expression levels of EZH2 were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of YAP1,CD44 and β-catenin were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the epithelial layer of the eutopic endometrial tissue of the rats in each administration group became thinner,the interstitial disorder and inflammatory infiltration were improved,and the levels of Ki67 and CD31 in the eutopic endometrial tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF1A and ANTXR2 in the endometrium of rats in the Danazol group and the high-dose LUO's Neiyi Prescription group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the mRNA and protein expression levels of EZH2 were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The protein expression levels of YAP1,CD44 and β-catenin in endometrial tissue of rats in each administration group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion LUO's Neiyi Prescription can play a role in the treatment of EMs by inhibiting the proliferation and angiogenesis of eutopic endometrial cells,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of HIF1A/EZH2/ANTXR2 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the preliminary clinical effect of closed reduction and cannulated nail internal fixa-tion for femoral neck fracture assisted by robot navigation and positioning system.Methods From July 2019 to January 2020,16 cases of femoral neck fracture(navigation group)were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation guided by robot system,including 7 males and 9 females,aged 25 to 72 years old with an average of(53.61±5.45)years old;Garden classification of fracture:3 cases of type Ⅰ,3 cases of type Ⅱ,8 cases of type Ⅲ,2 cases of type Ⅳ.Non navigation group(control group):20 cases of femoral neck fracture were treated with closed reduction and hollow nail internal fixation,8 males and 12 females,aged 46 to 70 years old with an average of(55.23±4.64)years old;Garden type Ⅰ in 2 cases,type Ⅱ in 4 cases,type Ⅲ in 11 cases,type Ⅳ in 3 cases.The operation time,fluoroscopy times,guide needle drilling times,screw adjustment times,intraoperative bleeding volume and other indicators of two groups were evaluated.Results Both groups were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of(15.6±2.8)months.The fractures of both groups were healed without delayed union and nonunion.There was no significant difference in healing time between two groups(P=0.782).There was no significant differ-ence in Harris scores between two groups at the last follow-up(P=0.813).There was no significant difference in operation time between two groups(P＞0.05).There were significant differences between two groups in fluoroscopy times,guide needle drilling times,hollow screw replacement times,and intraoperative bleeding volume(P＜0.05).Conclusion Closed reduction and hollow screw internal fixation assisted by robot navigation system for femoral neck fracture has the advantages of minimally invasive operation,precise screw placement,and reduction of X-ray radiation damage during operation.